Meningitis is an inflammation of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord caused by bacterial or viral infections. The two most common types of bacterial meningitis are caused by Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcal meningitis) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcal meningitis). Viruses from the enterovirus group are the most common cause of viral meningitis. Symptoms of meningitis include fever, headache, stiff neck, and sensitivity to light. While bacterial meningitis requires intravenous antibiotics, viral meningitis is usually treated with supportive care. Handwashing is the best way to prevent transmission between people through contact with nose and throat secretions.