1. The document discusses the six kingdoms of life: Bacteria, Archaebacteria, Protist, Fungi, Plant, and Animal. It describes key characteristics of each kingdom. 2. Five methods for determining evolutionary relationships are discussed: similar structures, breeding behavior, geographic distribution, chromosome comparisons, and biochemistry. Cladistics is the classification system based on evolutionary history/phylogeny. 3. Key terms discussed include: derived trait, fan diagram, heterotroph, autotroph, chemosynthetic, photosynthetic, dichotomous key, and phylogeny. Bacteria are described as unicellular, microscopic organisms without nuclei.

1. Week 38 •Ch. 17.2 pg 450
The Six Kingdoms – A P E A P F
Yes
nucleus
Eubacteria
& No
Archaebacteria nucleus

2. Prokaryotes
Kingdom Kingdom Kingdom
Bacteria Archaebacteria Protist
Eukaryotes
Kingdom Kingdom Kingdom
Fungi Plant Animal

4. 5 ways to determine evolutionary relationships
1 similar structures
bobcat
2. breeding behavior
lynx
3. geographic distribution
4. chromosome comparisons
5. biochemistry
Giant panda Bear
Red panda
Make different sounds, mate only with their own group
Chromosome 2

5. phylogeny
The evolutionary history of a species
time
Common
ancest or

6. cladistics
classification system based on phylogeny
time
Common
ancestor

7. cladogram
classification system based on phylogeny
A branching diagram that identifies a groups derived
traits
time
Common
ancestor

8. derived trait
Unique inherited trait retained from a
common ancestor

9. fan diagram
A model that may
communicate
the time organisms
became extinct
or
the relative number of
species in a group
See pg. 454

10. Bacteria – unicellular
prokaryotes microscopic organisms
with no nuclear
membrane
– one-celled organisms
– microscopic
– no organelles
have cell membrane
have DNA
– most common form of life on Earth
– incredible number of different kinds

11. heterotroph autotroph
consumer in food capable of
chains, eats other synthesizing its
organisms for own food
energy

12. chemosynthetic photosynthetic
organisms obtain trapping sunlight with
energy from the break
chlorophyll to convert
down of compounds
with sulfur and CO2 and water into
nitrogen simple sugars and O2

13. Kingdom Kingdom
Archaebacteria Eubacteria
Kingdom whose Kingdom that includes
organisms live in helpful, harmless and
extremely hot, salty, or harmful bacteria (strep
oxygen-free throat, pneumonia)
environments

14. Bacterial diversity
rods and spheres and spirals… Oh My!

15. Kingdom Protista
Eukaryote that lacks complex organ
systems and lives in moist enviroments
Algae, Protozoa, Slime Molds, and Water Molds

16. Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom of heterotrophs that do not move
from place to place, absorbs nutrients
from the organic materials in the
environment

17. Kingdom
Plantae
Multicellular
photosynthetic
eukaryotes, none
moves from
place to place

18. Kingdom Animalia
Multicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes,
most are able to move from place to place

19. Dichotomous Key pg 460
A set of paired
statements that
can be used to
identify
organisms,
finally reaching
the name of
the organism
or group to
which it

20. EC - 2 examples
Closeness of a
relationship
between two
organisms can
found by
comparing DNA
base sequences
amino acid
sequences in
proteins

21. HW- Make a poster
How are evolutionary relationships determined?
or
Draw a cladogram and label what it shows
4 pts – title, illustrations show great care,
descriptions show excellent understanding
3pt – as above, but satisfactory level work

22. And now the quiz….

23. 1
Unique inherited trait retained from a
common ancestor

24. 2 3
organisms that obtain organisms that trap
energy from the break sunlight with chlorophyll to
down of compounds convert CO2 and water
with sulfur and into simple sugars and O2
nitrogen are…..
are …

25. 4 Kingdom
___________
Multicellular
photosynthetic
eukaryotes, none
moves from
place to place

26. 5 Kingdom 6 Kingdom
___________ ___________
Kingdom of the first living Kingdom that includes
organisms, bacteria, live in helpful, harmless and
extremely hot, salty, or harmful bacteria (strep
oxygen-free environments, throat, pneumonia)
they are chemosynthetic

27. 7
A set of paired
statements that
can be used to
identify
organisms,
finally reaching
the name of
the organism
or group to
which it

28. 8
classification system based on phylogeny
time
Common
ancestor

29. 9 10
consumer in food capable of
chains, eats other synthesizing its
organisms for own food
energy

30. 11
Kingdom of heterotrophs that do not move
from place to place, absorbs nutrients
from the organic materials in the
environment

31. Bacteria – unicellular
12 microscopic organisms
with no nuclear
membrane
– one-celled organisms
– microscopic
– no organelles
have cell membrane
have DNA
– most common form of life on Earth
– incredible number of different kinds

32. 13 Kingdom _____
Eukaryote that lacks complex organ
systems and lives in moist enviroments
Algae, Protozoa, Slime Molds, and Water Molds

33. 14
The evolutionary history of a species
time
Common
ancest or

34. 15
classification system based on phylogeny
A branching diagram that identifies a groups derived
traits
time
Common
ancestor

35. 16 Kingdom ______
Multicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes,
most are able to move from place to place

36. EC
Closeness of a
relationship
between two
organisms can
found by
comparing DNA
base sequences
amino acid
sequences in
proteins

37. Mahalo!