PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF MANGO,grafting,methods of propagation,variety of mango.

1. PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF MANGO

2. Intoduction:
King of fruits/ National fruit of India/ Bathroom fruit
Largest growing crop in India. Area – 35.2%, prodn – 36.8%
Total no. of species – 41 under single genus
Rich in vit. A, good amount of vit. C, TSS – 20%
King of fruit – for being delicious one with excellent flavor & taste, sugar:
acid blend, highly commercial imp.
National fruit of India – Favorite fruit in all parts of India, produced in almost
states, Ancient fruit, associate with heritage, culture of nation, Highest area &
production, Value is more in India, maximum share to the global market

3. Botany:
Large evergreen tree, globular/rounded canopy, thick trunk, simple leaves,
monoecious, inflorescence panicle having male and hermaphrodite flowers, fruit
is drupe, edible part mesocarp, deep rooted crop
Uses:
Unripe fruits – culinary purpose, chutney, pickles, amchur
Ripe fruits – dessert, juice, jam, squash, canned products, mango leather
Leaves – as vegetable in Java & Philippines, cattle fodder
Flower – against diarrhoea and dysentry etc.
Wood – Furniture, window frame, agricultural implements

4. Soil: Deep fertile, well drained, alluvial as well as laterite soil, slight acidic
(5.5 -6.5)
Climate: can grow well in both tropical & subtropical regions, 1400m above
MSL, temp. range 24-270C
•High temp. during flowering period hasten maturity and dev. Improve size &
quality.
•Rain & frost during flowering period is not good.
Commercial varieties grown in different regions:
North – langra, chausa, dashehri
South – Banganpalli, swarna rekha, bangalora, mulgoa, neelum
East – Himsagar, langra, jardalu, fazli, krishnabhog, gulabkhas
West – Alphonso, kesar, rajapuri, pairi

5. Hybrids:
Amrapali - Dashehari X Neelum
Malika - Neelum X Dashehari
Ratna - Neelum X Alphonso
Sindhu - Ratna back-crossed with Alphonso
Arka Aruna - Banganapalli X Alphonso
Arka Puneet - Alphonso X Banganapalil
Arka Anmol - Alphonso X Janardhan Pasand
Manjeera –Rumani X Neelum
Polyembryonic var. – Bappakai, chandrakaran, malaviya bhog, vallaikulumba,
olour etc.
Regular bearing var. – Bangalora, Neelum, Amrapali
Biennial bearing var. – Banganapalil, Chausa, Bombay Green

6. Alphonso (Happus) - mainly exported as fresh fruit, susceptible to spongy tissue

7. Banganapalli (Baneshan in south, Safeda in north) - good for canning
.

8. Dashehari - Best varieties of the country, mainly used for table purpose;
susceptible to mango malformation

9. Malika Neelum
Sindhu: Developed by stenospermocarpy method, free from spongy tissue
Bangalora (Totapuri) - used for processing
Chausa-sweetest mango, susceptible to malformation

10. PROPAGATION
As mango is highly heterozygous and CP crop, seedling trees never resemble to
mother plant. Vegetative propagation provide true-to-type.
Grafting- Grafting is the most reliable and economical means of propagating the
mango.
Commercial methods: Inarching, Vineer, softwood, stone/epicotyle grafting.
Ideal season is Jun-Sep.
Raising of rootstocks:
Freshly harvested stones of local mango varieties should be collected before
monsoon.
Stones / Seeds are washed with clean water to remove pulp and dirt attached to
seeds, treated with copper oxy chloride @ 3 g/lt for 20 minutes to control seed
borne diseases in nursery.
Seeds are sown or spread flat over the raised bed & covered with a mixture of
compost & soil at a ratio of 50:50. After 10-15 days stones sprout. .

11. These sprouted stones are lifted & put into polythene bags of size 10’ x6’&
thickness of 300 gauges
For epicotyl grafting 7-10 days old seedlings are selected. But generally 1 year old
seedlings are used for grafting purposes.

12. Germinated seedlings
1 year old seedlings

13. SCION COLLECTION:
Scions are collected when the trees are in active growth stage.
Scion bank is a type of orchard consisting of some known varieties from which
scions are collected for grafting.
Scions of about 3-5 months old, better shoots of size 10-12cm long of pencil
thickness are selected.
The selected shoot is precured by removing leaves 7-10 days before grafting.
Scions can be kept for 6-7 days in moist cloth or refrigerator.
•The scion forms the canopy of the tree, while the rootstock forms the lower trunk
and roots.
•Healthy, vigorous and uniform seedlings from polyembryonic seed can be used as
rootstocks.

15. Procedure:
1. The terminal portion of the rootstock is removed.
2. Make a shallow downward cut about 1 inch long on cut portion of
rootstock.
3. Make a sloping cut 1 inch long at the base of the scion exposing cambium.
4. Insert the cut surface of the scion against the cut surface of the rootstock.
Be certain that the cambium contact each other.
5. Seal the entire graft area with warm grafting wax or polythene stripe.
6. The newly grafted tree should be placed in the shade. The graft should
begin to grow in 10 to 21 days
7. Following grafting, any shoots from the rootstock must be removed, as
these shoots may overcome the developing scion.

16. STAGES OF GRAFTING

17. EPICOTYL GRAFTING/STONE GRAFTING

18. SOFTWOOD GRAFTING

19. VENEER GRAFTING

20. INARCHING/APPROAC GRAFTING

21. Flowering and fruiting:
 Flowering depends on variety and climatic condition, most of the varieties flower
during Oct. –Dec.
 Inflorescence – panicle ( male+hermaphrodite)
 Flowers come terminally on previous season shoot
 Warmer env. During flowering – more perfect flower
 Highly cross pollinated crop, perfect flowers are protogynous
 Pollination entomophylli (House fly – Musca domestica)
 No. of flowers per panicle – 1000-6000
 Maximum fruit drop – mustard/pea stage
 Fruit setting can be improved by exogenous application of NAA@200ppm or 2,4-
D@10-15ppm at the time of flower bud initiation

22. THANK YOU