The document discusses key concepts relating to evolution over time, including that all living things have a common ancestor, and that humans and apes evolved from a common ancestor rather than humans evolving from apes. It also discusses various evolutionary mechanisms and adaptations, such as artificial selection, natural selection, adaptations, homologous and analogous structures, vestigial structures, and more. The document contains examples and definitions for many important evolutionary terms.

1. Week 32
How life on
earth
changed over
time
All living things have a
common ancestor
Humans did not evolve from apes..
Humans and apes have a
 Ch. 15.1 pg 392 common ancestor!

2. Women are always cleaning up after men without credit

3. Create tools for cities -
jackhammer
Create hunting Create Create video games
Out of the weapons – knife agricultural
trees and spear tools - rake

4. artificial selection
 Breeding organisms with specific traits in order to
produce offspring with identical traits

5. evolution
 The gradual accumulation of adaptations
over time
Homer Evolution
documentary

6. Charles Darwin biography
biography
 Supported ideas on evolution by natural
selection using fossils as evidence
Darwin Awards

7. natural selection
 Survival of the fittest,
organisms with favorable
traits survive, reproduce
and pass on variations to
the next generation
Peacock Tail Tale

8. adaptations
 Any variation that aids an organism’s chances of
survival in it’s environment, used as evidence of
evolution
Play this game
quiz
video

9. mimicry
 A structural adaptation that enables one
species to resemble another species

10. camouflage
 An adaptation that enables species to blend
with their surroundings

11. homologous structure
 Structural features with a common
evolutionary origin, ex. forelimbs of whale,
crocodile and bird

12. analogous structure
 Body parts that do not have a common
evolutionary origin but are similar in
function, ex. wings of birds and butterflies

13. vestigial structure
 A body structure in a
present day organism
that no longer serves
its original purpose
 ex. human appendix
 eyes of blind mole-
rats, and
 Hip bones in whale

14. embryology
 Studying the stages of growth and development of both
plants and animals, phases suggest evolution from distant
common ancestors, ex. embryo tails and pharyngeal
pouches

15. biochemistry
 Compare differences that exist among
species’ DNA, ATP and other biochemical’s,
more similarities suggest being more closely
related

16. scientific method
 the process used to
construct accurate
predictions
hypothesis
 A prediction based on
observations, how will
data
changes effect an
observations
outcome

17. independent
variable
 Changes tested by the
scientist, think what am
“I” testing, changing
 Ex. changing slope of
ramp
dependent
variable
 The outcome of an
experiment
 Ex. speed of marble

18. Quantitative data
 Numeric data – measured or
counted
Qualitative data
 described in terms of quality,
using LANGUAGE
 Examples: color, small,
smooth

19. results conclusion
 A summary of the data  Analyzes the results (outcome) of
without analysis or the experiment,
 Supports the explanation with data,
judgment, can be
 Estimates how accurate the
language or graph hypothesis was,
 Suggests ways to get better results

20. results
 A summary of the data without analysis or
judgment, can be language or graph

21. conclusion
 Analyzes the results (outcome) of the experiment,
 Supports the explanation with data,
 Estimates how accurate the hypothesis was,
 Suggests ways to get better results

22. And now the quiz…
 You may use your flashcards only!!

23. Ready?

24. 1
 Using your outline notes-
 Name two types of adaptations

25. 2
 2 types of evidence for evolution

26. 3
 What did Darwin use to shape his ideas
about evolution?

27. 4
Name one of the organisms that Darwin
noticed to have changed over time.

28. 5
Using the lyrics of the song -
 The name of Darwin’s book

29. 6
 How life changes over time

30. 7
 The process by which organisms that better
adapted survive and reproduce more

31. 8
 How we’ll end up if we are not wise

32. 9
 Body parts that do not have a common
evolutionary origin but are similar in
function, ex. wings of birds and butterflies

33. 10 _____ structure
 A body structure in a
present day organism
that no longer serves
its original purpose
 ex. human appendix
 eyes of blind mole-
rats, and
 Hip bones in whale

34. 11
 An adaptation that enables species to blend
with their surroundings

35. 12 ________ structure
 Structural features showing common
evolutionary origin, ex. forelimbs of whale,
crocodile and bird

36. 13
 Used to compare differences that exist among
species’ DNA, ATP and other biochemical’s,
 more similarities suggest being more closely
related

37. 14 _____ selection
 Survival of the fittest,
organisms with favorable
traits survive, reproduce
and pass on variations to
the next generation
Peacock Tail Tale

38. 15
 Any variation that aids an organism’s chances of
survival in it’s environment, used as evidence of
evolution
Play this game
quiz
video

39. 16
 A structural adaptation that enables one
species to resemble another species

40. 17
 Studying the stages of growth and development of both
plants and animals, phases suggest evolution from distant
common ancestors, ex. embryo tails and pharyngeal
pouches

41. 18 ________ selection
 Breeding organisms with specific traits in order to
produce offspring with identical traits

42. 19
 The gradual accumulation of adaptations
over time

43. 20
 A prediction
based on
observations,
how will changes
effect an
outcome data
observations

44. Mahalo!
 Please do your homework!!

45. Chapter Review 15
1. camouflage
2. natural selection
3. speciation
4. punctuated equilibrium
5. c
6. c stabilizing
7. d adaptive radiation – convergent evolution
8. b convergent evolution
9. d populations evolve, individuals don’t
 18. C directional selection
 19. A polyploidy
 20. C physiological adaptation
 21. B divergent evolution
 22. A Hawaiian honeycreepers and Galapagos finches