The document discusses the production technology of the bael fruit, detailing its botanical characteristics, health benefits, and cultivation methods. It highlights its medicinal properties, ideal growing conditions, and various varieties suitable for cultivation in India. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for scientific research and modernization to optimize its potential for economic upliftment.

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PRESENTED BY:
Mr Manas kumar patel
Admn no:-01Fsc/2014
Production Technology Of
Bael

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Genus – Aegle (Greek name)
Species – marmelos (Portuguese name)
Family – Rutaceae
Chromosome no. – 2n=18
Centre of origin – India
Other names - Indian Quince, Sirphal, Stone apple
• Deciduous, 6–8 meters in height tree. Older
branches are more spiny.
• Leaves – alternate, trifoliate, petiole, 2-4cm long.
• Inflorescence – auxiliary raceme
• Fruits - 5–7.5 cm in diameter, globose, oblong
pyriform,
• Flower – bisexual, cluster borne, greenish white &
sweet scented
• Seeds - numerous , surrounded by a slimy
transparent mucilage.

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• A therapeutic boon of human health.
• Rich source of- Protein, Carbohydrate, Vitamins (Riboflavin, ß carotene,
Vit C), Tannin, Volatile oil, Alkaloids and Steroids etc.
• Leaves (content Aegeline) & bark – to overcome intermittent fever.
• Roots - check heart palpitation, bowel inflammation & indigestion.
• Fruits – used as fresh or syrup, nectar, sharbat, marmalade etc.
• Unripe fruit rind – yellow dye and employed in tanning purpose.
• Fruit (dried & sliced) – diarrhoea, constipation and dysentery.
• Marmelosin content has medicinal properties.
• Known as “Climate Purifier” – absorb dust, poisonous gases from
atmosphere & emit more oxygen than other plants in presence of sun light.
Sr. no. Part Phytoconstituents
1. Leaf Skimmianine, Aegeline, Lupeol, Cineol, Citral, Citronella,
Cumin aldehyde, Eugenol, Marmesinine
2. Bark Skimmianine, Fagarine , Marmin
3. Fruit Marmelosin, Luvangetin, Aurapten, Psoralen, Marmelide,
Tannin

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• From Indian peninsular (Sri
Lanka, Bangladesh, Pakistan)
spread to far S-E Asia (Thailand,
Java, Malaysia) and then other
tropical parts of India.
• Main growing states - Uttar
Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal,
Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh,
Uttaranchal, Chhattisgarh and
Odisha.
Bael growing areas

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• Though bael is a fruit crop of subtropical
origin, also can perform well in tropical, arid
and semi-arid regions.
• Fairly rich and well drained sandy loam soil
is best.
• Sunny situation, warm humid climate are
ideal.
• Tolerant to harsh climate.
• Can be withstand in 47-49º C to -5 to -7º C.
• pH = 6.0 –8.5, ESP = 30% and EC = 9 dsm‐1.

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Name of
Variety
Salient Features Recommended Areas
NB-5 Prolific bearer and fruits are medium in
size, round with thin skull, low fibre and
seed content.
Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan,
Bihar, Jharkhand,
Uttarakhand
NB-7 Fruits are very large in size, flattened
round, yellowish green in colour.
Uttar Pradesh
NB-9 Prolific bearing, fuits are medium to
large size with oblong in shape, low fibre
and seed content.
Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan,
Bihar, Jharkhand,
Uttarakhand
NB-16 Fruits are elliptical round, pulp yellow,
average weight 1.3 kg, T.S.S. 31%, and
low fibre content.
Uttar Pradesh
NB-17 Fruits are attractive, average weight 1.75
kg, fibre content low.
Uttar Pradesh
Narendra bael-1 & Narendra bael-2 are most useful for processing

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CISH B-1 It is a mid season variety which matures
during April-May. Precocious and heavy
bearer. Average fruit wt =1.0 kg. Suitable
for canning and slices preparation.
Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand,
Bihar, Jharkhand, Rajasthan
CISH B-2 Trees are dwarf with medium spreading
habit. Suitable for processing with
pleasantly aromatic pulp.
Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand,
Bihar, Jharkhand, Rajasthan
Goma Yashi Good quality fruits with large in size.
Ovate in shape, greenish yellow in colour.
Flesh colour is straw.
Rajasthan
Pant Aparna Dwarf tree with drooping foliage, almost
thornless, heavy bearer. Fruits average
weight 1.0 kg.
Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand
Pant Shivani It is an early mid season variety. Fruit
weight range from 2 to 2.5 kg.
Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand
Pant Sujata Trees are medium dwarf , heavy bearer.
Fruit weight varied from 1 to 1.5 kg.
Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand
Pusa Urvashi It is mid season variety. Fruits are ovoid,
oblong. The fruit weight range from 1.5 to
2.5 kg.
Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand

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CISH B-1 CISH B-2 NB-9
NB-5 Pant Aparna
Pant Urvashi

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• Usually propagated by seed (no dormancy)
• Showing time =June . Seeds germinate
within 3 weeks, ready for transplanting 7
weeks after sowing.
• Patch budding is ideal method with a 90%
success rate. June –July is ideal time for
budding.
• Modified ring budding- earlier sprouting
in mid May (Dinesh & Pathak, 2004)
• Soft wood grafting by cleft method using
scion of 3-4 month age during Feb-May.
(2004-05)
Bael seeds

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• Clonal multiplication by auxiliary bud proliferation in young single node
segments of a 25yr old tree.
• Plant regeneration system using cotyledon tissues applicable to immature
leaf & root tissues at lower efficiency.
In-vitro morphogenesis of nodal explants in bael
[ J.Adv.Sci.Res, 2010, 1(2); 34-40]

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• Pits of 90cm x 90cm x 90cm
• Planting distance - 8m x 8m (Budded plants)
10m x 10m (seedlings)
• Pit filled with a mixture of top soil + 25 kg FYM + 50 g BHC (Benzen
hexachloride).
• Planting time - Feb-Mar or July-Aug.
• Training done by removing the tip of main stem at a height of about
1m. Only 4-6 well- spaced branches are selected around the main stem.
• 500 g N, 250 g P2O5, 500 g K2O and 50 kg FYM is recommended
for bearing tree (10 years age). Full dose to be applied in July.

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• Basin system of irrigation mainly followed.
• Irrigation at monthly intervals should be
given after the rainy season (October –April).
• Drip irrigation also can be followed.
• Suckers appearing from rootstock should be removed periodically.
• Keep the plantation weed –free.
• Legume crops can be taken as intercrops in bael plantation during the
rainy season.
• Mulching can be done around the tree base.

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• Bael is climacteric fruit
• Plants start fruiting after planting = After 4-5 years (budded & grafted
plants)
after 8-10 years(seedlings)
• Fruit takes around 8-10 months to mature and 10-12 months for ripening
after fruit set.
• Maturity index - change in skull colour from dark green to yellowish green.
• Mature fruit is harvested individually with 5 cm fruit stalk.
• Yield – 300-400 fruits/tree/yr
• Storage life – 15 days for fully matured fruit
1 week for ripe fruit
• At 10o C, it can be kept up to three months.

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• Products- Bael pulp, juice, nectar, dried & sliced bael, bael wine, candy,
preserves (murabba), bael slab, jam, bael powder etc.
Juice Nectar Dried bael
Murabba Powder Burfii
Sun dried jelly

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• Fruit drop and cracking: Main problems before ripening.
Growth regulators like 2, 4-D, GA and 2, 4, 5-T with various
concentration check fruit drop.
Cracking can be minimized by maintaining proper moisture
up to full growth or maturity of fruit.
• Chilling injury: Appearance of brown spots on the fruit surface develop
during storage of fruits below 9º C.
• Fruit canker - Xanthomonas bilvae
 Water soaked spot on leaves, fruits and other parts of tree.
 Prune gummy twigs, branches & burn them.
 Spray Streptomycine sulphate (20g/100l water) + Cu oxychloride (0.3%)
at 10-15 days interval

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 Lemon butterfly – Papilio demoleus
management
Neem seed kernel extract (0.5%) spray at
8 days interval in nursery seedlings.
 Bael fruit fly – Bactrocera zonata
Lemon butterfly
Bael fruit fly

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 Though having many useful properties, still not commercialized due to
very seedy nature, thick hard shell and mucilaginous flesh.
 Due to wide prospects and potential of bael for various purposes, it is
worth while to cultivate this plant on large scale especially on unproductive
& waste lands.
 People should equipped with modern scientific techniques and knowledge
& well placed harness to maximum potential of this plant for human and
environmental well being.
 Help in financial upliftment of poor and landless farmers.

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 Researchers aim to obtain increased production of
secondary metabolites, increased production, higher
nutritional value.
Development of cultivars resistance to adverse weather,
pathogenic agent and pests.
 Processing quality need exploitation.
 Further more systemic and scientific research is required
to explore the maximum potential of this under utilized plant.

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March
23, 2015
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