The document discusses the production technology of the bael fruit, including its botanical characteristics, climate requirements, and various medicinal uses. It outlines different varieties, propagation methods, nutrient and water management practices, and aftercare for cultivation. Additionally, it addresses potential issues like fruit drop, cracking, and diseases, along with management strategies.

1. Production Technology of Bael

2. •Genus – Aegle (Greek name)
•Species – marmelos
(Portuguese name)

3. • Family- Rutaceae
• Chromosome no. : 2n=18

4. •Origin – India
•Other names -
Bengal Quince,
Sirphal, Golden
apple, Stone apple

5. •Deciduous, 6–8 meters in height
tree.
•Older branches are more spiny.
•Leaves – alternate, trifoliate,
petiole, 2-4cm long.
•Inflorescence – auxiliary raceme

6. •Fruits - 5–7.5 cm in diameter,
globose, oblong pyriform,
•Flower – bisexual, cluster
borne, greenish white & sweet
scented
•Seeds - numerous ,
surrounded by a slimy

7. Uses
•A therapeutic boon of human
health.
•Rich source of- Riboflavin
(Vitamin B2)
•Leaves (content Aegeline) &
bark – to overcome intermittent
fever.

8. •Roots - check heart palpitation,
bowel inflammation & indigestion.
•Fruits – used as fresh or syrup,
nectar, sharbat, marmalade etc.

9. •Unripe fruit rind – yellow dye
and employed in tanning
purpose.
•Fruit (dried & sliced) –
diarrhoea, constipation and
dysentery.

10. •Marmelosin content has
medicinal properties.
•Known as “Climate Purifier” –
absorb dust, poisonous gases from
atmosphere & emit more oxygen
than other plants in presence of
sun light.

11. Climate and Soil
•Fairly rich and well drained sandy loam
soil
•is best.
•pH = 6.0 –8.5, ESP = 30% and EC = 9
dSm‐1
.
•Though bael is a fruit crop of subtropical
origin, also can perform well in tropical,
arid and semi-arid regions.

12. •Plants can grow even up to an
elevation of 1,200m
•Sunny situation, warm humid
climate are ideal.
•Tolerant to harsh climate.
•Can be withstand in 47-49º C to -5
to -7º C.

13. Varieties
Variety Salient Features Recommended
Areas
NB-5 Prolific bearer and fruits are
medium in size, round with thin
skull, low fibre and seed content.
Uttar Pradesh,
Rajasthan,
Bihar,
Jharkhand,
Uttarakhand
NB-7 Fruits are very large in size,
flattened round, yellowish
green in colour.
Uttar Pradesh
NB-9 Prolific bearing, fuits are medium
to large size with oblong in shape,
low fibre and seed content.
Uttar Pradesh,
Rajasthan,
Bihar,
Jharkhand,
Uttarakhand

14. NB-16 Fruits are elliptical
round, pulp yellow,
average weight 1.3
kg, T.S.S. 31%, and
low fibre content.
Uttar
Pradesh
NB-17 Fruits are attractive,
average weight 1.75
kg, fibre content
low.
Uttar
Pradesh
Narendra bael-1 & Narendra bael-2 are
most useful for processing

15. CISH B-1 It is a mid season variety
which matures during April-
May. Precocious and heavy
bearer. Average fruit wt =1.0
kg. Suitable for canning and
slices preparation.
Uttar Pradesh,
Uttarakhand,
Bihar, Jharkhand,
Rajasthan
CISH B-2 Trees are dwarf with medium
spreading habit. Suitable for
processing with pleasantly
aromatic pulp.
Uttar Pradesh,
Uttarakhand,
Bihar, Jharkhand,
Rajasthan
Goma
Yashi
Good quality fruits with large
in size. Ovate in shape,
greenish yellow in colour.
Flesh colour is straw.
Rajasthan

16. Pant
Aparna
Dwarf tree with drooping
foliage, almost thornless,
heavy bearer. Fruits average
weight 1.0 kg.
Uttar Pradesh,
Uttarakhand
Pant
Shivani
It is an early mid season
variety. Fruit weight range
from 2 to 2.5 kg.
Uttar Pradesh,
Uttarakhand
Pant
Sujata
Trees are medium dwarf ,
heavy bearer. Fruit weight
varied from 1 to 1.5 kg.
Uttar Pradesh,
Uttarakhand
Pusa
Urvashi
It is mid season variety. Fruits
are ovoid, oblong. The fruit
weight range from 1.5 to
2.5 kg.
Uttar Pradesh,
Uttarakhand

17. NB-5 Pant Aparna
Pant Urvashi

18. CISH B-1
CISH B-2 NB-9

19. Newly released varieties
•Goma Yashi,
• Thar Divya,
•Thar Neelkanth and
•Thar Srishti

20. Goma
Yashi

21. Goma
Yashi

24. Propagation

25. •Usually propagated by seed (no
dormancy)
•Showing time =June . Seeds germinate
within 3 weeks, ready for transplanting 7
weeks after sowing.
•Patch budding is ideal method with a
90% success rate. June –July is ideal time
for budding.

26. •Modified ring budding- earlier
sprouting in mid May
•Soft wood grafting by cleft
method using scion of 3-4
month age during Feb-May.

27. •Clonal multiplication by auxiliary bud
proliferation in young single node
segments of a 25yr old tree.
•Plant regeneration system using
cotyledon tissues applicable to immature
leaf & root tissues at lower efficiency.

28. •Pits of 90cm x 90cm x 90cm
•Planting distance
• - 8m x 8m (Budded plants)
• 10m x 10m (seedlings)
•Pit filled with a mixture of top soil + 25 kg
FYM + 50 g BHC (Benzen hexachloride).
•Planting time - Feb-Mar or July-Aug.
Planting

29. Training & Pruning
•Training done by removing the tip
of main stem at a height of about
1m.
•Only 4-6 well- spaced branches
are selected around the main
stem.

30. Nutrient management
•500 g N, 250 g P2O5, 500 g K2O
and 50 kg FYM is recommended
for bearing tree (10 years age).
•Full dose to be applied in July.

31. Water Management
•Basin system of irrigation mainly
followed.
•Irrigation at monthly intervals should
be given after the rainy season
(October –April).
•Drip irrigation also can be followed.

32. Aftercare
•Suckers appearing from rootstock should
be removed periodically.
•Keep the plantation weed –free.
•Legume crops can be taken as intercrops
in bael plantation during the rainy
season.

33. •Bael is climacteric fruit
•Plants start fruiting after planting = After
4-5 years (budded & grafted plants) after
8-10 years(seedlings)
•Fruit takes around 8-10 months to mature
and 10-12 months for ripening after fruit
set.

34. •Maturity index - Change in skull colour from dark
green to yellowish green.
•Mature fruit is harvested individually with 5 cm
fruit stalk.
•Yield – 300-400 fruits/tree/yr
•Storage life – 15 days for fully matured fruit
• 1 week for ripe fruit
•At 10o C, it can be kept up to three months.

35. Monday,
March
23,
2015
14
•Products- Bael pulp, juice, nectar, dried & sliced bael, bael wine, candy,
preserves (murabba), bael slab, jam, bael powder etc.
Juice Nectar Dried bael
Murabba Powder Burfii
Sun dried jelly
Processed Product

36. 15
•Fruit drop and cracking: Main problems before
ripening.
•Growth regulators like 2, 4-D, GA and 2, 4, 5-T with
various concentration check fruit drop.
•Cracking can be minimized by maintaining proper
moisture up to full growth or maturity of fruit.
•Chilling injury: Appearance of brown spots on
the fruit surface develop during storage of fruits
below 9º C.

37. Disease
Fruit canker - Xanthomonas bilvae
Water soaked spot on leaves, fruits and other
parts of tree.
Prune gummy twigs, branches & burn them.
Spray Streptomycine sulphate (20g/100l water)
+ Cu oxychloride (0.3%)
•at 10-15 days interval

38.  Lemon butterfly – Papilio demoleus
management
Neem seed kernel extract (0.5%) spray
at
8 days interval in nursery seedlings.
 Bael fruit fly – Bactrocera zonata
Lemon butterfly
Bael fruit fly