This document discusses three case studies comparing the costs and benefits of agricultural robots versus conventional methods. The first case examines using an autonomous vehicle for field scouting in cereals, finding it reduces costs by about 20% compared to manual scouting. The second case looks at a robotic weeding system for sugar beets, determining costs could be reduced 12-21% versus conventional weeding. The third analyzes an autonomous grass cutting robot for golf courses, calculating its total annual cost per hectare is €283, compared to using manual labor. Overall, the document finds agricultural robots can provide cost savings in various applications compared to traditional human-operated methods.
This document summarizes a project on Agrobot undertaken by students at Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering under the guidance of Mr. Amit Tripathi. The project aims to develop a robot that can help with various agricultural activities like seed sowing, fertilizer spraying, and weed removal to increase efficiency and sustainability. The robot will use an 89c2051 microcontroller, path sensing circuits, motors controlled via an L293D driver. It is meant to work across different weather conditions and navigate around obstacles in the field. Agricultural robots have applications in tasks like sheep shearing, field sowing, fruit picking and more.
Agricultural robots can perform tasks like harvesting, weed control, monitoring farms, and allowing farmers to increase efficiency and precision. Current agricultural robots include Demeter for harvesting, weed controllers, forest robots, and fruit picking robots. Future agricultural robots may include flying micro robots. Robots provide advantages like working continuously without rest, but disadvantages include potential liability issues and changing the culture of agriculture. Overall, robots can enhance productivity in agriculture by performing dangerous, repetitive tasks.
This document discusses agricultural robots and their uses. It begins with introductions to robots and agricultural robotics. Agricultural robots can be used for tasks like harvesting, weed control, forestry work, horticulture, and fruit picking. They allow processes like plowing, seeding, fertilizing, weeding and harvesting to be done with less manual labor, saving time and money. The document then describes a specific robot the author developed that can detect plant diseases using image processing and then spray only the affected plants with pesticide, reducing waste and pollution compared to uniform spraying. It concludes that this targeted treatment can help farmers better control diseases and pesticides in an environmentally friendly manner.
Agricultural robots can perform various agricultural tasks autonomously such as spraying, mechanical weed control, fruit picking, monitoring farms, and allowing farmers to increase efficiency and precision. Various types of agricultural robots are used for tasks like harvesting (Demeter robot), weed control, forestry work, horticulture, and fruit picking. Agricultural robots have advantages like collecting crop samples close to plants, applying chemicals precisely, and working continuously without needing rest. However, challenges include the costs of the technology and ensuring periodic human presence in fields. Future agricultural robots may include flying microbots and exoskeleton suits to assist with labor-intensive tasks.
This document discusses the use of agricultural robots, or agribots, to increase farming efficiency and meet future food production needs. An example is given of an autonomous agribot powered by solar energy that can perform tasks like plowing, seeding, irrigation, pest control, and crop monitoring. The robots have the functionalities of surveying crop growth and facilitating automated harvesting. Advances in sensors and control systems allow agribots to optimally manage resources and pests/diseases. Intelligent sensing robots may be capable of targeted spraying and selectively harvesting only ripe fruits. One challenge is the cost of developing robots for specialized tasks like strawberry picking, which currently require government subsidies. Miniature robots open up new possibilities for more
The document discusses Isaac Asimov's three laws of robotics and proposes a zeroth law. It then discusses the definition, components, and types of agricultural robots. The key components are sensors, controllers, actuators, end effectors like grippers. Types discussed include harvesting robots like Demeter, weed control robots, forester robots, fruit picking robots, drones, and agricultural robot suits. Applications mentioned are robotic weeding, crop scouting, microspraying, and irrigation. Advantages of robots in agriculture are their ability to work continuously without breaks, reducing labor costs, high accuracy, quick work, and ability to perform dangerous tasks.
Agriculter Automation with the help of roboticsPrasoon Rawat
The document discusses agricultural robots and their applications. It notes that robots can perform dangerous, difficult, and laborious agricultural tasks. Some key points:
- Robots discussed include those for harvesting, weed control, forestry work, and fruit picking. Drones are also used in agriculture.
- Robots allow 24/7 operations, improve safety, reduce labor needs, and can work in dangerous conditions. However, they are expensive and not as adaptable as humans.
- A case study examines the economic feasibility of autonomous robotic vehicles for weed scouting, crop scouting, and grass cutting compared to conventional methods. It finds the robotic systems have higher costs per hectare but offer benefits like higher quality products
Agricultural robotics uses automation in agriculture to perform tasks with higher efficiency. Robots have advantages like collecting precise crop samples using sensors. Robotic techniques include autonomous weed removal and seed placement. Examples of agricultural robots discussed are the solar-powered Vitirover robot for vineyards and microflyers for scouting fields. Challenges include sensors, energy needs, and costs, but investment is growing as the market size is projected to increase substantially. Agricultural robots have the potential to improve farming productivity.
This document summarizes a project on Agrobot undertaken by students at Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering under the guidance of Mr. Amit Tripathi. The project aims to develop a robot that can help with various agricultural activities like seed sowing, fertilizer spraying, and weed removal to increase efficiency and sustainability. The robot will use an 89c2051 microcontroller, path sensing circuits, motors controlled via an L293D driver. It is meant to work across different weather conditions and navigate around obstacles in the field. Agricultural robots have applications in tasks like sheep shearing, field sowing, fruit picking and more.
Agricultural robots can perform tasks like harvesting, weed control, monitoring farms, and allowing farmers to increase efficiency and precision. Current agricultural robots include Demeter for harvesting, weed controllers, forest robots, and fruit picking robots. Future agricultural robots may include flying micro robots. Robots provide advantages like working continuously without rest, but disadvantages include potential liability issues and changing the culture of agriculture. Overall, robots can enhance productivity in agriculture by performing dangerous, repetitive tasks.
This document discusses agricultural robots and their uses. It begins with introductions to robots and agricultural robotics. Agricultural robots can be used for tasks like harvesting, weed control, forestry work, horticulture, and fruit picking. They allow processes like plowing, seeding, fertilizing, weeding and harvesting to be done with less manual labor, saving time and money. The document then describes a specific robot the author developed that can detect plant diseases using image processing and then spray only the affected plants with pesticide, reducing waste and pollution compared to uniform spraying. It concludes that this targeted treatment can help farmers better control diseases and pesticides in an environmentally friendly manner.
Agricultural robots can perform various agricultural tasks autonomously such as spraying, mechanical weed control, fruit picking, monitoring farms, and allowing farmers to increase efficiency and precision. Various types of agricultural robots are used for tasks like harvesting (Demeter robot), weed control, forestry work, horticulture, and fruit picking. Agricultural robots have advantages like collecting crop samples close to plants, applying chemicals precisely, and working continuously without needing rest. However, challenges include the costs of the technology and ensuring periodic human presence in fields. Future agricultural robots may include flying microbots and exoskeleton suits to assist with labor-intensive tasks.
This document discusses the use of agricultural robots, or agribots, to increase farming efficiency and meet future food production needs. An example is given of an autonomous agribot powered by solar energy that can perform tasks like plowing, seeding, irrigation, pest control, and crop monitoring. The robots have the functionalities of surveying crop growth and facilitating automated harvesting. Advances in sensors and control systems allow agribots to optimally manage resources and pests/diseases. Intelligent sensing robots may be capable of targeted spraying and selectively harvesting only ripe fruits. One challenge is the cost of developing robots for specialized tasks like strawberry picking, which currently require government subsidies. Miniature robots open up new possibilities for more
The document discusses Isaac Asimov's three laws of robotics and proposes a zeroth law. It then discusses the definition, components, and types of agricultural robots. The key components are sensors, controllers, actuators, end effectors like grippers. Types discussed include harvesting robots like Demeter, weed control robots, forester robots, fruit picking robots, drones, and agricultural robot suits. Applications mentioned are robotic weeding, crop scouting, microspraying, and irrigation. Advantages of robots in agriculture are their ability to work continuously without breaks, reducing labor costs, high accuracy, quick work, and ability to perform dangerous tasks.
Agriculter Automation with the help of roboticsPrasoon Rawat
The document discusses agricultural robots and their applications. It notes that robots can perform dangerous, difficult, and laborious agricultural tasks. Some key points:
- Robots discussed include those for harvesting, weed control, forestry work, and fruit picking. Drones are also used in agriculture.
- Robots allow 24/7 operations, improve safety, reduce labor needs, and can work in dangerous conditions. However, they are expensive and not as adaptable as humans.
- A case study examines the economic feasibility of autonomous robotic vehicles for weed scouting, crop scouting, and grass cutting compared to conventional methods. It finds the robotic systems have higher costs per hectare but offer benefits like higher quality products
Agricultural robotics uses automation in agriculture to perform tasks with higher efficiency. Robots have advantages like collecting precise crop samples using sensors. Robotic techniques include autonomous weed removal and seed placement. Examples of agricultural robots discussed are the solar-powered Vitirover robot for vineyards and microflyers for scouting fields. Challenges include sensors, energy needs, and costs, but investment is growing as the market size is projected to increase substantially. Agricultural robots have the potential to improve farming productivity.
Current methods for off-road navigation using vehicle and terrain models to predict future vehicle response are limited by the accuracy of the models they use and can suffer if the world is unknown or if conditions change and the models become inaccurate .In this paper, an adaptive approach is presented that closes the loop around the vehicle predictions. This approach is applied to an autonomous vehicle known as field robots used in agriculture.
Agricultural Robots or agribot is a robot deployed for agricultural purposes. The main area of application of robots in agriculture is at the harvesting stage. Fruit picking robots, driverless tractor / sprayer, and sheep shearing robots are designed to replace human labor. In most cases, a lot of factors have to be considered (e.g., the size and color of the fruit to be picked) before the commencement of a task. Robots can be used for other horticultural tasks such as pruning, weeding, spraying and monitoring. Robots can also be used in livestock applications (livestock robotics) such as automatic milking, washing and castrating. Robots like these have many benefits for the agricultural industry, including a higher quality of fresh produce, lower production costs, and a smaller need for manual labor.
This is the new technology to increase food production mostly horticulture production and also used in Agronomic crop production. This technology can overcome many problems which create problems at farm level as well as storage level.
An agricultural robot is a robot deployed for agricultural purposes. ... Emerging applications of robots or drones in agriculture include weed control, cloud seeding, planting seeds, harvesting, environmental monitoring and soil analysis.
Agricultural robots automate slow, repetitive, and dull tasks for farmers, allowing them to focus more on improving overall production yields. Some of the most common robots in agriculture are used for: Harvesting and picking.
The document describes a project to design an automatic robot for pest controlling in agriculture. It aims to reduce the manual work and health hazards farmers face when spraying pesticides. The proposed solution is an autonomous robot that can be remotely controlled to spray pesticides on crops. It is expected to minimize the workload on farmers and reduce the risks of breathing problems associated with pesticide spraying. The robot would use sensors, motors and a remote control system to spray liquids at a distance across fields and varied surfaces.
This document summarizes a project on Hortibot, an agricultural robot for weed control. It introduces the robot and its computer vision-based guidance system. The main function of Hortibot is weed control through automated weeding within row bands of crops using advanced computer vision navigation. It works autonomously, carrying weeding tools for multiple rows based on row detection. The advantages are reduced labor costs and efficient herbicide use. The disadvantages include high initial costs, difficult spare parts availability, and needing professional operators. In conclusion, the government should promote Hortibot to help local farmers increase productivity.
This document discusses the future of robotic agriculture. It begins with an introduction to robots and their ability to perform complex tasks automatically. It then outlines various types of agricultural robots, including those that can harvest crops, apply pesticides precisely via computer vision, and more. The document discusses the need for robotic agriculture to help with labor-intensive tasks. It explores applications like harvesting and utilities. Benefits include reduced pesticide use and focusing farmers on yields. Challenges involve jobs loss and high costs initially. The conclusion is that robotic opportunities in agriculture are vast and the technology can help overcome problems.
Artificial intelligence can benefit the agriculture sector by increasing productivity and sustainability. As the global population grows, AI technologies like drones, automated systems, agricultural robots, remote sensing, and decision support systems can help monitor crop conditions, identify issues, automate processes, and support farmers' decisions. While these applications may have initial financial and expertise barriers, their benefits include enhanced crop yields, quality and safety, efficient farm management, and reduced risks. Overall, AI can help modernize agriculture and optimize outputs to better feed the world's growing population.
This is based on a research study on the application of drone technology in India and showcase the benefits of its applicability to the agricultural sector in rendering services which in the past tends to be very tedious in executing.
This document discusses the use of agricultural drones and their various sensor technologies. It describes how visual, multispectral, thermal, LIDAR and hyperspectral sensors can be used for tasks like aerial mapping, plant health monitoring, livestock detection and precision agriculture. Examples are given of drone applications like chemical spraying, crop scouting and inventory management. The document also notes challenges for agricultural drones, such as limited battery life and the need for reliable data networks to download drone images and videos.
Agriculture may be a major business and therefore the foundation of the economy. In 2016, the calculable worth additional by the agriculture business was calculable at but one percent people GDP. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that agriculture contributes regarding $ 330 billion annually to the economy.
The document discusses the use of robots in agriculture. It begins with an introduction to robots and their main components. The next sections cover the need for agricultural robots, types of robots used, and how they are applied in tasks like spraying, weeding, harvesting. The document also discusses autonomous robots, tele-controlled robots and examples like fruit picking robots. It explores the future scope of robot suits and solar-powered robots. In conclusion, robots can benefit agriculture by improving efficiency, productivity and product quality while reducing labor costs and use of pesticides.
Internet of Things ( IOT) in AgricultureAmey Khebade
IOT applications in agriculture allow farmers to more efficiently monitor soil conditions, control irrigation, and track livestock. Sensors can measure soil moisture and temperature to automate irrigation only when needed, reducing water and fertilizer waste. Wireless sensors attached to cows generate health and location data to help farmers. Drones and smart irrigation systems also help optimize crop growth and resource use through remote monitoring and automated controls.
Automation in agriculture is increasing to address issues like a growing population, labor shortages, and the need for more sustainable and efficient food production. Agricultural robots and autonomous machines are being developed for tasks like fruit picking, tractor operation, pruning, weeding, spraying, milking, and crop monitoring using drones. Automation provides benefits like increased productivity, uniformity of work, reduced labor needs and costs, but also has drawbacks such as high initial costs and a potential reduction in job opportunities. Future trends include using robots for precision pruning and indoor vertical farms for lettuce production.
prospects of artificial intelligence in agVikash Kumar
This document provides an overview of artificial intelligence (AI) and its applications in agriculture. It discusses how AI is used in agriculture for automated farming activities, pest and disease identification, crop quality management, and environmental monitoring. The document also covers perspectives on AI progression, from narrow to general to super AI. It discusses recent AI developments in India and applications in agriculture like precision farming, yield prediction, and optimized resource use. Limitations of AI include data and infrastructure challenges. The document concludes that AI can boost agriculture through optimized resource use and complement farmer decision making.
This document discusses how artificial intelligence can be used in agriculture to address challenges of increasing global food demand. It outlines how AI is being applied to automate farming activities, identify plant diseases, monitor crop quality and environmental factors. Specific AI applications mentioned include using machine learning on drone and satellite images to predict weather, analyze crop health and detect pests or deficiencies. Autonomous tractors and irrigation systems are discussed as ways AI can make farming more efficient by performing tasks with less labor and optimizing resource use. The conclusion states that AI can help resolve resource scarcity and complement farmer decision making to help feed a growing global population.
Smart agriculture uses modern technologies like sensors, drones, robotics and IOT to increase crop yields and quality. It allows for smart irrigation, livestock monitoring, weather monitoring and remote soil monitoring. An automated greenhouse uses computer control of climate and environment to grow crops with 45% less inputs, 60% less labor, and 65% more efficiency. The technology could boost India's agricultural production and food security, though initial costs are high and many small farmers currently lack education to implement it.
Early detection of diseases, precision agriculture through IoT sensors, and calculating crop yields using drone images and AI are three promising use cases for applying AI to agriculture. AI can help farmers detect plant diseases earlier through image analysis of crop fields, optimize water and pesticide use through real-time soil and environment monitoring, and estimate crop yields automatically. These applications of AI could significantly impact farmers and national economies by improving agricultural outcomes.
This document discusses the development of an autonomous robot for pest control in agriculture. It aims to provide a safer alternative to manual pesticide spraying by having a robot navigate crop rows and evenly spray pesticides. The robot was tested under grapevine trellises and shown to make precise, recordable spraying operations. Such agricultural robots, called agrobots, allow decreased manual labor while optimizing pesticide use through precise, targeted applications. The document presents the design of an agrobot controlled remotely via an RF transmitter and receiver to navigate and spray pesticides in fields or greenhouses.
This document describes the development of an agricultural robot sprayer and evaluation of different user interfaces for human-robot interaction. It discusses the technical specifications of the robot platform used and modifications made to integrate a sprayer. Various user interface designs were implemented and tested in field experiments, including web-based and augmented reality interfaces. Preliminary findings showed that interfaces providing views from multiple cameras led to better task performance and fewer collisions compared to a single camera view. Further work is still needed to address additional technical challenges of agricultural robotics and improve the usability of interfaces.
Current methods for off-road navigation using vehicle and terrain models to predict future vehicle response are limited by the accuracy of the models they use and can suffer if the world is unknown or if conditions change and the models become inaccurate .In this paper, an adaptive approach is presented that closes the loop around the vehicle predictions. This approach is applied to an autonomous vehicle known as field robots used in agriculture.
Agricultural Robots or agribot is a robot deployed for agricultural purposes. The main area of application of robots in agriculture is at the harvesting stage. Fruit picking robots, driverless tractor / sprayer, and sheep shearing robots are designed to replace human labor. In most cases, a lot of factors have to be considered (e.g., the size and color of the fruit to be picked) before the commencement of a task. Robots can be used for other horticultural tasks such as pruning, weeding, spraying and monitoring. Robots can also be used in livestock applications (livestock robotics) such as automatic milking, washing and castrating. Robots like these have many benefits for the agricultural industry, including a higher quality of fresh produce, lower production costs, and a smaller need for manual labor.
This is the new technology to increase food production mostly horticulture production and also used in Agronomic crop production. This technology can overcome many problems which create problems at farm level as well as storage level.
An agricultural robot is a robot deployed for agricultural purposes. ... Emerging applications of robots or drones in agriculture include weed control, cloud seeding, planting seeds, harvesting, environmental monitoring and soil analysis.
Agricultural robots automate slow, repetitive, and dull tasks for farmers, allowing them to focus more on improving overall production yields. Some of the most common robots in agriculture are used for: Harvesting and picking.
The document describes a project to design an automatic robot for pest controlling in agriculture. It aims to reduce the manual work and health hazards farmers face when spraying pesticides. The proposed solution is an autonomous robot that can be remotely controlled to spray pesticides on crops. It is expected to minimize the workload on farmers and reduce the risks of breathing problems associated with pesticide spraying. The robot would use sensors, motors and a remote control system to spray liquids at a distance across fields and varied surfaces.
This document summarizes a project on Hortibot, an agricultural robot for weed control. It introduces the robot and its computer vision-based guidance system. The main function of Hortibot is weed control through automated weeding within row bands of crops using advanced computer vision navigation. It works autonomously, carrying weeding tools for multiple rows based on row detection. The advantages are reduced labor costs and efficient herbicide use. The disadvantages include high initial costs, difficult spare parts availability, and needing professional operators. In conclusion, the government should promote Hortibot to help local farmers increase productivity.
This document discusses the future of robotic agriculture. It begins with an introduction to robots and their ability to perform complex tasks automatically. It then outlines various types of agricultural robots, including those that can harvest crops, apply pesticides precisely via computer vision, and more. The document discusses the need for robotic agriculture to help with labor-intensive tasks. It explores applications like harvesting and utilities. Benefits include reduced pesticide use and focusing farmers on yields. Challenges involve jobs loss and high costs initially. The conclusion is that robotic opportunities in agriculture are vast and the technology can help overcome problems.
Artificial intelligence can benefit the agriculture sector by increasing productivity and sustainability. As the global population grows, AI technologies like drones, automated systems, agricultural robots, remote sensing, and decision support systems can help monitor crop conditions, identify issues, automate processes, and support farmers' decisions. While these applications may have initial financial and expertise barriers, their benefits include enhanced crop yields, quality and safety, efficient farm management, and reduced risks. Overall, AI can help modernize agriculture and optimize outputs to better feed the world's growing population.
This is based on a research study on the application of drone technology in India and showcase the benefits of its applicability to the agricultural sector in rendering services which in the past tends to be very tedious in executing.
This document discusses the use of agricultural drones and their various sensor technologies. It describes how visual, multispectral, thermal, LIDAR and hyperspectral sensors can be used for tasks like aerial mapping, plant health monitoring, livestock detection and precision agriculture. Examples are given of drone applications like chemical spraying, crop scouting and inventory management. The document also notes challenges for agricultural drones, such as limited battery life and the need for reliable data networks to download drone images and videos.
Agriculture may be a major business and therefore the foundation of the economy. In 2016, the calculable worth additional by the agriculture business was calculable at but one percent people GDP. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that agriculture contributes regarding $ 330 billion annually to the economy.
The document discusses the use of robots in agriculture. It begins with an introduction to robots and their main components. The next sections cover the need for agricultural robots, types of robots used, and how they are applied in tasks like spraying, weeding, harvesting. The document also discusses autonomous robots, tele-controlled robots and examples like fruit picking robots. It explores the future scope of robot suits and solar-powered robots. In conclusion, robots can benefit agriculture by improving efficiency, productivity and product quality while reducing labor costs and use of pesticides.
Internet of Things ( IOT) in AgricultureAmey Khebade
IOT applications in agriculture allow farmers to more efficiently monitor soil conditions, control irrigation, and track livestock. Sensors can measure soil moisture and temperature to automate irrigation only when needed, reducing water and fertilizer waste. Wireless sensors attached to cows generate health and location data to help farmers. Drones and smart irrigation systems also help optimize crop growth and resource use through remote monitoring and automated controls.
Automation in agriculture is increasing to address issues like a growing population, labor shortages, and the need for more sustainable and efficient food production. Agricultural robots and autonomous machines are being developed for tasks like fruit picking, tractor operation, pruning, weeding, spraying, milking, and crop monitoring using drones. Automation provides benefits like increased productivity, uniformity of work, reduced labor needs and costs, but also has drawbacks such as high initial costs and a potential reduction in job opportunities. Future trends include using robots for precision pruning and indoor vertical farms for lettuce production.
prospects of artificial intelligence in agVikash Kumar
This document provides an overview of artificial intelligence (AI) and its applications in agriculture. It discusses how AI is used in agriculture for automated farming activities, pest and disease identification, crop quality management, and environmental monitoring. The document also covers perspectives on AI progression, from narrow to general to super AI. It discusses recent AI developments in India and applications in agriculture like precision farming, yield prediction, and optimized resource use. Limitations of AI include data and infrastructure challenges. The document concludes that AI can boost agriculture through optimized resource use and complement farmer decision making.
This document discusses how artificial intelligence can be used in agriculture to address challenges of increasing global food demand. It outlines how AI is being applied to automate farming activities, identify plant diseases, monitor crop quality and environmental factors. Specific AI applications mentioned include using machine learning on drone and satellite images to predict weather, analyze crop health and detect pests or deficiencies. Autonomous tractors and irrigation systems are discussed as ways AI can make farming more efficient by performing tasks with less labor and optimizing resource use. The conclusion states that AI can help resolve resource scarcity and complement farmer decision making to help feed a growing global population.
Smart agriculture uses modern technologies like sensors, drones, robotics and IOT to increase crop yields and quality. It allows for smart irrigation, livestock monitoring, weather monitoring and remote soil monitoring. An automated greenhouse uses computer control of climate and environment to grow crops with 45% less inputs, 60% less labor, and 65% more efficiency. The technology could boost India's agricultural production and food security, though initial costs are high and many small farmers currently lack education to implement it.
Early detection of diseases, precision agriculture through IoT sensors, and calculating crop yields using drone images and AI are three promising use cases for applying AI to agriculture. AI can help farmers detect plant diseases earlier through image analysis of crop fields, optimize water and pesticide use through real-time soil and environment monitoring, and estimate crop yields automatically. These applications of AI could significantly impact farmers and national economies by improving agricultural outcomes.
This document discusses the development of an autonomous robot for pest control in agriculture. It aims to provide a safer alternative to manual pesticide spraying by having a robot navigate crop rows and evenly spray pesticides. The robot was tested under grapevine trellises and shown to make precise, recordable spraying operations. Such agricultural robots, called agrobots, allow decreased manual labor while optimizing pesticide use through precise, targeted applications. The document presents the design of an agrobot controlled remotely via an RF transmitter and receiver to navigate and spray pesticides in fields or greenhouses.
This document describes the development of an agricultural robot sprayer and evaluation of different user interfaces for human-robot interaction. It discusses the technical specifications of the robot platform used and modifications made to integrate a sprayer. Various user interface designs were implemented and tested in field experiments, including web-based and augmented reality interfaces. Preliminary findings showed that interfaces providing views from multiple cameras led to better task performance and fewer collisions compared to a single camera view. Further work is still needed to address additional technical challenges of agricultural robotics and improve the usability of interfaces.
This document summarizes research on human-robot interaction for agricultural spraying robots. It finds that pointing devices like mice and digital pens were more effective than gesture controls for target selection. The research evaluated different interaction modes for selecting grape clusters for selective spraying. Results from user questionnaires and log files showed that pointing devices were rated more positively and allowed users to select more targets compared to a gesture-based interface. The conclusion is that pointing devices provide better usability for target selection tasks with agricultural spraying robots.
Agricultural robot (1) robo hub Automation, Embedded projectjovin Richard
-This is a prototype of Autonomous Agricultural Robot that could do all the field works like Poughing,Sowing,Fertilizing and Monitors all task.
-This will also protect the farmers from harmful effects of handling chemicals by hand.
-This is used to improve production efficiency and Plant nutrient deficiency diagnosis is replaced by digital image processing instead of human eye.
-The whole process of working system is carried out by using program ADRIUNO IDE and the image process is carried using Raspberry pi board which is proposedby python. The python in plat formed in Linux software in the raspberry board.
This document provides an overview of robots and robotics. It defines a robot as a re-programmable machine that can perform tasks automatically in place of humans, especially in hazardous environments. The document then discusses the history and origins of the words "robot" and "robotics." It also outlines some of the key parts of industrial robots like sensors, effectors, actuators, controllers, and arms. Finally, it briefly describes different types of robots and their applications as well as some advantages and disadvantages of robotics.
Robotics is the study and application of robot technology. The term "robot" was first coined in 1920 and comes from the Czech word for forced labor. There are several types of robots including industrial robots used in manufacturing, mobile robots that can move autonomously, educational robots used in classrooms, and domestic robots for household tasks. The main components of a robot include its manipulator or rover body, end effectors for interacting with the environment, actuators that provide movement, sensors for awareness of surroundings, a controller for coordination, and software for operation. Robots are used for a variety of purposes like dangerous, repetitive, or impossible tasks that can assist or replace humans.
This document discusses human-robot interaction and focuses on gesture identification. It provides background on how robots are being used in more complex tasks that require interaction with humans. The fundamental goal of human-robot interaction is to develop principles and algorithms that allow robots to directly, safely and effectively interact with people. The document also discusses how science fiction works have explored concepts like the three laws of robotics and how humans and robots may interact in society.
This document describes a human-robot interaction system based on gesture identification. The system uses an accelerometer worn on the hand to detect gestures and transmit the gesture data wirelessly via Zigbee to a PIC microcontroller. The microcontroller then directs a three-wheeled robot to mirror the detected gestures by moving in accordance. The system aims to allow intuitive control of a robot through natural hand gestures without any specialized training.
This document discusses human robot interaction (HRI) and provides examples of modern robots. It begins by defining HRI and outlining Isaac Asimov's three laws of robotics, which aim to ensure safe interaction between humans and robots. Examples are then given of three robots: Valkyrie, a humanoid robot designed by NASA; Schaft, a robot that won a DARPA competition; and CHIMP, a tracked mobile robot. The document concludes by asking what future robots may look like.
A sensor is a device that measures attributes of the environment. Sensors allow humanoid robots to sense their own position and movement using proprioceptive sensors like accelerometers and tilt sensors. Exteroceptive sensors allow humanoids to sense the outside world through vision, touch, sound and force sensors. Actuators are motors that mimic human muscles and joints to enable motion. Common actuator types for humanoids include electric, pneumatic, hydraulic, piezoelectric and ultrasonic actuators. Well-known humanoid robots include Honda's Asimo, WABOT-1, and robots developed by Anthropic. Humanoid robots offer advantages like performing tasks humans cannot or do not want to do, working efficiently without mistakes
This document discusses humanoid robots and their development. It begins with introducing the contents which include the introduction, definitions of robots, history of humanoid robots, developments in robotics, current trends like robotic tele-surgery, applications in areas like manufacturing and households, future developments like agricultural robots and nanorobots, and a conclusion. It then discusses mental and physical agency and provides examples. The history section outlines major milestones in humanoid robots from ancient statues to modern ones like ASIMO. Developments in robotics are described as involving early modern technologies, new functions, and abilities. Current trends and applications are outlined in different areas. The future developments section predicts technologies in various fields out to 2050. In conclusion,
Skybus metro is a proposed rail system with elevated tracks and suspended coaches that aims to provide improved public transportation. It would help address increasing traffic issues plaguing cities due to population growth and improper planning. Some key advantages are that it takes up little space, is rail-based allowing for mass transit capacity, does not divide cities, and is not prone to derailment, capsizing, or vandalism while being noise and pollution free. The proposed skybus system uses elevated concrete tracks supported by columns to run standard railway coaches and bogies below. This allows carrying more passengers using less structural weight compared to traditional trains. Capital costs for skybus metro are also much lower at 45-50 crores per km compared to 230
The document discusses a proposed new urban transportation system called Sky Bus. Some key points:
1) Sky Bus is a suspended railway system that operates on an elevated track parallel to existing roads, without interfering with traffic below. It is intended to provide pollution-free, noise-free, and air-conditioned transit.
2) The system consists of lightweight coaches running on an enclosed box-like track supported by columns. It can carry a high volume of passengers and cargo at speeds up to 100 kmph.
3) Stations require less space than conventional subway stations. Entry is via electronic swiping cards. The system can shift between routes using traverser arrangements.
4) Sky Bus is
The document discusses the history and types of robots. It begins by explaining how early human labor led to the development of machines to perform repetitive tasks. This technological advancement eventually led to the creation of autonomous robots in 1948. The document then outlines different types of robots categorized by locomotion and application. It discusses advantages like performing dangerous tasks but also disadvantages like costs. Finally, it suggests that in the future humans and robots may complement each other and live and work together.
This chapter discusses robot end effectors. It explains that end effectors, mounted on the robot wrist, allow the robot to perform tasks and that different end effectors can be used to make the robot more flexible. It provides examples of common end effectors like grippers, tools, cameras and cutting tools. It also describes different types of grippers and actuation methods for end effectors like electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic systems. Finally, it discusses the use of tools as end effectors for specific manufacturing tasks like welding, painting and drilling.
The document describes a hybrid robot prototype being developed by a university team for both military and agricultural applications. Through customer interviews, the team identified several potential pivots for the product, including focusing on agriculture over military markets due to a larger potential customer base, using a separate ground robot to carry an air robot due to longer flight times needed for agriculture, and offering leasing or service options instead of just selling the product directly to farmers. The team incorporated these pivots into their final plan to target the large agriculture market with a robotic system providing inspection, monitoring, and other services.
Kỹ thuật rô-bốt là môn khoa học công nghệ mới được giảng dạy ở hầu hết các trường đại học kỹ thuật cho sinh viên các chuyên ngành: Cơ khí chế tạo, Cơ điện tử, Tự động hóa, Khoa học máy tính,...
Agricultural robots can perform various agricultural tasks like plowing, seeding, fertilizing, weeding, harvesting and spraying. They are beneficial as they can work continuously without needing rest. Various types of agricultural robots exist like Demeter for harvesting, weed controllers, forester robots, fruit picking robots and more. Agricultural robots have advantages like being able to work in hazardous environments, collect crop samples up close, apply chemicals precisely and reduce environmental impact. Their use is increasing and they may change how crop production is done in the future through swarms of smaller machines.
This document discusses how robotics and automation can help increase agricultural productivity and efficiency to meet rising global food demands. It provides examples of different types of agricultural robots currently being developed and used, such as fruit picking robots, drones for crop monitoring, forestry robots, and weed removal robots. The benefits of agricultural robots include reducing manual labor needs, increasing production speeds and yields, allowing 24-hour operation, and improving precision. Swarm robotics approaches using multiple small robots working cooperatively, such as projects involving "Robobees," are also discussed as a potential solution for pollination.
This document discusses the use of robotics in the food processing industry. It provides an introduction and overview of the history and components of robots. It then discusses the various types of robots used in specific food industry applications, including meat processing, fruit and vegetable processing, dairy processing, and packaging. Reasons for automating food processing are also outlined, along with the components and types of robots commonly used. Examples of robotic applications in specific food sectors like meat, dairy, and fruit and vegetable processing are also summarized.
This document discusses machine learning and robotics applications in agriculture. It provides examples of machine learning like self-driving cars and product recommendations. It also discusses advantages like identifying trends/patterns with no human intervention. Agricultural robots discussed include crop harvesting robots, weeding robots, and aerial drones. Challenges of machine learning in agriculture include damage from incorrect robot calibration. Applications discussed are species management, field condition management, crop management, disease and weed detection. Specific agricultural robots and their uses are also outlined.
Revolutionizing Agriculture with Robots.pptxADISHPRAMOD
Agriculture robots have the potential to revolutionize farming by performing tasks more efficiently and sustainably. They can automate labor-intensive jobs like planting, harvesting, and monitoring crops. This reduces costs and labor needs while improving yields. Current robot types include autonomous tractors, harvesting machines, weeding systems and drones. Future agriculture robots may be more autonomous, multi-functional and specialized through advances in AI, robotics and data analysis. While high upfront costs remain a challenge, robotics have significant advantages for increasing agricultural productivity and yields over time through precision farming.
AUTOMATION IN COCONUT POWDER MAKING: A CONCEPT nitheshdnayak
The development of automation system is done with the help of robots and smart intelligence technology where the entire process from coconut hard shell removing to its powder form with the help of an armed robot with customized design end effectors and intelligent conveyor system for the easy movement of the coconut. This can be utilized to improve the efficiency, reduction in production cost and labor issues.
Simon Blackmore, Head of Agriculture Robotics - Harper Adams UniversityFIRA
The document discusses Simon Blackmore's work as the Head of Agricultural Robotics at Harper Adams University and Director of the National Centre for Precision Farming. It provides details about Harper Adams University, its engineering programs, and research into robotic agriculture. It outlines various robotic systems being developed for agricultural tasks like crop scouting, weeding, seeding and harvesting. It discusses the potential benefits of robotics and autonomous systems for making farming more sustainable, flexible and efficient. It also addresses some common misconceptions about the implications and applications of robotic agriculture.
The document discusses industrial robots, including their basic components, types of joints, movement and precision, power sources, sensors, end effectors, and applications. An industrial robot generally consists of rigid links connected by joints to form an arm with an end effector or hand. It is controlled by a computer and can be programmed to perform automated tasks through variable motions. The document covers various robotic systems and their use in manufacturing.
This Presentation is the Brief Introduction of the Adopted New Technology of Industry about the Robotics and also represent that What is actual Robot.
This is Basic Introduction about the Robotics.
This document provides an overview of robotics and artificial intelligence. It defines robotics as the science and technology of robots, their design, manufacture, and application. It discusses the history and development of robots from early designs by Leonardo da Vinci to modern industrial robots. The document also describes different types of robots including pick and place robots, continuous path control robots, and sensory robots. It outlines applications of robots in areas like manufacturing, space exploration, agriculture, and more. Finally, it introduces artificial intelligence concepts like autonomous agents and behavior engineering and provides examples of AI robots like SPOT, Fresh Kitty, and the humanoid robot COG.
Collaborative robots, or cobots, are designed to safely work alongside humans in a shared workspace. This presentation discusses various cobots including ABB Yumi, Baxter, and UR5. It covers their key features such as safety mechanisms, ease of use, applications in assembly and material handling, and benefits for customers. Various collaborative operation modes are also presented, such as power and force limiting where contact with humans can occur safely.
Agriculter in robotics are the future technology which depends to grow the agriculture and develop the agri products and food likes paddy, carrot, etc.,,
Industrial robots were first developed in the 1950s and have since been used widely in factory automation. An industrial robot typically consists of a controller, robotic arm, end effector, drive system, and sensors. The controller acts as the robot's brain and allows its parts to operate together through programmed instructions. Robots provide benefits such as increased efficiency, higher product quality, improved worker safety, and longer working hours compared to humans. However, robots also have disadvantages like high initial capital costs, requiring expertise to program and operate, and some limitations in the tasks they can perform. Overall, robots can help improve manufacturing productivity if implemented as part of a well-integrated automated system.
IRJET-Design and Fabrication of Multipurpose Agro SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a multipurpose agricultural robot. The robot is intended to perform operations like automatic seeding and digging. It uses a microcontroller to wirelessly control operations. Sensors are also included to monitor soil moisture. The robot aims to reduce labor costs and improve crop yields. It was created by a group of five students and their professor to develop an affordable solution that can perform multiple agricultural functions automatically.
Automation and Robotics 20ME51I WEEK 8 Theory notes.pdfGandhibabu8
The document provides an overview of fundamentals of robotics, including:
- Definitions of robots and industrial robots. Robots are computer-controlled machines that can be programmed to manipulate objects and accomplish tasks.
- Components of industrial robots including the mechanical unit, drive system, control system, and tooling attached to the wrist.
- Configurations of robots such as articulated, polar, SCARA, Cartesian, cylindrical, and delta robots which differ in their axes of movement and work volumes.
- Degrees of freedom refer to the independent movements a robot can perform and most robots have five to six degrees of freedom allowing positioning and orientation.
- End effectors like grippers attach
This document discusses robotics and its potential future applications. It defines a robot as a machine that can sense its environment and interact with the physical world. The technology of robotics is presented as an important part of mechatronics with applications in nano-techniques, smart machine technology, and control of complex systems like humanoid robots and vehicles. Different types of robots are described including mobile, rolling, walking, remote-control, and virtual robots. Advantages include performing dangerous tasks while disadvantages include potential job losses and high costs. The document concludes that intelligent robots will offer novel applications in areas like space, underwater environments, construction, and embedded systems.
Pivot System and Robotics in Agriculture.DevikaAr2
Centre pivot irrigation systems use overhead sprinklers mounted on a series of pipes that rotate around a central pivot point, watering circular sections of crops. Key components include the pivot point, control panel, spans to carry water and sprinklers, and drive units with wheels. While initially costly, these systems provide efficient irrigation with less water than traditional methods and can cover uneven terrain. Robotic technologies are also being applied to agriculture through devices that can autonomously perform tasks like weeding, spraying, harvesting and monitoring crops under human supervision. Sensors, controllers, actuators and end effectors allow robots to navigate and interact with fields. Both centre pivots and agricultural robots have the potential to increase productivity and efficiency while reducing labor needs.
Selective herbicides control specific weed species while leaving the desired crop relatively unharmed, while non-selective herbicides (sometimes called total weed killers in commercial products) can be used to clear waste ground, industrial and construction sites, railways and railway embankments as they kill all plant material with which they come into contact. Apart from selective/non-selective, other important distinctions include persistence (also known as residual action: how long the product stays in place and remains active), means of uptake (whether it is absorbed by above-ground foliage only, through the roots, or by other means), and mechanism of action (how it works). Historically, products such as common salt and other metal salts were used as herbicides, however, these have gradually fallen out of favor, and in some countries, a number of these are banned due to their persistence in soil, and toxicity and groundwater contamination concerns. Herbicides have also been used in warfare and conflict.
Being sprayed onto crops weed killer machine is good to remove weeds so this is used edit
In a domestic gardens, methods of weed control include covering an area of ground with a material that creates an unsuitable environment for weed growth, known as a weed mat. For example, several layers of wet newspaper prevent light from reaching plants beneath, which kills them.
In the case of black plastic, the greenhouse effect kills the plants. Although the black plastic sheet is effective at preventing weeds that it covers, it is difficult to achieve complete coverage. Eradicating persistent perennials may require the sheets to be left in place for at least two seasons.[citation needed]
Some plants are said to produce root exudates that suppress herbaceous weeds. Tagetes minuta is claimed to be effective against couch and ground elder,[5] whilst a border of comfrey is also said to act as a barrier against the invasion of some weeds including couch. A 5–10 centimetres (2.0–3.9 in) layer of wood chip mulch prevents some weeds from sprouting.
Gravel can serve as an inorganic mulch.
Irrigation is sometimes used as a weed control measure such as in the case of paddy fields to kill any plant other than the water-tolerant rice crop.
Manual removal
edit
Tools used for amateur weeding include spades and gloves
Weeds are removed manually in large parts of India.
Many gardeners still remove weeds by manually pulling them out of the ground, making sure to include the roots that would otherwise allow some to re-sprout.
Hoeing off weed leaves and stems as soon as they appear can eventually weaken and kill perennials, although this will require persistence in the case of plants such as bindweed. Nettle infestations can be tackled by cutting back at least three times a year, repeated over a three-year period. Bramble can be dealt with in a similar way.
A highly successful, mostly manual, removal programme of weed control in natural bush land has been us
This document provides an introduction to robotics, including definitions, classifications of robots, robot coordinates, work volumes, reference frames, applications, and end effectors. It discusses the difference between automation and robots, defines key robotics terminology, and outlines Isaac Asimov's three laws of robotics. Examples of ideal robot tasks are given, along with a timeline of important developments in robotics history. Common robot configurations, work envelopes, and wrist motions are described. The document also covers robot programming, control methods, actuators, sensors, performance measures, and different types of end effectors including mechanical grippers and gripper mechanisms.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
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Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
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In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
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Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
Agricultural Robotics
1.
2.
3.
4. • The word robot was derived from the Czech word robota – forced labor or
work.
• A robot is a mechanical, artificial agent and is usually an
electromechanical system.
• The robot is able to autonomously, according to the program, or under
the control of a man running, most dangerous, difficult and laborious, and
perseveringand precisetasks.
5. Agricultural Robotics is the logical
proliferation of automation technology into
biosystems such as agriculture, forestry,
green house, horticulture etc.
In agriculture, the opportunities for robot-
enhanced productivity are immense – and
the robots are appearing on farms in
various guises and in increasing numbers.
The idea of robotic agriculture is not a new
6. •Robots can move and sense.
•They require multiple sensors and controls that allow
them to move in an unknown environment.
9. • The sensors send information, in the form of
electronic signals back to the controller.
• Sensors can give the robot controller
information about its surroundings.
• Robots can be designed and programmed to
get specific information that is beyond what our
five senses can tell us.
10. • It is also called as computer
• The controller functions as the "brain" of the robot.
• The controller also allows the robot to be networked
to other systems, so that it may work together with
other machines, processes, or robots.
11.
12. • The drive or actuator is the “engine” of the robot.
• An actuator is defined as “a mechanical device that produces
motion.”
Hydraulic motor
Pneumatic motor
Stepper motor
Dc motor
Servo motor
13.
14. • Usually, a robot’s arm is like a human arm with a shoulder, elbow,
wrist, and fingers
• The arm is the part of the robot that positions the end-effectors
and sensors to do their pre- programmed business.
15. The end effectors means the last link (or end) of the
robot.
At this endpoint the tools are attached. In a wider sense,
end effectors can be seen as the part of a robot that
interacts with the work environment.
Examples of end-effectors are
• Gripper
• Vacuum pump
• Tweezers
• Scalpel
• Blowtorch.
17. In the fully-automated Farm of the Future, dedicated robots
will take on the tough farming jobs that once could be done
only by people.
It is not just on the ground that technology promises to
transform farming. Unmanned Air Vehicles, or drones, are
also coming into play on farms.
21. • Demeter (used for harvesting)
• Weed control robot
• Forester robot
• Fruit picking robot
• Drones
• Agriculture robot suit
22. – Demeter has cameras on it that can detect the
difference between the crop that has been cut and crop
that hasn’t.
– Demeter can drive, steer, and control the cutter head
while the operator can focus on other tasks.
– It can follow the path with an accuracy of up to 3
centimeters.
23.
24. • A four-wheel-drive weed-seeking robot was developed by the
Danish Farm Research Authority.
• The task of the weed-removing device is to remove or destroy
the weed.
• An intelligent hoe uses vision systems to identify the rows of
crops, and steer itself accurately between them, considerably
reducing the need for herbicides.
• Weed identification is based on color photography.
25.
26. • This is a special type of robot used for cutting up
of wood, tending trees, and pruning of X- mass
tree.
• Used for harvesting pulp and hard wood and in
the forests.
• It employs a special jaws and axes for chopping
the branch.
28. –Pick ripe fruit without damaging the branches or leaves of
the tree.
–Mobility is a priority, and the robots must be able to
access all areas of the tree being harvested.
–The robot can distinguish between fruit and leaves by
using video image capturing.
–If a match is obtained, the fruit is picked.
30. –To get a bird’s eye view of the land
–Offers a quick and easy way to check on the progress
of crops and determine where they may need to
replant or direct pesticide applications.
31. Agriculture robot suit
• The robot suit is designed specifically to help out with
tough agricultural work like pulling radishes.
• The suit has eight motors fitted over the shoulders,
elbows, back and knees to provide a power boost to the
wearer.
• The current model weighs 55 pounds and uses 16
sensors to function.
33. –Knowing the position and severity of the weeds
robot can kill the weeds.
–Non-contact methods are being developed such
as laser treatments (Heisel 2001) and micro-
spraying.
Robotic weeding
34. –Collect timely and accurate information.
–Data collection would be less expensive and
timelier
Cropscouting
35. –One method of killing weeds close to the crop plants.
–Delivers very small amounts directly on to the weedleaf
–Machine vision can be used to identify the position of an
individual weed plant
Micro spraying
36. – A robotic irrigator in the form of a mechatronic
sprinkler (to simulate a travelling rain gun)
– Developed to apply variable rates of water and
chemigation to predefined areas.
– This system could not only apply the required water in
the right place but could irrigate into field corners.
irrigation
37. – Involves the concept of only harvesting those parts of
the crop that meet certain quality thresholds.
– Considered to be a type of pre sorting based on sensory
perception.
Selective harvesting
38.
39. Advantages of Robots
• Robots can work 24 hours a day, every day with no breaks.
• Robots don’t need to be paid wage (so money is saved).
• Robots are extremely accurate compared to humans, so
product quality is high.
• Robots can perform tasks more quickly than humans, so
more products can be made.
• Robots can work in very dangerous conditions.
40. Disadvantages of Robots
• Robots cannot easily adapt to unusual conditions like a
human being can (e.g. if an item on the line is not in correct
place, a human worker would notice and correct it).
• People are made unemployed because robots are doing their
job.
• Robots are very expensive and it can take several years to
pay for them.
41. Agricultural robots—system analysis and economic feasibility
S. M. Pedersen S. Fountas H. Have B. S. Blackmore
Published online: 27 July 2006 _ Springer Science + Business Media,
LLC 2006
42. • Study focuses on the economic feasibility of
applying autonomous robotic vehicles compared to
conventional systems in three different
applications: robotic weeding in high value crops
(particularly sugar beet), crop scouting in cereals
and grass cutting on golf courses.
OBJECTIVE
43. METHODOLOGY
• In all three scenarios, we compared the costs and
potential benefits of the potential commercial use
of autonomous vehicles with conventional
operations and management practices.
44. Case 1 : Fieldscouting
• In the field scouting scenario, we compared autonomous field scouting for
weeds in cereals with the manual detection of weeds.
• The autonomous system requires an API vehicle and cameras for weed
detection and mapping.
• The vehicle has a height clearance of 0.6 m and track width of 1 m.
• It is equipped with a Real Time Kinematics-Global Positioning System (RTK-
GPS) and, on the top of the frame, there is an operating console and an
implement for the agricultural operation, e.g. spraying or weeding tools.
• The vehicle communicates with the farm management PC for navigation,
according to the computed route plan, as well as collision avoidance .
45. • An aluminium frame,
• Four wheel-drive,
• Four-wheel steering with two motors per wheel, one
providing propulsion and the other steering to achieve
higher resistance to slippery terrains and more mobility
46. • For field scouting, the robotic system was
compared with manual detection of weeds.
Manual weed scouting is assumed to require
about 0.72 man h/year/ha.
• For autonomous field scouting using the API
platform
– Speed 3.6 km/h
– Width 12m
– Capacity 4.32 ha/h
47. Technical assumptions
Platform API SYSTEM
GPS system RTK – GPS
TOTAL AREA , ha 500
Speed , km/h 3.6
Width, m 12
Operation hours, h/day 16
Days for operation, days 7
Operation hours, h/year 116
Season for operation April – July
48. INVESTMENTS
INVESTMENTS EUROS € RUPEES ₹
API – system
(whole)
15,142 10,72,448.46
RTK – GPS 20,188 14,,29,931.28
Testing 2,692 1,90,676.39
Total investment 38,022 26,93,126.96
1 € = 70.83₹
49. COST STRUCTURE for robotic system
Cost structure € / YEAR RUPEES/YEAR
Capital costs 951 67,360.05
Depreciation 3,802 2,69,298.53
Maintenance 1,141 80,817.89
GPS- RTK signal yearly fee 1615 1,14,391.67
GPS- RTK signal costs,
variable costs
156 1,1049.60
Additional cost for fuel
loading
135 9,562.15
Total costs 7,799 5,52,409.06
Total cost €/ha/year – 15.6 (1,104.96 rs/ha/year)
50. Cost structure for conventional system
• Labour costs for manual weed detection
0.72h/ha/year (Pedersen 2003) at 27€/h – 19.4
(1374.12 rs)
• Total costs, €/ha/year - 19.4 (1374.12 rs/ha/year)
51. The autonomous field scouting system in
cereals reduces the costs by about 20%.
Sensitivity analysis
• Since the costs of the autonomous platform are based on estimated
costs of producing the platform, it might be the case that a
commercial selling price will be significantly higher.
• An increase of the price of the API-platform from 15,141 to 30,281
€ implies that the overall costs of the autonomous field scouting
system will increase to 20.3 €/ha/year, which is slightly above the
costs for manual weed scouting.
52. Case 2 : Roboticweeding
• As most horticultural crops are grown in widely
spaced rows, inter-row mechanical weeding
(weeding between the rows) has been popular since
mechanization started.
• The only problem has been in assessing the relative
distance between the crop and the weeding tool.
• Recent developments have led to the use of
machine vision to recognize contextual
information of the crop rows and steer the tool to
within a few centimeters of the plants.
53. • In the robotic weeding scenario, we compared an
autonomous vehicle equipped with a micro spraying system
with a conventional sprayer for sugar beet
• The micro spraying system would be mounted on the same
API platform as the one described above for field scouting.
• The micro system has been developed at University of
California at Davis and has been tested at both UC Davis
and at DIAS.
54. Technical assumptions
Platform API SYSTEM
GPS system RTK – GPS
TOTAL AREA , ha 80
Speed , km/h 1.8
Width, m 2 (4 rows)
Operation hours, h/day 16
Days for operation, days 42
Operation hours, h/year 667
Season for operation April – July
55. INVESTMENTS
INVESTMENTS EUROS € RUPEES ₹
API – system (whole) 15,141 10,72,437.03
RTK – GPS 20,188 14,29,916.04
Micro-spraying
system
26,918 19,06,601.94
Testing 2,692 1,90,674.36
Total investment 64,939 45,99,629.37
56. COST STRUCTURE for robotic system
Cost structure € / YEAR RUPEES ₹/YEAR
Capital costs 1624 1,15,027.92
Depreciation 6494 4,59,970.02
Maintenance 1984 1,40,526.72
GPS- RTK signal yearly fee 1615 1,14,390.45
GPS- RTK signal costs, variable costs 897 63,534.51
Data processing for seed map 150 10,624.5
Herbicide cost 1731 1,22,606.73
Inter-row hoeing 5599 3,96,577.17
Additional cost for fuel loading 776 54,964.08
Total costs 20,834 14,75,672.22
Total cost €/ha/year – 260.4 (18,445.90 ₹)
57. Cost structure for conventional system
• Herbicides €/ha/year – 216.4 (15,327.612 ₹)
• Inter-row hoeing €/ha/year – 35.0 (2479.05 ₹)
• Spraying €/ha/year – 45.2 (3,201.516 ₹)
• Total costs €/ha/year – 296.6 (21,008.17 ₹)
All costs are based on average costs for contracting
58. Sensitivity analysis
• It is possible to reduce the overall cost of autonomous
weeding by 12–21% compared with conventional weeding.
• On the other hand, a reduction of the period of
depreciation to less than 6 years would imply that
conventional weeding will become more economically viable
than autonomous weeding .
60. Case 3 : Grasscutting
• Grass cutting is a major operation for
municipalities, parks, estates, sports terrains and
golf courses.
• The operation is tedious and it has to be repeated
on a regular basis, depending on the climatic
conditions and the usage.
• For the grass cutter, the driver is replaced with a
robotic system equipped with an RTK--GPS.
• The grass cutter used is a 5200-D from TORO.
• Usually, a TORO 455 with rotor cutters is used
for the semi-rough area.
61. 5200-D GRASS CUTTER
• Width – 2.41m
• Cutting units – 5 units
• Tank capacity – 38 lit (diesel)
• Cost - 60,565 €
62. • In this comparison, we assume that the
same grass cutter is used for manual grass
cutting.
• The labor time spent on the conventional
system includes grass cutting and additional
relaxation breaks which is based on an
average Danish salary (27 €/h) (1912.41 ₹).
• It is assumed that the yearly fee for a
reference GPS signal is 1,615 €/ year
(1,14,390.45 ₹). In addition, it is necessary
to pay 1.3 €/h (92.079 ₹)for using a RTK
63. • Time for cutting the grass – 784 h/year
•Semi rough area – 426 h/year
•Fairway area – 358 h/year
• In addition, we include an additional 20% for
breaks etc which adds up to a total of 940.8
h/year for manual grass cutting.
64. Technical assumptions
Platform TORO 5200-D
GPS system RTK – GPS
TOTAL AREA , ha 36
Speed , km/h 10
Width, m 2.4 with 5 cutting units
Operation hours, h/day 8-16
Days for operation, days 24
Operation hours, h/year 784 (358 –F , 426 -S)
Season for operation April – October
F- Fairway lawn area S- Semi rough area
66. COST STRUCTURE for robotic system
Cost structure € / YEAR RUPEES ₹
Capital costs 1077 76,283.91
Depreciation 4307 3,05,064.81
Maintenance 1292 91,512.36
GPS- RTK signal
yearly fee
1615 1,14,390.45
GPS- RTK signal
costs, variable costs
1055 74,725.65
Additional cost for
fuel loading
844 59,780.52
Total costs 10,190 7,21,757.7
67. • Therefore , the total cost of autonomous/ robotic
system is 10,190 €/year for 36 ha.
• Total cost €/ha/year - 283
68. Cost structureforconventionalsystem
• Labour costs for manual grass cutting on 36 ha golf
course – 27€/h.(1912.41 ₹)
• Total hours – 940.8 h
• Total costs, €/ha/year -586.3 (41,527.629 ₹)
69. • It should be possible to reduce field scouting costs by nearly 20%
in cereals.
• For the autonomous weeding in sugar beet, it might be possible to
reduce costs by 12%.
• The costs of using autonomous systems for grass cutting will
reduce costs by nearly 52%.
• In addition, at this stage of development, the initial investments
and annual costs for expensive GPS systems are still relatively high
but it seems possible to design economically viable robotic systems
for grass cutting, crop scouting and autonomous weeding.
70. • There are many advantages to robotics as well as controlling
the high cost of labor.
• The jobs in agriculture are a drag, dangerous, require
intelligence and quick, though highly repetitive decisions hence
robots can be rightly substituted with human operator.
• The higher quality products can be sensed by machines (color,
firmness, weight, density, ripeness, size, shape) accurately.
71. • One of the key advantages in agriculture is that robots
can work 24 hours a day – often when there’s no light,
which can be a big factor with certain factors.
• Altogether, we can conclude that an agricultural robot
can make a tremendous change in the field of
agriculture and can increase the quality and productivity
to a greater extend.
72. REFERENCES
• Blackmore, B. S., Stout, W., Wang, M., and Renovo, B. 2005. Robotic
agriculture – the future of agricultural mechanization. (ed.) J.
Stafford, V. The Netherlands, Wageningen Academic Publishers,
pp.621-628.
• Gholap Dipak Dattatraya, More Vaibhav Mhatardev, Lokhande
Manojkumar, Prof. Joshi S.G. Robotic Agriculture Machine.
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering
and Technology Volume 3, Special Issue 4, April 2014
• Pederson S.M., Fountas S.,Have H., Blackmore B.S. Agricultural robots
– system analysis and economic feasibility._Springer
Science+Business Media, LLC 2006
• Koteswara P., Karthik & Ravi Chandra P. An Overview of
Agricultural Robots. www.yuvaengineers.com/an-overview-of-
agricultural-robots-p-koteswara-karthik-p-ravi-chandra/
• Slideshare – various presentations