This document discusses video streaming compression for wireless multimedia sensor networks. It proposes a cross-layer system that jointly controls the video encoding rate, transmission rate, and uses an adaptive parity scheme. At the application layer, video is compressed and divided into packets. These packets are encoded at the transport layer and forwarded through the network layer. An active buffer management scheme and adaptive parity check are used to maximize received video quality over lossy wireless links. Simulation results show the proposed techniques can achieve higher throughput by resequencing dropped packets. The goal is to design an efficient system for wireless transmission of compressed video that optimizes video quality.
Analyzing Video Streaming Quality by Using Various Error Correction Methods o...IJERA Editor
Transmission video over ad hoc networks has become one of the most important and interesting subjects of study for researchers and programmers because of the strong relationship between video applications and frequent users of various mobile devices, such as laptops, PDAs, and mobile phones in all aspects of life. However, many challenges, such as packet loss, congestion (i.e., impairments at the network layer), multipath fading (i.e., impairments at the physical layer) [1], and link failure, exist in transferring video over ad hoc networks; these challenges negatively affect the quality of the perceived video [2].This study has investigated video transfer over ad hoc networks. The main challenges of transferring video over ad hoc networks as well as types of errors that may occur during video transmission, various types of video mechanisms, error correction methods, and different Quality of Service (QoS) parameters that affect the quality of the received video are also investigated.
Optimal Streaming Protocol for VoD Using Clients' Residual BandwidthIDES Editor
A true VoD system has tremendous demand in the
market. The existing VoD system does not cater the needs
and demands of the market. The major problem in the VoD
system is serving of clients with expected QoS is difficult. In
this paper, we proposed a protocol and algorithm that
chains the proxy servers and subscribed clients. Our
objective is to send one server stream and this stream should
be served to N asynchronous clients. The server bandwidth
is scarcity and on the client uplink bandwidth is
underutilized. In this protocol, we are using client’s residual
bandwidth such that the load on the server bandwidth is
reduced. We have proved that optimal utilization of the
buffer and bandwidth for the entire VoD system and also
less rejection ratio of the clients.
A review over multimedia and how to share multimedia data between clients and servers.
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Analyzing Video Streaming Quality by Using Various Error Correction Methods o...IJERA Editor
Transmission video over ad hoc networks has become one of the most important and interesting subjects of study for researchers and programmers because of the strong relationship between video applications and frequent users of various mobile devices, such as laptops, PDAs, and mobile phones in all aspects of life. However, many challenges, such as packet loss, congestion (i.e., impairments at the network layer), multipath fading (i.e., impairments at the physical layer) [1], and link failure, exist in transferring video over ad hoc networks; these challenges negatively affect the quality of the perceived video [2].This study has investigated video transfer over ad hoc networks. The main challenges of transferring video over ad hoc networks as well as types of errors that may occur during video transmission, various types of video mechanisms, error correction methods, and different Quality of Service (QoS) parameters that affect the quality of the received video are also investigated.
Optimal Streaming Protocol for VoD Using Clients' Residual BandwidthIDES Editor
A true VoD system has tremendous demand in the
market. The existing VoD system does not cater the needs
and demands of the market. The major problem in the VoD
system is serving of clients with expected QoS is difficult. In
this paper, we proposed a protocol and algorithm that
chains the proxy servers and subscribed clients. Our
objective is to send one server stream and this stream should
be served to N asynchronous clients. The server bandwidth
is scarcity and on the client uplink bandwidth is
underutilized. In this protocol, we are using client’s residual
bandwidth such that the load on the server bandwidth is
reduced. We have proved that optimal utilization of the
buffer and bandwidth for the entire VoD system and also
less rejection ratio of the clients.
A review over multimedia and how to share multimedia data between clients and servers.
Find me on:
AFCIT
http://www.afcit.xyz
YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuewOYbBXH5gwhfOrQOZOdw
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MODELLING AND PREFORMANCE ANALYSIS FOR VIDEO ON DEMAND PRIOR STORING SERVER ijwmn
To handle the demand for mobile video is increased in the future. The mobile carriers should improve
Video-on-Demand (VoD) System in order to increase video data transfer rate, then improve the system
performance and quality of service (QoS). In this project, we suggest a new architecture for online video
content in 4G LTE networks. The proposed structure includes a prior storing serve in the eNode Base
Station. It applies in every mobile network unit and mobile phone. In this work, we suggest a partial prior
storing strategy. The Prior Storage Server is divided into Prior Storage 1 and Prior Storage 2. The video
content depend on the popularity and value of utility to determine to store in Prior Storage 1 or Prior
Storage 2. The partial prior storage can avoid eject the popular video content by the unpopular video
content. In the project, we use RT-PEPA to model the behaviour of LTE Network and analyse the
performance of LTE Network. Simulation results show that our proposed architecture can improve the
system performance and QoS parameters in terms of packet loss, packet delay and jitter.
Decision Making Analysis of Video Streaming Algorithm for Private Cloud Compu...IJECEIAES
The issue on how to effectively deliver video streaming contents over cloud computing infrastructures is tackled in this study. Basically, quality of service of video streaming is strongly influenced by bandwidth, jitter and data loss problems. A number of intelligent video streaming algorithms are proposed by using different techniques to deal with such issues. This study aims to propose and demonstrate a novel decision making analysis which combines ISO 9126 (international standard for software engineering) and Analytic Hierarchy Process to help experts selecting the best video streaming algorithm for the case of private cloud computing infrastructure. The given case study concluded that Scalable Streaming algorithm is the best algorithm to be implemented for delivering high quality of service of video streaming over the private cloud computing infrastructure.
The new 3GPP codec for Enhanced Voice Services (EVS) offers important new features and improvements for low-delay real-time communication systems. Based on a novel, switched low-delay speech/audio codec, the EVS codec contains various advancements for better compression efficiency and higher quality for clean/noisy speech, mixed content and music, including support for wideband, super-wideband and full-band content. The EVS codec operates in a broad range of bitrates, is highly robust against packet loss and provides an AMR-WB compatible mode for compatibility with existing systems.
Practical Fundamentals of Voice over IP (VoIP) for Engineers and TechniciansLiving Online
This manual provides solid practical advice on application, implementation and, most importantly, troubleshooting Voice Over IP (VOIP) systems.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-fundamentals-voice-over-ip-voip-21?id=151
An Overview on Multimedia Transcoding Techniques on Streaming Digital Contentsidescitation
The current IT infrastructure as well as various
commercial applications are directly formulated based on
deployment in multimedia system e.g. education, marketing,
risk management, tele-medicines, military etc. One of the
challenges found in using such application is to deliver
uninterrupted stream of video between multiple terminals
e.g. smart-phone, PDAs, laptops, IPTV etc. The research shows
that there is a stipulated need of designing novel mechanism
of bit rate adjustment as well as format conversion policy so
that the source stream may stream well in diverse end devices
with multiple configuration of processor, memory, decoding
etc. This paper discusses various eminent points from
literature that will throw better highlights in understanding
a schema of direct digital-to-digital data conversion of one
encoding to another termed as transcoding. Although
multimedia transcoding has covered more than a decade in
the area of research, but unfortunately, there is a huge trade-
off between the application, service, resource constraint, and
hardware design that gives rise to QoS issues.
IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of applied chemistry and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Chemical Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
MODELLING AND PREFORMANCE ANALYSIS FOR VIDEO ON DEMAND PRIOR STORING SERVER ijwmn
To handle the demand for mobile video is increased in the future. The mobile carriers should improve
Video-on-Demand (VoD) System in order to increase video data transfer rate, then improve the system
performance and quality of service (QoS). In this project, we suggest a new architecture for online video
content in 4G LTE networks. The proposed structure includes a prior storing serve in the eNode Base
Station. It applies in every mobile network unit and mobile phone. In this work, we suggest a partial prior
storing strategy. The Prior Storage Server is divided into Prior Storage 1 and Prior Storage 2. The video
content depend on the popularity and value of utility to determine to store in Prior Storage 1 or Prior
Storage 2. The partial prior storage can avoid eject the popular video content by the unpopular video
content. In the project, we use RT-PEPA to model the behaviour of LTE Network and analyse the
performance of LTE Network. Simulation results show that our proposed architecture can improve the
system performance and QoS parameters in terms of packet loss, packet delay and jitter.
Decision Making Analysis of Video Streaming Algorithm for Private Cloud Compu...IJECEIAES
The issue on how to effectively deliver video streaming contents over cloud computing infrastructures is tackled in this study. Basically, quality of service of video streaming is strongly influenced by bandwidth, jitter and data loss problems. A number of intelligent video streaming algorithms are proposed by using different techniques to deal with such issues. This study aims to propose and demonstrate a novel decision making analysis which combines ISO 9126 (international standard for software engineering) and Analytic Hierarchy Process to help experts selecting the best video streaming algorithm for the case of private cloud computing infrastructure. The given case study concluded that Scalable Streaming algorithm is the best algorithm to be implemented for delivering high quality of service of video streaming over the private cloud computing infrastructure.
The new 3GPP codec for Enhanced Voice Services (EVS) offers important new features and improvements for low-delay real-time communication systems. Based on a novel, switched low-delay speech/audio codec, the EVS codec contains various advancements for better compression efficiency and higher quality for clean/noisy speech, mixed content and music, including support for wideband, super-wideband and full-band content. The EVS codec operates in a broad range of bitrates, is highly robust against packet loss and provides an AMR-WB compatible mode for compatibility with existing systems.
Practical Fundamentals of Voice over IP (VoIP) for Engineers and TechniciansLiving Online
This manual provides solid practical advice on application, implementation and, most importantly, troubleshooting Voice Over IP (VOIP) systems.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-fundamentals-voice-over-ip-voip-21?id=151
An Overview on Multimedia Transcoding Techniques on Streaming Digital Contentsidescitation
The current IT infrastructure as well as various
commercial applications are directly formulated based on
deployment in multimedia system e.g. education, marketing,
risk management, tele-medicines, military etc. One of the
challenges found in using such application is to deliver
uninterrupted stream of video between multiple terminals
e.g. smart-phone, PDAs, laptops, IPTV etc. The research shows
that there is a stipulated need of designing novel mechanism
of bit rate adjustment as well as format conversion policy so
that the source stream may stream well in diverse end devices
with multiple configuration of processor, memory, decoding
etc. This paper discusses various eminent points from
literature that will throw better highlights in understanding
a schema of direct digital-to-digital data conversion of one
encoding to another termed as transcoding. Although
multimedia transcoding has covered more than a decade in
the area of research, but unfortunately, there is a huge trade-
off between the application, service, resource constraint, and
hardware design that gives rise to QoS issues.
IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of applied chemistry and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Chemical Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
The main problem is to avoid the complexity of retrieving the video content without streaming problem in multi network clients. The proposed work is to improve Collaboration among streaming contents on server resources in order to improve the network performance. Implementing network collaboration on a content delivery scenario, with a strong reduction of data transferred via servers. Audio and video files are transmitted in blocks to clients through the peer using the Network Coding Equivalent Content Distribution scheme. The objective of the system is to tolerate out-of-order arrival of blocks in the stream and is resilient to transmission losses of an arbitrary number of intermediate blocks, without affecting the verifiability of remaining blocks in the stream. To formulate the joint rate control and packet scheduling problem as an integer program where the objective is to minimize a cost function of the expected video distortion. Suggestions of cost functions are proposed in order to provide service differentiation and address fairness among users.
A FRAMEWORK FOR MOBILE VIDEO STREAMING AND VIDEO SHARING IN CLOUDJournal For Research
The transmission of data has grown over years in all the streams of technology. Video and image data plays a very important position in communication around the globe. The usage of Medias over mobile devices had exploded years ago in technology. However, the usage of traditional network connecting protocols and the service providers are providing lack of quality in services. As the number of users who uses mobile phones is increasing day by day the video traffic over network is also increasing thereby causes disruption in the service which is caused by low bandwidth. Due to this disruption the wireless cannot able to satisfy the users demand for video streaming which eventually causes long buffering time. Influencing cloud computing knowledge to gain advantage over this issue we suggest two solutions. i) Mobile Video Streaming (MoV) and Social Video Sharing (SoV). MoV will create a private cloud for each mobile user which adjusts the bit rate based on return value using scalable video coding technique to improve the scalability and efficient utilization of bandwidth. SoV uses the agent to pre fetch the video data for effective sharing and to reduce the buffering time.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Server-based and Network-assisted Solutions for Adaptive Video StreamingEswar Publications
Server-based adaptive video streaming is gaining popularity in recent years. This is because clients (client-based) and in-network devices (network or proxy-based) are not powerful enough to run state of the art adaptation algorithms, for example, traffic shaping and machine learning. When decision making is placed at the server new and exciting possibilities are obtained for next best segment selection. This work highlights server-based solutions to adaptive video streaming. It provides a taxonomy of current state of the art solutions. It then illustrates various approaches used for server-based adaptive video streaming. Advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
Network-assisted or in-network DASH solutions have certain advantages over traditional client-based approaches. It is proposed that the sharing of information would result in better network and client bandwidth estimations.
This measure would ensure better next segment selections. In this paper a novel network-assisted DASH taxonomy is proposed. It consists of cache-based, optimization, rate-quality model, and co-operative elements. Recent approaches using the elements of the taxonomy are illustrated. These approaches show the advantages of using network-assisted entities in DASH-based systems.
Mobile-Based Video Caching Architecture Based on Billboard Manager csandit
Video streaming services are very popular today. Increasingly, users can now access multimedia applications and video playback wirelessly on their mobile devices. However, a significant challenge remains in ensuring smooth and uninterrupted transmission of almost any
size of video file over a 3G network, and as quickly as possible in order to optimize bandwidth consumption. In this paper, we propose to position our Billboard Manager to provide an optimal transmission rate to enable smooth video playback to a mobile device user connected to
a 3G network. Our work focuses on serving user requests by mobile operators from cached resource managed by Billboard Manager, and transmitting the video files from this pool. The
aim is to reduce the load placed on bandwidth resources of a mobile operator by routing away as much user requests away from the internet for having to search a video and, subsequently, if located, have it transferred back to the user.
A Real-Time Adaptive Algorithm for Video Streaming over Multiple Wireless Acc...Priti Kana
JP INFOTECH, offering bulk 2014 and 2015 IEEE Project titles for CSE, IT, ECE, EEE final year students. We are guide to give a best projects for your academic and future career.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
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An SDN Based Approach To Measuring And Optimizing ABR Video Quality Of Experi...Cisco Service Provider
Reprinted with permission of NCTA, from the 2014 Cable Connection Spring Technical Forum Conference Proceedings. For more information on Cisco video solutions, visit: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/video/index.html
Multimedia Video transmission is over Wireless Local Area Networks is expected to be an important component of many
emerging multimedia applications. However, Wireless networks will always be bandwidth limited compared to fixed networks due to
background noise, limited frequency spectrum, and varying degrees of network coverage and signal strength One of the critical issues
for multimedia applications is to ensure that the Quality of Service (QoS) requirement to be maintained at an acceptable level. Modern
mobile devices are equipped with multiple network interfaces, including 3G/LTE WiFi. Bandwidth aggregation over LTE and WiFi
links offers an attractive opportunity of supporting bandwidth-intensive services, such as high-quality video streaming, on mobile
devices. Achieving effective bandwidth aggregation in wireless environments raises several challenges related to deployment, link
heterogeneity, Network congestion, network fluctuation, and energy consumption. In this work, an overview of schemes for video
transmission over wireless networks is presented where an acceptable quality of service (QoS) for video applications required realtime
video transmission is achieved
Jiri ece-01-03 adaptive temporal averaging and frame prediction based surveil...Ijripublishers Ijri
Global interconnect planning becomes a challenge as semiconductor technology continuously scales. Because of the increasing wire resistance and higher capacitive coupling in smaller features, the delay of global interconnects becomes large compared with the delay of a logic gate, introducing a huge performance gap that needs to be resolved A novel equalized global link architecture and driver– receiver co design flow are proposed for high-speed and low-energy on-chip communication by utilizing a continuous-time linear equalizer (CTLE). The proposed global link is analyzed using a linear system method, and the formula of CTLE eye opening is derived to provide high-level design guidelines and insights.
Compared with the separate driver–receiver design flow, over 50% energy reduction is observed.
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Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
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Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
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Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
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Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
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Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
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Video Streaming Compression for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks
1. IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE)
e-ISSN: 2278-0661, p- ISSN: 2278-8727Volume 12, Issue 4 (Jul. - Aug. 2013), PP 06-11
www.iosrjournals.org
www.iosrjournals.org 6 | Page
Video Streaming Compression for Wireless Multimedia Sensor
Networks
Nethra B.M1
, Mr. Sudhakar K.N2
1
CMRIT ,Bangalore.India
2
Associate Professor , Dept, Of CSE, CMRIT.Bangalore.
Abstract: This Article Presents The Design Of Continuous Video Streaming Compression Of A Networked
System For Joint Compression, Error Detection And For Error Correction. Video Compression Applications
Are Becoming More Popular Over Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks. To Save Energy In Bit Transmissions
And Receptions Over A Video Sensor Network, The Video File Contents Need To Be Encoded Packet By Packet
Before Its Transmission Over Network. The Quality At The Receiver Side Can Be Maximized By Designing The
Cross Layer System. The Transmission Rate And Encoding Rate Can Be Controlled By The Cross Layer System.
The Fairness Of The Received Video Quality Can Be Developed By The Rate Controller. Instead, An Adaptive
Parity Scheme That Drops Samples In Error Is Proposed And Shown To Improve Video Quality. Finally A Low
Complexity, Adaptive Video Encoder, Is Proposed That Performs Low Complexity Motion Estimation On
Sensors And Implemented To Further Optimize Energy Consumption., Thus Greatly Reducing The Amount Of
Data To Be Transmitted And Video File Can Be Decompressed.
Index Terms: Compression, Multimedia Streaming, Congestion Control, Sensor Networks, Rate Controller.
I. Introduction
Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks[1] are Self-Organizing Wireless Systems Of Embedded devices
deployed to Retrieving the Audio and Video Streams that are distributively Process in the Real-Time
Environment ,Store, Correlate and Fuse the Multimedia Applications that are Originating From Heterogeneous
Sources. In Recent Years ,the Demand for Video Streaming Compression Applications [2][3] has been rise due
to the Significant Increase in both the Bandwidth of the Wireless Channels And the Computational Power of
Mobile Devices. A Higher Packet Loss Ratio and Variation of the Wireless Channels, along with the
Heterogeneity of the users, make Video Streaming Compression over Wireless Sensor Networks a Challenging
Problem. Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks will enable new Applications including Multimedia
Surveillances ,Storage And Subsequent retrieval Of Potentially relevant activities. Video Compression is
nothing But reducing the Large Sized Video File in to small sized Video file. Compression is very important due
to the large amount of the Multimedia data especially in the Video. Video Compression Technologies are used
to reducing and removing the Redundant Information so that the file can be effectively sent over a Network.
Video Compression basically means Reducing the Video data mentioned previously a Digitized Video Sequence
can compress up to 165mps of Data. There are two basic categories of compression. Lossless Compression is a
class that will allow for the exact Original data to be Reconstructed From the Compressed Data. That means a
Limited amount of Techniques are made available for Reducing the data so that result is Limited for Reduction
of the data.GIF is an Example of Lossless Video Compression, but because of its limited abilities that are not
relevant in the Video Compression Surveillance. In this paper, we study the potential of Compression Video
Streaming for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks by conducting a Cross-Layer Performance Evaluation of
Wireless Streaming of the Compressed Sensing Video on the Resource constrained Devices. Our objective is to
design a Cross-Layer System that Jointly Controls the Video Encoding Rate. The Transmission of Video
Streaming in Wireless Networks and their Statistical Traffic Characterization are Substantially Unexplored. For
this reason a New Distributed Cross Layer Control Algorithm Compressive Distortion Minimizing Rate Control
introduced That Jointly Regulates the Sampling rate, the Data rate that injected in the Network and the Rate of
a Parity based Channel Encoder in order to maximize the Received Video Quality over a multi-Hop Wireless
Submitted date 21 June 2013 Accepted Date: 26 June 2013
2. Video Streaming Compression for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks
www.iosrjournals.org 7 | Page
Network with Lossy Links. In the Cross-Layer Architecture the Compressive Video coding can be controlled at
Application Layer, the rate at Transport Layer and Adaptive Parity at the Physical Layer.
II. Related Work
The Potential Compressed Sensing [3] has been investigates for Video Streaming in Wireless
Multimedia Sensor Networks. The Rate Control[4] scheme is designed in order to Maximize the received video
quality and to prevent the Network congestion while maintaining fairness between multiple video
transmissions at the Receiver Side. Video Distortion is represented through Analytical and Empirical Models
and at the Physical Layer based on the estimated channel quality the video Encoding rate and channel coding
rate can be estimated. In order to avoid Congestion while maintaining fairness in the Domain of video quality
rather than data rate the End-To-End Data rate is regulated [7],[8],[9].
In paper [5] [6] a new rate allocation algorithm is designed for Transform Domain Wyner-Ziv Video
Coding (WZVC) without Feedback. Its objective is to design Intra-Frame Encoding and Complex Inter-Frame
Decoding that is based on the Slepian-Wolf And Wyner-Ziv Distributed Source Coding Theorems. To allocate
oroper Number of bits to Each Frame, Most Existing Wyner-Ziv Video Coding Solutions need a Feedback
Channel (FC) at the Decoder. However, in many Video Coding Applications, the FC is not allowed. Moreover,
the FC will introduce Latency and also the increase of Decoder complexity because several iterative decoding
operations may be needed to decode the data to achieve target Video Quality. The Algorithm predicts the
Number of bits for each Wyner-Ziv frame at the encoder as a Function of the Coding mode and the
Quantization Parameters. Such Predictions will not significantly increase the complexity at the encoder.
However, the prediction will be able to properly select the best mode and Quantization Parameter For encoding
each Wyner-Ziv frame. Experimental Results show that the Algorithms is able to achieve good encoder rate
allocation while still maintains consistent coding efficiency. Comparing To The WZVC[7] Coder With FC, this
New WZVC Coder Without FC Induces only a small loss in Rate-Distortion Performance.
III. Proposed System
The Following Proposed System Consists of Problem Definition, Software Architecture and finally the
proposed Solution.
3.1ProblemDefinition:
In existing layered protocol stacks based on the IEEE 802.11 and 802.15.4 standards, frames are split
into multiple packets. If even a single bit is attacked due to some of the channel errors, after a cyclic
redundancy check, so that the entire packet will be dropped at a final or intermediate node. This can cause the
video decoder is unable to decode an independently coded (I) frame, this leads to loss of the entire sequence of
video frames.
3.2. Software Architecture:
The figure shows that the architecture of a Video Streaming Compression for Wireless Multimedia
Sensor Networks. At The Application Layer, the Video file from the source is Compressed and divided
in to ‘N’ number of packets and then each packet is encoded, at Transport Layer the Congestion-Distortion
Optimized Scheduling takes fully advantage of this Rate Allocation to select and transmit the packets of the
Video stream which will maximize video quality. Next the Network Layer is responsible for packet
Forwarding including routing Through An intermediate routers, then the Data Link Layer is Responsible for
Media Access Control, Flow Control of the Video and then Error Checking .At the destination, the information
is decoded and decompressed to obtain the original video file.
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The software architecture of the proposed system is shown below:
Fig 1 : An Architecture Of A Video Streaming Compression For Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks.
3.2. Proposed solution:
3.2.1.Compressed Video Transmission:
Sender selects the Compressed File that needs to be send to the receiver based on the Temporal
Correlation at Low complexity. Here the Sender Node browse the Video File that already in the Compressed
Format in-Order to reduce the size of the file so that file can be Sent to the Network effectively.
3.2.2.Video-On-Demand:
The Compressed Video File is splitting in to ‘N’ Number of packets based on the Video-On-
Demand. The packets are forwarded to the Buffer. The Packets Perform the action based on FIFO Queue. The
First Packet added to the Queue is the first packet to be removed. So that the Video File can be received in
FIFO order at the Receiver Side. The FIFO Receives Raw Video Data, buffers the raw capture Video Data at a
rate, and transfers the raw capture Video data to the High Speed Memory. The Host FIFO Receives display
Video Data from a remote source, Buffers the Display Video Data, and Transfers the input display Video data to
the High Speed Memory. The PB FIFO reads capture Video Data and Display Video Data, During The PB
Service, from the High Speed Memory to Provide an Input Queue for Video Compression and Video
Decompression. The Display FIFO Receives, during the Display Service, Display Video Data from The High
Speed Memory, and Buffers the Display Video data to Provide the Display Video Data at a Display Rate for
the Host.
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Fig 2:Fifo Queue
3.2.3.Video Encoder:
Key Establishment in Sensor Networks is a Challenging Problem because Asymmetric Key
Cryptosystems are Unsuitable for use in Resource Constrained Sensor Nodes and also the Nodes could be
physically compromised by an Attacker. For Each and Every Splitted Packet an Unique ID can be Assigned. So
that the Video File can be Send Effectively to the Receiver. There are Three types of General Key Agreement
Schemes.1.Trusted-Serverscheme.2.Self-Enfourcing Scheme.3.Key Pre-Distribution Scheme. In this paper Key
Pre-Distribution Scheme is Used. In Key Pre-Distribution Scheme the Information of the Secret Key is
Distributed among all the Sensor Nodes prior to deployment. If we know the nodes that are in the same
Neighborhood before Deployment, the Keys can be decided a priori.In this Paper we are concentrating on
RSA Cryptographic Technique. Here in this Technique Key Generation is one of the important part, where we
need to Generate both Public Key and Private Key. The Sender will be Encrypting the Packet with Receiver’s
Public Key And Receiver will be Decrypting using his own Private Key.
RSA Algorithm: RSA is an Algorithm Used Or Public Key Cryptography.
Step 1: Select Random Prime Numbers P And Q, And Check That P != Q
Step 2 :Compute Modulus N = Pq_
Step 3: Compute Φ(N) = Φ(P)Φ(Q) = (P − 1)(Q − 1)
Step 4: Select Public Exponent E, Such That 1 < E < Φ(N) And Gcd(E, Φ(N)) = 1
Step 5:Compute Private Exponent D = E-1 (Mod Φ(N))
Step 6: Public Key Is {N, E}, Private Key Is D
Encryption: C = Memod N,
Decryption: M = Cdmod N
Digital Signature: S = H(M)Dmod N, Verification: M' = Semod N, If M' = H(M) Signature Is Correct. H Is A
Publicly Known Hash Function.
3.2.4. Active Buffer Management:
In this paper Active Buffer Management Scheme is used the Transmission of Video over IP based
Networks requires the Segmentation of Video Data into IP Packets. The Maximum Size of an IP Packet as a
Constant Parameter of the Networks along the routing path. Generally it is smaller than the average size of a
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video frame. Therefore video frames is segmented into several IP packets during Transmission Process. Here
the Active Buffer Management is used to filter the packets and it En-Route the packets to the Destination.
There are Two types of Buffer Management 1.Packet Based Strategies where each incoming Packets is Treated
Individually.2.Frame Based Strategies where each Video Frame is an Atomic Unit during the Buffer
Management Decision and Actions.
3.2.5. Adaptive Parity Check:
The Adaptive Parity Check is used to measure or estimate the sample Error Rate of the channel to
determine a parity Scheme for encoding the samples, which are the input directly from the Video encoder. The
Adaptive Parity Check, checks whether the Mac for each packet at the receiver side. If the mac matches then
Receiver receives Packet Successfully. If not that Packet is dropped so the file cannot be decoded
Successfully.
IV. Results
Fig 4.1: Video Streaming Compression Results.
V. Conclusion
In this paper we addressed the problem of packets dropped at an intermediate node or final node.
Where the attacker is a part of the Network who is aware of Network secrets and also the implementation
details. In order to Overcome the problem of dropped Packets we develop Adaptive Rate Control Scheme that
Reconfigure the dropped Packets. We Analyze the Security of our schemes and through simulation we can
achieve the higher throughput by Re-sequencing the dropped Packets.
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