This document discusses principles of mobile communication. It introduces cellular systems and how they allow mobility and frequency reuse by dividing geographic areas into overlapping cells served by base stations. It describes uplink and downlink channels, handoffs, and roaming in cellular networks. The document also discusses multiple access techniques like FDMA, TDMA, and CDMA. Finally, it provides an overview of the GSM architecture including its base station subsystem, network subsystem components like HLR, VLR, AuC and EIR, and the mobile station elements of ME and SIM.

1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal 1
Chapter- 10
Introduction to Mobile Communication
Reference:
Raj Pandya, “Mobile And Personal
Communication Services And Systems”,
Wiley-IEEE Press,1999
Part - III
Principles of Electronic Communication

2. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal
Module-1:
Introduction to Mobile Communication
Objectives:
▪ To describe principle behind cellular mobile
communication
▪ To Explain the various multiple access techniques
used in cellular systems
▪ To discuss the GSM Architecture
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3. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal
Introduction to Mobile Communication
▪ Adds mobility
▪ Frequency reuse
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Basic cellular system

4. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal
Introduction to Mobile Communication
• Mobile phone networks are divided into thousands of
overlapping, individual geographic areas or cells
each with a Base station
• Each mobile communicates via radio with one or
more base stations
• Each mobile contains a transceiver (transmitter and
receiver), an antenna, and control circuitry
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5. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal
Introduction to Mobile Communication
▪ Uplink channel
▪ Downlink channel
▪ Forward and reverse control channel
▪ Hand off
▪ Roaming
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6. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal
Multiple access techniques
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7. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal
Multiple access techniques
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Source: Mobile and Personal communication systems and services by Raj Pandya

8. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal
Mobile Devices
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Pager
• receive only
• tiny displays
• simple text
messages
Mobile phones
• voice, data
• simple text displays
PDA
• simple graphical displays
• character recognition
• simplified WWW
Palmtop
• tiny keyboard
• simple versions
of standard applications
Laptop
• fully functional
• standard applications
Sensors,
embedded
controllers

9. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal
Global System for Mobile Communications
Features:
▪ Higher digital voice quality
▪ Low cost alternatives to making calls such
as SMS
▪ Ability to deploy equipment from different
vendors
▪ GSM allows network operators to offer
roaming services
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10. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal
GSM Architecture
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11. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal
GSM Architecture
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Mobile Station(MS):
➢ Mobile Equipment (ME)
➢ Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
Base Station Subsystem (BSS):
➢ Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
➢ Base Station Controller (BSC)
Network Subsystem(NSS):
➢ Mobile Switching Center (MSC)
➢ Home Location Register (HLR)
➢ Visitor Location Register (VLR)
➢ Authentication Center (AUC)
➢ Equipment Identity Register
(EIR)

12. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal
Summary
In this module we have learnt:
▪ Basic concept of cellular mobile communication
▪ Commonly used multiple access techniques in
cellular systems such as frequency division multiple
access, time division multiple access and code
division multiple access
▪ Architecture of GSM system
▪ Importance of base station subsystem and network
subsystem
▪ The components of network subsystem such as HLR,
VLR, AuC and EIR
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13. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal
Self test
▪ How call set up takes place between two mobile
subscribers?
▪ Explain the need for cellular concept in mobile
communication.
▪ Explain frequency reuse concept in cellular systems.
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14. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal
Exercises
▪ Compare different generations of cellular mobile
communication in terms of underlying modulation
schemes, data rate, and applications offered etc.
▪ Compare CDMA with that of GSM system.
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