B25 3rd midquarter review
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This document contains information about genetics and protein synthesis: - It includes diagrams of karyotypes, Punnett squares, and pedigrees which are used to analyze genes and inheritance. - The basics of DNA structure and replication are outlined, noting that DNA is made up of nucleotides with specific nitrogenous bases. - The multi-step process of protein synthesis is described, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA, and translation where tRNAs bring amino acids to the rRNA to form a protein chain.
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Hw2 Rec07answers
This document provides details and questions for a homework assignment on genetics concepts. It includes 8 questions covering topics like gene expression, DNA and protein structures, mitotic and meiotic recombination, pedigrees, and mutational consequences. The instructor provides explanations and asks students to answer questions in short responses or by drawing out processes. The goal is for students to integrate and apply their understanding of core genetics topics.
Power point การถ่ายทอดทางพันธุกรรม
Gregor Mendel conducted experiments with pea plants to study inheritance of traits. He found that traits are inherited in discrete units (genes) and that some traits (dominant) mask the expression of others (recessive). Through his laws of segregation and independent assortment, he showed that genes separate and assort independently during gamete formation. This allows for prediction of phenotypic ratios in offspring using a Punnett square. Mendel's work formed the foundation of classical genetics and heredity.
Hw2
This document contains instructions for homework assignment #2 in a genetics course. It includes questions about gene expression, mutation, protein function, recombination, and cancer genetics. Students are asked to answer questions about promoter sequences, start/stop codons, amino acid changes, Holliday junction formation, cancer hotspots, and pedigrees. Diagrams illustrate chromosome structure, gene fusions, and potential recombination outcomes.
Microsoft power point ยีนและโครโมโซม
1. The document discusses genes and chromosomes, including the chromosome theory of inheritance proposed by Walter Sutton. It describes the structure of DNA and RNA, as well as DNA replication, transcription, and translation.
2. Key experiments are summarized, such as those determining that DNA is the genetic material and the discovery of the DNA double helix structure. The genetic code and how mutations can occur are also covered.
3. Various genetic disorders are listed that result from mutations, including Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and Klinefelter syndrome. The document concludes with a brief discussion of polyploidy.
Hw2 Rec07quest
This document contains instructions for homework assignment #2 in a genetics course. It includes questions about gene expression, mutation, protein function, recombination, and cancer genetics. Students are asked to answer questions about DNA sequences, genetic code, chromosome structure, and mechanisms like transcription, translation, and recombination through diagrams and short explanations.
Hw1 Gen320fall07answer
This document contains instructions and questions for a genetics homework assignment. It asks the student to:
1) Draw the structure of two base-paired dinucleotides and indicate relevant atoms and bonds.
2) Identify which of several pairs of mutations would have a greater consequence to a gene's function and explain why.
3) Analyze domain structures and mutations in a gene responsible for hearing and memory and explain the resulting phenotypes.
4) Describe the consequences of various mutations in a gene on transcript and protein production.
5) Briefly explain how a gene family can arise.
6) Discuss how the idea that ATP is not limiting in eukaryotic cells relates to the presence of intr
Mutation2
The document discusses mutations, which are changes in the DNA base sequence. A mutation occurs when one base, like a C, is changed to another base like a G. Mutations can happen spontaneously during DNA duplication before cell division. Certain chemicals and radiation can increase the risk of mutations occurring. While mutations may cause small changes to a protein, they often do not have a significant effect, as the protein may still function similarly. A mutation that alters a protein's shape could change its catalytic activity if the protein is an enzyme.
Hw1 Gen320fall07revised
This summarizes a genetics homework assignment involving:
1) Drawing the structure of hydrogen-bonded DNA strands showing C-G and G-C base pairs.
2) Identifying which of two mutations would have a greater impact on gene function.
3) Analyzing a gene with three domains involved in two functions, and mutations within it.
4) Predicting effects of mutations in a gene regulated by p53 on transcript and protein production.
5) Briefly explaining how a gene family can arise from two similar genes.
6) Discussing how abundant ATP relates to the presence of introns in eukaryotic genes.
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Hw2 Rec07answers
This document provides details and questions for a homework assignment on genetics concepts. It includes 8 questions covering topics like gene expression, DNA and protein structures, mitotic and meiotic recombination, pedigrees, and mutational consequences. The instructor provides explanations and asks students to answer questions in short responses or by drawing out processes. The goal is for students to integrate and apply their understanding of core genetics topics.
Power point การถ่ายทอดทางพันธุกรรม
Gregor Mendel conducted experiments with pea plants to study inheritance of traits. He found that traits are inherited in discrete units (genes) and that some traits (dominant) mask the expression of others (recessive). Through his laws of segregation and independent assortment, he showed that genes separate and assort independently during gamete formation. This allows for prediction of phenotypic ratios in offspring using a Punnett square. Mendel's work formed the foundation of classical genetics and heredity.
Hw2
This document contains instructions for homework assignment #2 in a genetics course. It includes questions about gene expression, mutation, protein function, recombination, and cancer genetics. Students are asked to answer questions about promoter sequences, start/stop codons, amino acid changes, Holliday junction formation, cancer hotspots, and pedigrees. Diagrams illustrate chromosome structure, gene fusions, and potential recombination outcomes.
Microsoft power point ยีนและโครโมโซม
1. The document discusses genes and chromosomes, including the chromosome theory of inheritance proposed by Walter Sutton. It describes the structure of DNA and RNA, as well as DNA replication, transcription, and translation.
2. Key experiments are summarized, such as those determining that DNA is the genetic material and the discovery of the DNA double helix structure. The genetic code and how mutations can occur are also covered.
3. Various genetic disorders are listed that result from mutations, including Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and Klinefelter syndrome. The document concludes with a brief discussion of polyploidy.
Hw2 Rec07quest
This document contains instructions for homework assignment #2 in a genetics course. It includes questions about gene expression, mutation, protein function, recombination, and cancer genetics. Students are asked to answer questions about DNA sequences, genetic code, chromosome structure, and mechanisms like transcription, translation, and recombination through diagrams and short explanations.
Hw1 Gen320fall07answer
This document contains instructions and questions for a genetics homework assignment. It asks the student to:
1) Draw the structure of two base-paired dinucleotides and indicate relevant atoms and bonds.
2) Identify which of several pairs of mutations would have a greater consequence to a gene's function and explain why.
3) Analyze domain structures and mutations in a gene responsible for hearing and memory and explain the resulting phenotypes.
4) Describe the consequences of various mutations in a gene on transcript and protein production.
5) Briefly explain how a gene family can arise.
6) Discuss how the idea that ATP is not limiting in eukaryotic cells relates to the presence of intr
Mutation2
The document discusses mutations, which are changes in the DNA base sequence. A mutation occurs when one base, like a C, is changed to another base like a G. Mutations can happen spontaneously during DNA duplication before cell division. Certain chemicals and radiation can increase the risk of mutations occurring. While mutations may cause small changes to a protein, they often do not have a significant effect, as the protein may still function similarly. A mutation that alters a protein's shape could change its catalytic activity if the protein is an enzyme.
Hw1 Gen320fall07revised
This summarizes a genetics homework assignment involving:
1) Drawing the structure of hydrogen-bonded DNA strands showing C-G and G-C base pairs.
2) Identifying which of two mutations would have a greater impact on gene function.
3) Analyzing a gene with three domains involved in two functions, and mutations within it.
4) Predicting effects of mutations in a gene regulated by p53 on transcript and protein production.
5) Briefly explaining how a gene family can arise from two similar genes.
6) Discussing how abundant ATP relates to the presence of introns in eukaryotic genes.
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Here are the answers to the quiz:
1. allele
2. codominant
3. multiple
4. autosome
5. sex
6. linked
7. polygenic
8. external
9. internal
10. sickle cell
11. blood types
12. red-green color blindness
13. hemophilia
14. skin color
15. karyotype
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Meiosis produces gametes through two rounds of cell division beginning with one diploid cell and ending with four haploid cells. In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair and separate, reducing the chromosome number by half. Meiosis II separates sister chromatids, further dividing the cell and its genetic material. The steps of crossing over and independent assortment in meiosis I contribute to genetic variation among gametes and offspring.
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Nonato,balmoja ppt (1)
Spermatogenesis is the process by which mature sperm cells are produced from spermatogonial stem cells. It involves mitotic divisions that increase the number of sperm cells, followed by two meiotic divisions that reduce the chromosome number. Over 64 days in humans, a single spermatogonial cell undergoes mitosis to produce 96 spermatids, which then undergo spermiogenesis to mature into motile spermatozoa through a series of morphological and biochemical changes. Sertoli cells within the seminiferous tubules nurture and transport maturing spermatids and remove excess cytoplasm.
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Meiosis and sexual reproduction involve two key cell division processes:
1) Meiosis reduces the number of chromosomes in cells from diploid to haploid, resulting in gametes like eggs and sperm with half the normal number of chromosomes.
2) Fertilization fuses gametes to form a diploid zygote, restoring the full chromosome number and combining the genetic material from both parents.
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This document provides information about biology topics covered in the second semester, including genetics and evolution. It discusses the structure and function of DNA, how DNA carries genetic information from parents to offspring, and its role in heredity and protein synthesis. It covers Mendel's laws of heredity and how they can be used to determine offspring traits. It also explains chromosomal mutations and genetic variation. The document outlines the process of DNA replication and the steps of transcription and translation in which DNA is copied and transcribed to mRNA and then translated to proteins with the help of tRNA and rRNA.
genetics-.pptx
Genetics is the study of heredity and genetic variation. It involves DNA, genes, chromosomes, and the mechanisms by which characteristics are passed from parents to offspring. DNA carries the genetic information in cells and is made up of nucleotides with four bases - adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine. Genes are sections of DNA that code for specific proteins. Chromosomes package and carry the DNA, and genes determine traits by dictating which proteins are produced. Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to proteins through the processes of transcription and translation.
Biología, meiosis
Each chromatid contains 1 chromosome.
At the beginning there are 40 chromatids = 20 chromosomes (since each chromosome is duplicated).
Through meiosis I and meiosis II, the number of chromosomes is halved, resulting in 10 chromosomes at the end of meiosis.
Mitosis meiosis mine
Heredity involves the transmission of genetic information from parents to offspring. Genetics is the study of heredity. Mitosis and meiosis are the two types of cell division involved in heredity. Mitosis produces genetically identical cells for growth and tissue repair, while meiosis produces haploid gametes through two divisions resulting in four genetically distinct cells. Meiosis ensures genetic diversity and integrity in sexually reproducing organisms.
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Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces gametes, such as sperm or egg cells, with half the number of chromosomes as the original parent cell. It involves two cell divisions - Meiosis I and Meiosis II. This results in four daughter cells with half the chromosome number, allowing for genetic variation through independent assortment and crossing over during prophase I. Fertilization occurs when a sperm fuses with an egg, restoring the full chromosome number.
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This document provides information about mitosis and meiosis. It defines key terms like interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. Mitosis is described as involving the duplication of chromosomes in S phase and G2 phase to produce sister chromatids. During mitosis, double-chromatid chromosomes align and separate, with one set of chromatids moving to each new daughter cell. Meiosis involves two cell divisions and results in four haploid daughter cells rather than two diploid cells. This allows for genetic diversity through independent assortment and crossing over.
Chapter 5-Genetics and Evolution pdf.pdf
1. Mendel discovered that traits are inherited as discrete units (genes) which assort and segregate independently during the formation of gametes.
2. DNA contains the genetic code, which is transcribed into mRNA and translated by ribosomes into proteins. DNA replicates semi-conservatively prior to cell division.
3. Mutations can occur in DNA due to errors in replication or due to mutagenic agents. Most mutations are harmful or have no effect, but some can provide adaptive advantages.
12-4
This document discusses different types of mutations including gene mutations and chromosomal mutations. It describes point mutations such as single base substitutions, insertions, and deletions as well as frameshift mutations that can occur from insertions or deletions. It also discusses chromosomal mutations like duplications, inversions, translocations, and deletions. Non-disjunction during meiosis can result in aneuploidy with an extra or missing chromosome. Mutations can be harmful and cause genetic disorders or cancer, but some are beneficial and lead to evolution or traits in polyploid plants. Examples of genetic disorders and polyploid crops are also provided.
Benchmark%203%20 review%20notes[1]
The document provides information about different types of cell reproduction and genetics concepts. It discusses asexual reproduction, which requires only one parent and produces genetically identical offspring through mitosis. The types of asexual reproduction include budding, vegetative reproduction, and binary fission. Sexual reproduction involves the production of gametes through meiosis and the fusion of egg and sperm to form a zygote. Punnett squares are used to predict the outcomes of genetic crosses and inheritance of traits or disorders. DNA, RNA, protein synthesis and gene technology concepts like gene splicing and genetic engineering are also summarized. Gel electrophoresis is described as a technique to determine relatedness between organisms based on separation of DNA bands by size.
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Here are the answers to the quiz:
1. allele
2. codominant
3. multiple
4. autosome
5. sex
6. linked
7. polygenic
8. external
9. internal
10. sickle cell
11. blood types
12. red-green color blindness
13. hemophilia
14. skin color
15. karyotype
For homework: Draw out the steps of protein synthesis including transcription and translation. Label each step.
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Make predictions
Making predictions about what might happen next in a story can help readers become more engaged and better comprehend what they are reading. Readers can make predictions by using clues found in the text, any prior knowledge about characters or situations, and tracking characters' traits. Making ongoing predictions as new clues are discovered demonstrates active, detective-like reading skills and helps readers follow the story's progression.
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The document discusses the four main types of tissues in the human body: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue. It describes the basic functions of each tissue type and provides examples. The document then explains how tissues combine to form organs, organ systems, and the whole body. It also discusses topics related to biology including the cell cycle, cancer, genes, and metastasis.
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Meiosis produces gametes through two rounds of cell division beginning with one diploid cell and ending with four haploid cells. In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair and separate, reducing the chromosome number by half. Meiosis II separates sister chromatids, further dividing the cell and its genetic material. The steps of crossing over and independent assortment in meiosis I contribute to genetic variation among gametes and offspring.
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Mitosis and meiosis are two types of cell division. Mitosis produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell and is important for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction. Meiosis produces four haploid gametes through two divisions. It reduces the chromosome number by half to ensure fertilization restores the diploid number. Meiosis leads to genetic variation between offspring through independent assortment and crossing over during prophase I.
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Spermatogenesis is the process by which mature sperm cells are produced from spermatogonial stem cells. It involves mitotic divisions that increase the number of sperm cells, followed by two meiotic divisions that reduce the chromosome number. Over 64 days in humans, a single spermatogonial cell undergoes mitosis to produce 96 spermatids, which then undergo spermiogenesis to mature into motile spermatozoa through a series of morphological and biochemical changes. Sertoli cells within the seminiferous tubules nurture and transport maturing spermatids and remove excess cytoplasm, helping to produce fully formed sperm.
Nonato,balmoja ppt (1)
Spermatogenesis is the process by which mature sperm cells are produced from spermatogonial stem cells. It involves mitotic divisions that increase the number of sperm cells, followed by two meiotic divisions that reduce the chromosome number. Over 64 days in humans, a single spermatogonial cell undergoes mitosis to produce 96 spermatids, which then undergo spermiogenesis to mature into motile spermatozoa through a series of morphological and biochemical changes. Sertoli cells within the seminiferous tubules nurture and transport maturing spermatids and remove excess cytoplasm.
Genetics
Genetics is the science of heredity dealing with resemblances and differences between organisms resulting from gene interaction and environment. DNA contains the genetic code in chromosomes which are passed from parents to offspring during meiosis and fertilization, determining characteristics. Inheritance of single and multiple genes can be predicted using Punnett squares and determines traits like eye color, disease susceptibility, and more. Mutation and selection, whether natural or artificial, can introduce variation that natural selection acts upon over time.
55 ch12meiosis2008
Meiosis and sexual reproduction involve two key cell division processes:
1) Meiosis reduces the number of chromosomes in cells from diploid to haploid, resulting in gametes like eggs and sperm with half the normal number of chromosomes.
2) Fertilization fuses gametes to form a diploid zygote, restoring the full chromosome number and combining the genetic material from both parents.
3) This cycle of reducing ploidy through meiosis and restoring it via fertilization introduces genetic variation that is advantageous for evolution through natural selection and survival of offspring.
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This document provides information about biology topics covered in the second semester, including genetics and evolution. It discusses the structure and function of DNA, how DNA carries genetic information from parents to offspring, and its role in heredity and protein synthesis. It covers Mendel's laws of heredity and how they can be used to determine offspring traits. It also explains chromosomal mutations and genetic variation. The document outlines the process of DNA replication and the steps of transcription and translation in which DNA is copied and transcribed to mRNA and then translated to proteins with the help of tRNA and rRNA.
genetics-.pptx
Genetics is the study of heredity and genetic variation. It involves DNA, genes, chromosomes, and the mechanisms by which characteristics are passed from parents to offspring. DNA carries the genetic information in cells and is made up of nucleotides with four bases - adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine. Genes are sections of DNA that code for specific proteins. Chromosomes package and carry the DNA, and genes determine traits by dictating which proteins are produced. Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to proteins through the processes of transcription and translation.
Biología, meiosis
Each chromatid contains 1 chromosome.
At the beginning there are 40 chromatids = 20 chromosomes (since each chromosome is duplicated).
Through meiosis I and meiosis II, the number of chromosomes is halved, resulting in 10 chromosomes at the end of meiosis.
Mitosis meiosis mine
Heredity involves the transmission of genetic information from parents to offspring. Genetics is the study of heredity. Mitosis and meiosis are the two types of cell division involved in heredity. Mitosis produces genetically identical cells for growth and tissue repair, while meiosis produces haploid gametes through two divisions resulting in four genetically distinct cells. Meiosis ensures genetic diversity and integrity in sexually reproducing organisms.
Meiosis
Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces gametes, such as sperm or egg cells, with half the number of chromosomes as the original parent cell. It involves two cell divisions - Meiosis I and Meiosis II. This results in four daughter cells with half the chromosome number, allowing for genetic variation through independent assortment and crossing over during prophase I. Fertilization occurs when a sperm fuses with an egg, restoring the full chromosome number.
Cell reproduction mitosis&meosis
This document provides information about mitosis and meiosis. It defines key terms like interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. Mitosis is described as involving the duplication of chromosomes in S phase and G2 phase to produce sister chromatids. During mitosis, double-chromatid chromosomes align and separate, with one set of chromatids moving to each new daughter cell. Meiosis involves two cell divisions and results in four haploid daughter cells rather than two diploid cells. This allows for genetic diversity through independent assortment and crossing over.
Chapter 5-Genetics and Evolution pdf.pdf
1. Mendel discovered that traits are inherited as discrete units (genes) which assort and segregate independently during the formation of gametes.
2. DNA contains the genetic code, which is transcribed into mRNA and translated by ribosomes into proteins. DNA replicates semi-conservatively prior to cell division.
3. Mutations can occur in DNA due to errors in replication or due to mutagenic agents. Most mutations are harmful or have no effect, but some can provide adaptive advantages.
12-4
This document discusses different types of mutations including gene mutations and chromosomal mutations. It describes point mutations such as single base substitutions, insertions, and deletions as well as frameshift mutations that can occur from insertions or deletions. It also discusses chromosomal mutations like duplications, inversions, translocations, and deletions. Non-disjunction during meiosis can result in aneuploidy with an extra or missing chromosome. Mutations can be harmful and cause genetic disorders or cancer, but some are beneficial and lead to evolution or traits in polyploid plants. Examples of genetic disorders and polyploid crops are also provided.
Benchmark%203%20 review%20notes[1]
The document provides information about different types of cell reproduction and genetics concepts. It discusses asexual reproduction, which requires only one parent and produces genetically identical offspring through mitosis. The types of asexual reproduction include budding, vegetative reproduction, and binary fission. Sexual reproduction involves the production of gametes through meiosis and the fusion of egg and sperm to form a zygote. Punnett squares are used to predict the outcomes of genetic crosses and inheritance of traits or disorders. DNA, RNA, protein synthesis and gene technology concepts like gene splicing and genetic engineering are also summarized. Gel electrophoresis is described as a technique to determine relatedness between organisms based on separation of DNA bands by size.
MEIOSIS
The document discusses the process of meiosis and how it relates to sexual reproduction and genetic variation. It explains that meiosis involves two cell divisions that result in four gametes with half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. This allows for genetic material from both parents to mix during fertilization, resulting in offspring that exhibit new combinations of traits and greater variation between individuals of a species.
Meiosis 1
Meiosis is the process by which gametes are produced with half the normal number of chromosomes. During meiosis, diploid cells undergo two cell divisions to produce four haploid cells. The key events of meiosis include homologous chromosome pairing, crossing over between nonsister chromatids, and independent assortment of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I. This results in genetic variation among gametes and offspring.
Chap 5
1) Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells from one parent cell through the process of interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis. Meiosis produces four non-identical haploid daughter cells from one diploid parent cell through the two divisions of meiosis I and meiosis II.
2) Key differences between mitosis and meiosis include that meiosis involves synapsis and crossing over during prophase I, results in four haploid cells rather than two diploid cells, and contributes to genetic variation between offspring.
3) Both mitosis and meiosis share stages of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, but have important distinctive features in their parent cell number,
Karyotype notes
Small changes to chromosomes can cause major phenotypic effects. Chromosomes mutate through deletion, duplication, inversion, or translocation of genes. A karyotype examines chromosomes under a microscope to identify any mutations by analyzing chromosome number, size, shape, centromere position, and banding pattern.
4.2 & 10.1 meiosis
Meiosis is a cell division process that produces haploid gametes from diploid germ cells. It involves two rounds of division and the pairing and separation of homologous chromosomes. This contributes to genetic variation. Crossing over and independent assortment during meiosis I increase the variation among gametes. Non-disjunction, which is the failure of homologous chromosomes to properly separate, can result in conditions like Down syndrome through an extra chromosome.
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The document discusses key concepts relating to evolution over time, including that all living things have a common ancestor, and that humans and apes evolved from a common ancestor rather than humans evolving from apes. It also discusses various evolutionary mechanisms and adaptations, such as artificial selection, natural selection, adaptations, homologous and analogous structures, vestigial structures, and more. The document contains examples and definitions for many important evolutionary terms.
B31 ppt the history of life ch 14
The document lists important factors to consider when choosing papaya, including demographics, place of growing, origin of the plant, height of the plant, intention of the plant, condition of the plant, use of fertilizer and pesticide, whether it grows alone or in a cluster, and whether it has fruit. It also provides points for listing additional variables to consider: 20 variables gets 4 points, 15 gets 3 points, 10 gets 2 points, and 5 gets 1 point.
B31 evolutionary trees
Evolutionary trees are diagrams that show the evolutionary relationships between organisms or groups of organisms. They branch to show how living things have diverged from shared ancestors over time. The tree of life depicts the evolutionary history of all life on Earth and shows how species are related through shared ancestry and descent with modification from common ancestors.
B27 the human genome
The document discusses key topics from the Human Genome Project including:
- The genomes of all humans are over 99% identical regardless of race or gender.
- The HGP mapped and sequenced all the genes on the 46 human chromosomes.
- Before the HGP, genetic linkage maps were used to determine relative gene locations on chromosomes.
- The HGP provided complete gene maps for all chromosomes.
B26 vq applied genetics
This document discusses various genetics concepts including selective breeding, inbreeding, hybrids, test crosses, genetic engineering, and cloning. Selective breeding involves mating organisms with desired traits to produce offspring with those traits, and has been used to develop breeds of dogs, farm animals, and crop varieties. Inbreeding can increase undesirable recessive traits by making offspring homozygous. A hybrid is heterozygous with different forms of a trait from its parents. A test cross determines an unknown genotype. Genetic engineering uses restriction enzymes and vectors to insert recombinant DNA from one organism into another, creating transgenic organisms. Cloning produces genetically identical copies through nuclear transfer.
B23 ppt patterns of heredity and human genetics
This document discusses patterns of heredity and human genetics. It includes definitions of genetic terms like heterozygous, carrier, recessive trait, dominant trait and diseases like cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs disease, and Phenylketonuria. It also lists simple dominant and recessive traits as examples, like cleft chin, widow's peak hairline, attached earlobes and hitchhiker's thumb. Finally, it provides a short quiz to test understanding of the terms.
B22 ppt genetic changes
1. Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can occur due to errors in DNA replication, transcription, cell division, or exposure to mutagens.
2. There are several types of mutations including point mutations, frameshift mutations, and chromosomal mutations.
3. Cancer and other diseases can be caused by mutations that change genes controlling the cell cycle.
B19 meiosis ppt vocab chapter 10
Meiosis is the process that produces gametes (sex cells) with half the normal number of chromosomes. It involves two rounds of cell division to produce four haploid cells from one initial diploid cell. This ensures each gamete only receives one complete set of chromosomes, allowing fertilization to restore the diploid number. Homologous chromosomes can exchange genetic material through crossing over during meiosis I, introducing genetic variation among gametes and offspring.
B18 mendel genetics vocab powerpoint
This document provides an overview of Gregor Mendel and genetics concepts. It explains that eye color is a trait determined by genes, with different alleles for eye color. Some parents with brown eyes can have blue-eyed children if they carry a recessive blue-eyed allele. Genetics is the study of heredity and traits are passed from parents to offspring through gametes during fertilization. Mendel's experiments with pea plants established the laws of segregation and independent assortment, which can be modeled using Punnett squares to predict offspring genotypes.
B16 vocab ppt cell cycle powerpoint banta
This document summarizes key concepts related to the cell cycle and cellular transport. It defines osmosis as the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane, and describes isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions based on solute concentration inside and outside the cell. It also defines passive transport mechanisms like facilitated diffusion and active transport processes that require energy. The stages of the cell cycle - interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis - are outlined. Mitosis is described in more detail through its four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Key structures involved in cell division like chromosomes, sister chromatids, centrioles, and the spindle are also defined.
B14 eukaryotic cell structure powerpoint
The document provides information about the structures and organelles found within eukaryotic cells. It describes the nucleus as the central organelle that controls cellular functions and contains DNA and genes. Other organelles discussed include the plasma membrane, cell wall, chromatin, nucleolus, ribosomes, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vacuoles, lysosomes, chloroplasts, mitochondria, microtubules, microfilaments, cilia, and flagella. Each organelle's structure and function is defined in one to two sentences.
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9
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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B25 3rd midquarter review
- 1. Week 25 3 Midquarter rd Review
- 2. What do we have in common with other living things and what makes us different? With ______ With small We are all Made of made of DNA sections that code in the nucleus for proteins
- 3. You have ___ pairs of autosomes. 22 For each pair, you got one from Father Dominant and one from Mother or recessive? Dominant or recessive? B b WhatSex of kind chromosomes chromosomes are these? This chart is a Male or Female? KARYOTYPE
- 4. Phenotype or genotype Phenotype or genotype This is an example of Homozygous Mendel’s Law of DOMINANT or Heterozygous Independent Assortment Homozygous or Heterozygous CARRIER Homozygous RECESSIVE or Heterozygous
- 5. the Law of Independent Assortment Example: color doesn’t affect shape
- 6. What’s DNA made of? Nucleic Acids are made of these Nucleotides DNA RNA They consist of 3 molecules bonded together a phosphate group a sugar, and a nitrogenous base
- 7. DNA has 4 types of nitrogenous bases A T G C • Adenine (A) and • Thymine (T) • Guanine (G) and • Cytosine (C)
- 8. DNA Replication 1 DNA unzips - enzyme breaks hydrogen bonds between bases 2. Bases pair 3. Bases bond
- 9. This is a pedigree
- 10. This is a Punnett Square B B B BB BB Bb Bb b
- 11. This is a Punnett Square B b B BB Bb Bb bb b
- 12. 2) First part of protein synthesis 3 ___ is made 7) Amino acidsprotein together aka bonded by the rRNA is a 6) Brings 4) Second part of protein synthesis tRNA amino acid 5) mRNA goes to aka rRNA 1) The process of making proteins is called