This manual provides solid practical advice on application, implementation and, most importantly, troubleshooting Voice Over IP (VOIP) systems.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-fundamentals-voice-over-ip-voip-21?id=151
Practical Fundamentals of Voice over IP (VoIP) for Engineers and TechniciansLiving Online
In the past five years, technologies have converged to such an extent that one can transmit voice, fax and video over the same internet protocol network that one uses for data. This workshop examines Voice over IP (VoIP) technologies and provides you with the skills to competently implement a VoIP network for your organisation. Numerous case studies and exercises throughout the course ensure that you get a good grasp on the technologies used. Solid practical advice is given on application, implementation and most importantly troubleshooting these systems.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-fundamentals-voice-over-ip-voip-engineers-and-technicians-3
M2M communication and the IP revolution in radio. A marriage made in the clou...Comms Connect
Ashwin Dinkar is a qualified senior bid engineer at Simoco Australasia. Having worked in the radio communication industry for over 5 years, Ashwin has driven development of systems engineering, pre-sales, network management and third-party integration components of the RF industry both within and outside Simoco. Based in Melbourne, Ashwin influences pre-sales efforts by evaluating Simoco's customer requirements and delivering customised solutions in public safety, transport and utilities sectors around the world.
Practical Fundamentals of Voice over IP (VoIP) for Engineers and TechniciansLiving Online
In the past five years, technologies have converged to such an extent that one can transmit voice, fax and video over the same internet protocol network that one uses for data. This workshop examines Voice over IP (VoIP) technologies and provides you with the skills to competently implement a VoIP network for your organisation. Numerous case studies and exercises throughout the course ensure that you get a good grasp on the technologies used. Solid practical advice is given on application, implementation and most importantly troubleshooting these systems.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-fundamentals-voice-over-ip-voip-engineers-and-technicians-3
M2M communication and the IP revolution in radio. A marriage made in the clou...Comms Connect
Ashwin Dinkar is a qualified senior bid engineer at Simoco Australasia. Having worked in the radio communication industry for over 5 years, Ashwin has driven development of systems engineering, pre-sales, network management and third-party integration components of the RF industry both within and outside Simoco. Based in Melbourne, Ashwin influences pre-sales efforts by evaluating Simoco's customer requirements and delivering customised solutions in public safety, transport and utilities sectors around the world.
Overview of VoIP (Voice over IP) and FoIP (Fax over IP) technologies like Session Initiation Protocol and H.323.
Even though voice over IP (VoIP) was hailed as a technological innovation, the idea to transport real-time traffic over TCP/IP networks was not new back in the 1990s when VoIP started being deployed in networks. Chapter 2.5 of the venerable RFC793 (TCP) shows both data oriented application traffic as well as voice being transported over IP based networks.
Nevertheless, VoIP puts high demands on signal and protocol processing capabilities so it became possible at reasonable costs only in the 1990s.
VoIP can be roughly split into two main functions. Signaling protocols like SIP (Session Initiation Protocol), H.323 and MGCP/H.248 are used to establish a conference session and the data path for transporting real-time voice data packets. SIP has largely supplanted H.323 in recent years to its simpler structure and packet sequences. MGCP and H.248 are mostly used in carrier backbone networks.
Protocols like RTP (Real Time Protocol) transport voice packets and provide the necessary information for receivers to equalize packet flow variations to provide a smooth playback of the original voice signal.
Voice codecs are one of the core functions of the data path. Voice compression reduces the bandwidth required to transport voice over an IP based network. Compression may be less of a concern in local area networks with gigabit speeds, on slower links like 3G (UMTS, LTE) it still makes a lot of sense.
The algorithms used in different codecs make use of various characteristics of the characteristics of human speech recognition. Redundant information is removed from the signals thus slightly reducing the quality, but greatly reducing the required bandwidth.
In VoIP networks, the echo problem is typically compounded by the increased delay incurred by packetization of voice signals. To counteract the echo problem, VoIP gear (hard phones, soft phones, gateways) include echo cancelers to remove echo signals from the transmit signal.
To transport facsimile over an IP based network, even more technology is needed. Facsimile protocols are very susceptible to delay and delay variation and thus need more compensation algorithms. Protocols like T.38 terminate facsimile protocols like T.30 (analog facsimile) and transport the fax images as digitized pictures over IP based networks.
a seminar paper presentation .this will help you know about voice transmission over the internet protocol's.as in Skype, watts app. it also give an idea about old technology. thanks. if any mistakes ,and add any updates and share with me .on about this slide
This session will provide a quick review of the methodology of early dispatch systems connected to radio, telephone and other resources via circuit switched interfaces such as 4WE&M, 2W analogue etc., and their restricted backhaul capabilities, leading on to the 'stand-alone' RoIP boxes that allowed 4W E&M to be converted to IP and recovered at the other end allowing backhaul via more flexible IP networks.
The next technology is dispatch systems with native IP connectivity allowing the most flexible and functional interfaces between the dispatch system and its connected resources. While some manufacturers equipment uses proprietary IP messaging, most prefer and use open standards such as P25 CSSI (console sub system interface), DFSI (digital fixed system interface) and ISSI (inter sub system interface) or the emerging DMR AIS which ensures that different vendors equipment can interoperate with each other via these interfaces. Open standards provide end users with greatly improved competitive choice and functional capability on these systems.
The session will explore examples of IP interfaces for voice dispatch systems and the functions supported, plus give a background on how these apply to many different technologies and can even be adapted for conventional radio applications:
The workshop will cover on the following issues:
- The difference between RoIP and VoIP - how radio systems differ from phone systems
- Implementing one-to-one connections
- Implementing many-to-many connection
- Risk management: Identifying network issues affecting RoIP/VoIP quality; maintenance; and redundancy
- Design elements :- building blocks; calculating network bandwidth requirements
The implications of RoIP for dispatch consoles will be also be discussed: how dispatch console to radio connections can be implemented with RoIP and how RoIP can be used to provide fault tolerant dispatch architectures.
Finally the workshop will look at the impact of new technologies such as IPv6, Wireless Broadband and the switch to Digital Radio on the RoIP landscape.
Les Scott, Manager, System Sales, Zetron
A NEW SYSTEM ON CHIP RECONFIGURABLE GATEWAY ARCHITECTURE FOR VOICE OVER INTER...csandit
The aim of this paper is to present a new System on Chip (SoC) reconfigurable gateway
architecture for Voice over Internet Telephony (VOIP). Our motivation behind this work is
justified by the following arguments: most of VOIP solutions proposed in the market are based
on the use of a general purpose processor and a DSP circuit. In these solutions, the use of the
serial multiply accumulate circuit is very limiting for the signal processing. Also, in embedded
VOIP based DSP applications, the DSP works without MMU (memory management unit). This
is a serious limitation because VOIP solutions are multi-task based. In order to overcome these
problems, we propose a new VOIP gateway architecture built around the OpenRisc-1200-V3
processor. This last one integrates a DSP circuit as well as a MMU. The hardware architecture
is mapped into the VIRTEX-5 FPGA device. We propose a design methodology based on the
design for reuse and design with reuse concepts. We demonstrate that the proposed SoC
architecture is reconfigurable, scalable and the final RTL code can be reused for any FPGA or
ASIC technology. Performances measures, in the VIRTEX-5 FPGA device family, show that the
SOC-gateway architecture occupies 52% of the FPGA in term of slice LUT, 42% of IOBs, 60%
of bloc memory, 8% of integrated DSP, 16% of PLL and the total power is estimated at
4.3Watts.
In this white paper, VoIP for Beginners, you’ll be introduced to how VoIP works.
Discover what occurs when a VoIP call is placed and received
Understand the key technical terms and learn the issues that affect bandwidth and call quality Learn three issues to consider when defining VoIP call quality
Understanding Electrical Engineering and Safety for Non-ElectriciansLiving Online
Electrical engineering is often considered to be a mysterious science, because electricity cannot be seen. However, we are all aware of its existence and usefulness in our daily lives. While many of us work on electrical systems, we do not fully appreciate the dangers, which we get exposed to when doing so. All it takes is a few simple precautions to avoid getting hurt. This manual teaches you about the dangers of careless handling of electrical appliances and prevention of electrical accidents.
This manual is not meant for electrical engineers and other qualified technicians. It is for those who are not formally trained as electricians but often have to handle and maintain electrical appliances in the course of their work. Readers will have an opportunity to understand how the appliances they see everyday actually function.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/understanding-electrical-engineering-and-safety-non-electricians-23?id=145
Overview of VoIP (Voice over IP) and FoIP (Fax over IP) technologies like Session Initiation Protocol and H.323.
Even though voice over IP (VoIP) was hailed as a technological innovation, the idea to transport real-time traffic over TCP/IP networks was not new back in the 1990s when VoIP started being deployed in networks. Chapter 2.5 of the venerable RFC793 (TCP) shows both data oriented application traffic as well as voice being transported over IP based networks.
Nevertheless, VoIP puts high demands on signal and protocol processing capabilities so it became possible at reasonable costs only in the 1990s.
VoIP can be roughly split into two main functions. Signaling protocols like SIP (Session Initiation Protocol), H.323 and MGCP/H.248 are used to establish a conference session and the data path for transporting real-time voice data packets. SIP has largely supplanted H.323 in recent years to its simpler structure and packet sequences. MGCP and H.248 are mostly used in carrier backbone networks.
Protocols like RTP (Real Time Protocol) transport voice packets and provide the necessary information for receivers to equalize packet flow variations to provide a smooth playback of the original voice signal.
Voice codecs are one of the core functions of the data path. Voice compression reduces the bandwidth required to transport voice over an IP based network. Compression may be less of a concern in local area networks with gigabit speeds, on slower links like 3G (UMTS, LTE) it still makes a lot of sense.
The algorithms used in different codecs make use of various characteristics of the characteristics of human speech recognition. Redundant information is removed from the signals thus slightly reducing the quality, but greatly reducing the required bandwidth.
In VoIP networks, the echo problem is typically compounded by the increased delay incurred by packetization of voice signals. To counteract the echo problem, VoIP gear (hard phones, soft phones, gateways) include echo cancelers to remove echo signals from the transmit signal.
To transport facsimile over an IP based network, even more technology is needed. Facsimile protocols are very susceptible to delay and delay variation and thus need more compensation algorithms. Protocols like T.38 terminate facsimile protocols like T.30 (analog facsimile) and transport the fax images as digitized pictures over IP based networks.
a seminar paper presentation .this will help you know about voice transmission over the internet protocol's.as in Skype, watts app. it also give an idea about old technology. thanks. if any mistakes ,and add any updates and share with me .on about this slide
This session will provide a quick review of the methodology of early dispatch systems connected to radio, telephone and other resources via circuit switched interfaces such as 4WE&M, 2W analogue etc., and their restricted backhaul capabilities, leading on to the 'stand-alone' RoIP boxes that allowed 4W E&M to be converted to IP and recovered at the other end allowing backhaul via more flexible IP networks.
The next technology is dispatch systems with native IP connectivity allowing the most flexible and functional interfaces between the dispatch system and its connected resources. While some manufacturers equipment uses proprietary IP messaging, most prefer and use open standards such as P25 CSSI (console sub system interface), DFSI (digital fixed system interface) and ISSI (inter sub system interface) or the emerging DMR AIS which ensures that different vendors equipment can interoperate with each other via these interfaces. Open standards provide end users with greatly improved competitive choice and functional capability on these systems.
The session will explore examples of IP interfaces for voice dispatch systems and the functions supported, plus give a background on how these apply to many different technologies and can even be adapted for conventional radio applications:
The workshop will cover on the following issues:
- The difference between RoIP and VoIP - how radio systems differ from phone systems
- Implementing one-to-one connections
- Implementing many-to-many connection
- Risk management: Identifying network issues affecting RoIP/VoIP quality; maintenance; and redundancy
- Design elements :- building blocks; calculating network bandwidth requirements
The implications of RoIP for dispatch consoles will be also be discussed: how dispatch console to radio connections can be implemented with RoIP and how RoIP can be used to provide fault tolerant dispatch architectures.
Finally the workshop will look at the impact of new technologies such as IPv6, Wireless Broadband and the switch to Digital Radio on the RoIP landscape.
Les Scott, Manager, System Sales, Zetron
A NEW SYSTEM ON CHIP RECONFIGURABLE GATEWAY ARCHITECTURE FOR VOICE OVER INTER...csandit
The aim of this paper is to present a new System on Chip (SoC) reconfigurable gateway
architecture for Voice over Internet Telephony (VOIP). Our motivation behind this work is
justified by the following arguments: most of VOIP solutions proposed in the market are based
on the use of a general purpose processor and a DSP circuit. In these solutions, the use of the
serial multiply accumulate circuit is very limiting for the signal processing. Also, in embedded
VOIP based DSP applications, the DSP works without MMU (memory management unit). This
is a serious limitation because VOIP solutions are multi-task based. In order to overcome these
problems, we propose a new VOIP gateway architecture built around the OpenRisc-1200-V3
processor. This last one integrates a DSP circuit as well as a MMU. The hardware architecture
is mapped into the VIRTEX-5 FPGA device. We propose a design methodology based on the
design for reuse and design with reuse concepts. We demonstrate that the proposed SoC
architecture is reconfigurable, scalable and the final RTL code can be reused for any FPGA or
ASIC technology. Performances measures, in the VIRTEX-5 FPGA device family, show that the
SOC-gateway architecture occupies 52% of the FPGA in term of slice LUT, 42% of IOBs, 60%
of bloc memory, 8% of integrated DSP, 16% of PLL and the total power is estimated at
4.3Watts.
In this white paper, VoIP for Beginners, you’ll be introduced to how VoIP works.
Discover what occurs when a VoIP call is placed and received
Understand the key technical terms and learn the issues that affect bandwidth and call quality Learn three issues to consider when defining VoIP call quality
Understanding Electrical Engineering and Safety for Non-ElectriciansLiving Online
Electrical engineering is often considered to be a mysterious science, because electricity cannot be seen. However, we are all aware of its existence and usefulness in our daily lives. While many of us work on electrical systems, we do not fully appreciate the dangers, which we get exposed to when doing so. All it takes is a few simple precautions to avoid getting hurt. This manual teaches you about the dangers of careless handling of electrical appliances and prevention of electrical accidents.
This manual is not meant for electrical engineers and other qualified technicians. It is for those who are not formally trained as electricians but often have to handle and maintain electrical appliances in the course of their work. Readers will have an opportunity to understand how the appliances they see everyday actually function.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/understanding-electrical-engineering-and-safety-non-electricians-23?id=145
THE WORKSHOP:
This practical workshop covers all the essentials of process control and tools to optimise the operation of your plant and process, including the ability to perform effective loop tuning.
Practical process control is aimed at engineers and technicians who wish to have a clear, practical understanding of the essentials of process control and loop tuning, as well as how to optimise the operation of their particular plant or process. These persons would typically be primarily involved in the design, implementation and upgrading of industrial control systems. Mathematical theory has been kept to a minimum with the emphasis throughout on practical applications and useful information.
Practical Project Management for Engineers & TechniciansLiving Online
COPY THIS LINK FOR MORE INFORMATION: bit.ly/1p4HRAH
More and more engineering and technical professionals are making career transitions from product design into project management. This, however, requires formal training and a willingness to learn new skills. All the technical know-how in the world will not deliver a project successfully, without proper project management skills. Unfortunately very few engineering professionals have any degree of formal project management training, which results in a great deal of personal stress as well as cost blowouts and other woes.
To address this problem, the workshop will focus on the critical project related activities such as work breakdown, scheduling, cost control and risk management, and show how these can be performed with software to lighten the project manager's workload. The 'soft' (but equally important) aspects such as team leadership and contract law are also covered in detail. All topics will be supplemented with practical exercises focusing primarily on the areas of electrical/electronic (including instrumentation) and mechanical engineering. If delegates wish to do so, they can choose small projects from their work environment as a basis for the practical exercises.
WHO SHOULD ATTEND?
Engineering professionals
Information technologists
Maintenance/supervisory managers
Project team members in:
Manufacturing
Process industries
Research and development
Utilities
Local authorities
Technical personnel
COPY THIS LINK FOR MORE INFORMATION: bit.ly/1p4HRAH
Practical Data Acquisition using Personal Computers and Standalone SystemsLiving Online
At the end of this workshop participants will be able to:
Install and configure a data acquisition system
Choose and configure the correct software
Apply state of the art approaches in design of data acquisition systems
Configure data communications systems
Avoid the common pitfalls of designing a data acquisition system
WHO SHOULD ATTEND?
DCS personnel
Design engineers
Electrical engineers
Instrumentation and control system engineers
Maintenance engineers
Process control engineers
Project engineers
Systems engineers
Technicians
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-data-acquisition-using-personal-computers-and-standalone-systems-2
This course is about; (Please enquire at: www.idc-online.com to find out about eBooks or hard copies of this book.
Ethernet is fast becoming the obvious choice for automation networks worldwide. It is a rugged, versatile technology, equally at home in a chemical plant, on an ocean-going vessel and in the cockpit of a fighter aircraft. While the packet structure of Ethernet has not changed since its inception, technologies such as fast and gigabit Ethernet, industrial Ethernet, VLANs, redundant rings and real-time (deterministic) Ethernet for motor control applications have increased the complexity and choices available in planning and designing these systems. As Ethernet has become more complex, a number of misconceptions have arisen as to how Ethernet functions and how the system should be optimally configured. This workshop addresses these issues in a clear and practical manner.
Ethernet can be easily augmented with wireless technologies, and the workshop takes a brief look at the current and emerging industrial wireless technologies such as IEEE802.11, wireless mesh and wireless sensor networks; how they function, and where they fit into the overall picture.
Ethernet is almost synonymous with the TCP/IP protocol suite. Because of its rugged design and the fact that it is Internet-compatible, all major automation system vendors are adopting TCP/IP (and, of course, Ethernet). This complex topic will be covered in an easily-understandable and coherent manner.
OPC has made vast inroads into the process automation arena and has been adopted by every single SCADA system vendor. We will look at current standards, in particular the DA standard, and also at new developments such as the ‘Unified Architecture’. We will also highlight some tricky implementation issues and ways to avoid the pitfalls.
With regard to the automation arena there is a strong move to wireless and Ethernet/TCP/IP. We will look at the offerings of the HART communication foundation, the open DeviceNet Vendor Association, The PROFIBUS/PROFINET user organisations and the fieldbus foundation, as well as the latest Ethernet fieldbuses such as EtherCAT, EPL and SercosIII, to get an overall idea of the current trends. In particular we will focus on the real-time issue, a prerequisite for motor control applications. Real-time Ethernet can now operate at sub-millisecond access times and less than one microsecond jitter. We will look at the various offerings by the abovementioned vendors and the two basic methods through which this incredible performance is being achieved.
Finally we will look at every system manager’s nightmare, security, and will suggest some simple common-sense and internationally-accepted measures to keep the hackers at bay.
Your education and training laboratory in the CLOUD
Features
• eLabs “host and deliver live
practical training
• Run software and hardware
remotely – no download
required
• Create and run your own
tutorials
• Host product and software
demonstrations
• Web-conferencing
• Monitored/ Proctored
exams
"Think of it like controlling the Mars Rover from your Desk".
eLabs are a cloud-based training and product demonstration plug-in designed to run on Electromeet. User’s run practical, interactive demonstrations while others join the tutorial remotely.
Training institutions and corporations are given the ability to run training, perform presentations and demonstrate products from anywhere in the world, to anyone
with an Internet connection.
Hands On Data Communications, Networking and TCP/IP TroubleshootingLiving Online
More and more people who work in plants need to understand how data from the field is transmitted to the control room and even to Manufacturing Execution Systems located in head offices situated considerable distances from the plant. It is a technological marvel and this manual helps you to understand the flow of information and the various techniques involved in it.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/hands-data-communications-networking-and-tcpip-troubleshooting-30?id=37
Practical Troubleshooting and Problem Solving of Modbus Protocols Living Online
This manual focuses on the main issues of troubleshooting the industrial data communications network of today, enabling you to walk onto your plant or facility to troubleshoot and fix problems as quickly as possible. The focus is on the Modbus suite of protocols and their associated standards.
FOR MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-troubleshooting-and-problem-solving-modbus-protocols-196
A NEW SYSTEM ON CHIP RECONFIGURABLE GATEWAY ARCHITECTURE FOR VOICE OVER INTER...cscpconf
The aim of this paper is to present a new System on Chip (SoC) reconfigurable gateway architecture for Voice over Internet Telephony (VOIP). Our motivation behind this work is
justified by the following arguments: most of VOIP solutions proposed in the market are based on the use of a general purpose processor and a DSP circuit. In these solutions, the use of the serial multiply accumulate circuit is very limiting for the signal processing. Also, in embedded VOIP based DSP applications, the DSP works without MMU (memory management unit). This is a serious limitation because VOIP solutions are multi-task based. In order to overcome these
problems, we propose a new VOIP gateway architecture built around the OpenRisc-1200-V3 processor. This last one integrates a DSP circuit as well as a MMU. The hardware architecture is mapped into the VIRTEX-5 FPGA device. We propose a design methodology based on the design for reuse and design with reuse concepts. We demonstrate that the proposed SoC architecture is reconfigurable, scalable and the final RTL code can be reused for any FPGA or ASIC technology. Performances measures, in the VIRTEX-5 FPGA device family, show that the SOC-gateway architecture occupies 52% of the FPGA in term of slice LUT, 42% of IOBs, 60% of bloc memory, 8% of integrated DSP, 16% of PLL and the total power is estimated at 4.3Watts
Comparative Study for Performance Analysis of VOIP Codecs Over WLAN in Nonmob...Zac Darcy
Voice over IP (VoIP) applications such as Skype, Google Talk, and FaceTime are promising technologies for providing cheaper voice calls to end users over extant networks. Wireless networks such as WiMAX and Wi-Fi focus on providing perfection of service for VoIP. However, there are numerous aspects that affect quality of voice connections over wireless networks [13]. The adoption of Voice over Wireless Local Area Network is on tremendous increase due its relief, non-invasive, economicexpansion, low maintenance cost, universal coverage and basic roaming capabilities.
COMPARATIVE STUDY FOR PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF VOIP CODECS OVER WLAN IN NONMOB...Zac Darcy
Voice over IP (VoIP) applications such as Skype, Google Talk, and FaceTime are promising technologies for providing cheaper voice calls to end users over extant networks. ireless networks such as WiMAX and Wi-Fi focus on providing perfection of service for VoIP. However, there are numerous aspects that affect quality of voice connections over wireless networks [13]. The adoption of Voice over Wireless Local Area
Network is on tremendous increase due its relief, non-invasive, economicexpansion, low maintenance cost, universal coverage and basic roaming capabilities. However, expansion Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) over Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is a challenging task for many network specialist and engineers. Voice codec is one of the most critical components of a VoIP system. In this project, we evaluate
the performance analysis of various codecs such as G.711, G.723 and G.729 over Wi-Fi networks. NS2 WiFi
simulation models are designed. Performance metrics such as Mean Opinion Score (MOS), average
end-to-end latency, and disconcert are evaluated and discussed [13]. 1. In this paper, our area of interest is to compare and study the performance analysis of VoIP codecs in Non-mobility scenarios by changing some parameters and plotting the graphs throughput, End to end Delay, MOS, Packet delivery Ratio, and Jitter by using Network Simulator version.
2. In this paper we analyze the different performance parameters, Recent research has focused on simulation studies with non- mobility scenarios to analyze different VoIP codecs with nodes up to 5. We have simulated the different VoIP codecs in non-mobility scenario with nodes up to 300.
Comparative Study for Performance Analysis of VOIP Codecs Over WLAN in Nonmob...Zac Darcy
Voice over IP (VoIP) applications such as Skype, Google Talk, and FaceTime are promising technologies
for providing cheaper voice calls to end users over extant networks. Wireless networks such as WiMAX and
Wi-Fi focus on providing perfection of service for VoIP. However, there are numerous aspects that affect
quality of voice connections over wireless networks [13]. The adoption of Voice over Wireless Local Area
Network is on tremendous increase due its relief, non-invasive, economicexpansion, low maintenance cost,
universal coverage and basic roaming capabilities. However, expansion Voice over Internet Protocol
(VoIP) over Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is a challenging task for many network specialist and
engineers. Voice codec is one of the most critical components of a VoIP system. In this project, we evaluate
the performance analysis of various codecs such as G.711, G.723 and G.729 over Wi-Fi networks. NS2 WiFi simulation models are designed. Performance metrics such as Mean Opinion Score (MOS), average
end-to-end latency, and disconcert are evaluated and discussed [13].
1. In this paper, our area of interest is to compare and study the performance analysis of VoIP
codecs in Non-mobility scenarios by changing some parameters and plotting the graphs
throughput, End to end Delay, MOS, Packet delivery Ratio, and Jitter by using Network
Simulator version.
2. In this paper we analyze the different performance parameters, Recent research has focused on
simulation studies with non- mobility scenarios to analyze different VoIP codecs with nodes up to
5. We have simulated the different VoIP codecs in non-mobility scenario with nodes up to 300.
COMPARATIVE STUDY FOR PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF VOIP CODECS OVER WLAN IN NONMOB...Zac Darcy
The recent Voice over IP (VOIP) applications such as Skype, Google Talk, and Face Time have
changed the way people communicate to each other. Due to the low cost, people find VOIP as an
alternative to the expensive traditional Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). VOIP has
set of parameters that defined its Quality of Service (QoS) such as end to delay, jitter, packets
loss, Mean Opinion Score (MOS, and throughput[13]. The existing wireless networks such as WiFi offer flexibility to support such applications. At the time the IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) technology
showed great success as cheap wireless internet access. The Motive of this survey paper is to
analyse of Qos in VOIP [13].
COMPARATIVE STUDY FOR PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF VOIP CODECS OVER WLAN IN NONMOB...Zac Darcy
Voice over IP (VoIP) applications such as Skype, Google Talk, and FaceTime are promising technologies
for providing cheaper voice calls to end users over extant networks. Wireless networks such as WiMAX and
Wi-Fi focus on providing perfection of service for VoIP. However, there are numerous aspects that affect
quality of voice connections over wireless networks [13]. The adoption of Voice over Wireless Local Area
Network is on tremendous increase due its relief, non-invasive, economicexpansion, low maintenance cost,
universal coverage and basic roaming capabilities. However, expansion Voice over Internet Protocol
(VoIP) over Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is a challenging task for many network specialist and
engineers. Voice codec is one of the most critical components of a VoIP system. In this project, we evaluate
the performance analysis of various codecs such as G.711, G.723 and G.729 over Wi-Fi networks. NS2 WiFi simulation models are designed. Performance metrics such as Mean Opinion Score (MOS), average
end-to-end latency, and disconcert are evaluated and discussed [13]
CASE STUDY FOR PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF VOIP CODECS IN NON-MOBILITY SCENARIOSijcsity
IEEE 802.11 is the most popular standard for WLAN networks. It offers different physical transmission
rates. This paper focuses on this multi transmission rate of 802.11 WLANs and its effect on speech quality.
In non-adaptive systems, when the physical layer switches from a higher transmission rate to a lower one,
different than the one that the VoIP flow needs, the switching may result in congestion, high delay and
packet loss, and consequently speech quality degradation. However, there are some algorithms that adapt
the transmission parameters according to the channel conditions. In this study we demonstrate how
choosing parameter (different codec and packet size) can affect the voice quality, network delay and packet
loss. Further, this study presents a comparison between adaptive and non-adaptive methods. The adaptive method has also been evaluated for different congestion level from perceived speech quality point of view.
This research work investigates and improves the performance of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) traffic using IPV4 and IPV6 over WiMAX networks and the impact of various voice codec schemes and statistical distribution for Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) over WiMAX has been investigated in detail.
Comparisons of QoS in VoIP over WIMAX by Varying the Voice codes and Buffer sizeEditor IJCATR
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is developed for voice communications system based on voice packets transmitted over
IP network with real-time communications of voice across networks using the Internet protocols. Quality of Service (QoS) mechanism
is applied to guarantee successful voice packets transmitted over IP network with reduced delay or drop according to assigned priority
of voice packets. In this paper, the goal of simulation models is present to investigate the performance of VoIP codecs and buffer size
for improving quality of service (QoS) with the simulation results by using OPNET modeler version 14.5. The performance of the
proposed algorithm is analyzed and compared the quality of service for VoIP. The final simulated result shows that the VoIP service
performance best under G.729 voice encoder scheme and buffer size 256 Kb over WiMAX network.
The objective of study is to guarantee QoS for multiple service class traffic in a multiple connection environment and to examine a case of QoS deployment over a cellular WiMAX network. In particular, the thesis compares the performance how much bandwidth for voip
Inspection, Testing and Commissioning of Electrical Switchboards, Circuit Bre...Living Online
THE WORKSHOP:
Whether you are designing, specifying, installing, testing or commissioning electrical equipment from small to large commercial and industrial installations, you need to have a thorough understanding of switchboards, switchgear, circuit breakers and associated protective relays.
The overall focus of this workshop is on electrical inspection, testing and commissioning and will commence with a detailed examination of switchgear (and circuit breakers). Circuit breakers are critical components in electrical distribution systems and their operation significantly affects the overall operation of the system. Protection relays are then discussed. These are used in power systems to maximise continuity of supply and are found in both small and large power systems from generation, through transmission, distribution and utilisation of power in plant, industrial and commercial equipment.
We cover commissioning and periodic inspection of cables and their various failure modes and how to detect these faults. The often neglected topic of switchboards will be detailed next, followed by the interesting topic of interfacing to the control system (either PLC’s or other control devices).
Case studies and practical sessions are used throughout to illustrate key practical principles.
This workshop covers key elements in a practical and project focused way. Many people assume (wrongly) that inspecting, testing and commissioning is a fairly straightforward process and is simply a rubber stamp confirmation of a so-called outstanding design. Our experience in the field demonstrates quite the opposite; where the litany of problems ranges from design and installation errors to equipment manufacturing defects. It is best that these problems are identified and corrected before the inevitable downtime comes in an operational installation where many thousands of dollars are lost in correcting the faults. The situation today is made more challenging by the heightened safety requirements and interfacing to low powered electronic control and monitoring devices (such as PLC’s) using software that has to also be verified.
Hands on Data Communications, Networking & TCP/IP TroubleshootingLiving Online
THE WORKSHOP:
Data communication is given high priority in today’s industrial environment. This workshop is designed to be hands-on, providing the participants with essential knowledge and helping them to understand and troubleshoot systems.
This is a comprehensive two-day hands-on workshop that covers practical aspects of data communication such as serial communications, Ethernet networking, TCP/IP, Modbus, wireless communications and security.
This workshop is for enthusiastic engineers and technicians who wish to develop and enhance their practical knowledge in the field of data communications and networking. It will help them to understand the concepts behind data transmission, the various protocols involved, and the topologies that govern data exchange among various systems in industry. It will also equip them with the skills and tools to design and/or maintain these systems on an ongoing basis.
Fundamentals of Instrumentation, Process Control, PLCs and SCADA for Plant Op...Living Online
THE WORKSHOP:
This course represents a tremendous opportunity to gain expertise in all the key areas of the fast growing area of industrial automation in two days. Presented by an expert in the area but who is passionate with getting the key chunks of know-how and expertise across to you in a simple understandable manner which you can immediately apply to your job. This is most definitely not a boring lecture style presentation but an intensive learning experience where you will walk away with real skills as a result of the hands-on practical exercises, calculations, case studies and group sessions to ensure an understanding of the concepts and ideas discussed. You will undertake practical sessions at approximately 20 to 30 minute intervals to maximise the absorption rate.
Practical Alarm Management for Engineers and TechniciansLiving Online
The manual focuses on simple and practical information for personnel ranging from operators all the way up to supervisors, engineers and managers.
FOR MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-alarm-management-engineers-and-technicians-26?id=8
Practical Fibre Optics & Interfacing Techniques to Industrial Ethernet and Wi...Living Online
This manual will provide you with the necessary background to understand the fundamentals of fibre optic systems and their individual components including fibres, cable construction, connectors, splices and optical sources and detectors. Various pitfalls associated with the implementation of fibre optic systems are discussed and workable solutions to these problems are provided. It will provide you with the knowledge to develop the required techniques for design, installation and maintenance of fibre optic systems.
FOR MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-fibre-optics-and-interfacing-techniques-industrial-ethernet-and-wireless-23?id=58
Emergency Power Supplies: Electrical Distribution Design, Installation and Co...Living Online
This manual will enable you to understand the level of failure-proofing that specific equipment may require, evaluate available options objectively, specify the best and most economical solution, and manage the installation, commissioning and maintenance of the distribution system.
FOR MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/emergency-power-supplies-electrical-distribution-design-installation-and-commissioning-24?id=39
Electrical Substation and Switchyard DesignLiving Online
Electrical substations form important nodal points in all power networks. Substations can be of various capacities, voltages, configurations and types depending on what is the application for which the substation is being designed. Location and layout of a substation present a number of challenges to the designer due to a large variety of options available to a designer. There are ever so many constraints too that need to be kept in mind; technical, environmental and naturally financial. Arriving at an optimum design within these constraints is as much an art as it is a science. Designing a substation which will operate with utmost reliability for at the least three or four decades involves a thorough knowledge of the current state-of-the art equipment, emerging technologies, the tools for presenting and evaluating all available options and a good appreciation of power system operation and maintenance. This course will present a comprehensive capsule of all the knowledge essential for a substation designer and walk the participants through the substation design process using a set of interlinked case studies.
FOR MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/electrical-substation-and-switchyard-design-25
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
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Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
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Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
2. 1
Introduction
1.1 Overview
The objective of this course is to examine Voice over IP technologies comprehensively to
equip telecommunication personnel with the necessary information to successfully
implement a VoIP network in an organization. The course provides detailed information
on TCP/IP, converged networks, applications of converged networks– voice over IP, fax
over IP, video over IP, and the different protocols used such as, Real Time Protocol
(RTP), Real Time Control Protocol (RTCP), Resource Reservation Protocol (RSPV), Diff
Serv, MPLS , H.323 , MEGACO/MGCP and Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) etc. The
course also outlines the interface and hardware requirements and operation standards for
the VoIP. Also considered are issues related to implementation, cost benefits, quality of
service and testing and trouble shooting of VoIP applications.
1.2 Introduction
Voice Over IP (VOIP) is simply transport of voice traffic by using the Internet Protocol
on packet switched networks. But the question is when traditional telephony networks
are transporting carrier- grade voice in an efficient and satisfactory manner, using circuit
switching and giving five-nine reliability (only five minutes downtime per year) then why
VOIP is required. Traditional circuit switching technology though carries voice very well,
is not suitable for new age applications that are data centric. These new applications
include transfer of files on data networks, e-mail, instant messaging, world wide web etc.
There has been tremendous growth in data traffic over past couple of years and it is fast
catching up with the voice traffic. Personal Computers are widely deployed in offices,
work places, business places and households and they are interconnected as well. An
upshot of this is that there are two distinct and separate networks in most of the places
one for voice (real time applications) and other for data traffic. This is not a very
economical scenario. What is required is a unified network or more appropriately a
converged network.
3. 2 Practical Fundamentals of Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP) for Engineers and Technicians
Thus we can define VOIP as:
“ Voice Over IP (VOIP) is a converged network application that allows voice, data, video
and fax to be transported over existing IP data networks instead of conventional Public
Switched Telephone Network (PSTN).”
IP is an attractive choice for voice transport for many reasons-
• Lower Equipment Cost.
• Integration of Voice and Data application.
• Optimum Bandwidth Utilization.
• Universal Acceptance and Availability of IP as a networking protocol.
1.2.1 Lower equipment cost
Circuit Switched based networks are around for many decades and there are numerous
standards and technical specifications for circuit-switched telephony. Still the systems are
generally proprietary in nature. A switch from a given supplier will use proprietary
hardware, proprietary operating system and applications will run on proprietary software.
Therefore any requirement for up gradation, expansion will have to be made through
existing vendor, severely restricting the choice. IP based switch architecture is an open
and distributed architecture, modular in concept. Here each module can be sourced from
different vendors providing wider choice and networks are also highly scalable. Final
outcome is lower equipment cost.
1.2.2 Integration of voice and data application
IP offers a converged and unified platform for transport of data as well as voice.
1.2.3 Optimum bandwidth utilization
A circuit switched network requires 64 kbps bandwidth in each direction for a standard
telephone call. However over the years many bandwidth efficient coding algorithms have
been developed which are bandwidth efficient and consume 32, 16, 8, 6.3 Kbps
bandwidth. The legacy telephony networks cannot use these coding schemes, as it would
entail massive up gradation and investment at network as well as customer premises.
VOIP on the other hand can effectively use these coding schemes to optimize bandwidth
utilization.
1.2.4 Universal acceptance and availability of IP as a networking protocol
Almost all computing devices and processing devices use IP. IP is almost universally
deployed in all networked devices.
However theoretical considerations apart many challenges are to be met and impediments
to be overcome before VOIP is successfully implemented and widely deployed.
The problems in implementing VOIP are-
• Speech Quality.
• Delay (Latency).
• Jitter.
4. Introduction 3
• Packet Loss.
• Bandwidth
• Reliability
• Security
Speech quality
For VOIP to pose a serious challenge to circuit-switched telephony, the voice quality
provided by VOIP shall be as good as in telephony network. But IP is basically designed
for transporting data traffic and data traffic is asynchronous that is it can tolerate delay.
Voice traffic on the other hand is synchronous, that is it is real time and delay sensitive.
Any appreciable delay in receipt of voice packet will badly impair the quality of speech.
Delay (Latency)
The requirement of real time communications (voice traffic) are exactly opposite to the
requirement of data. Voice is tolerant of packet loss, provided lost packets are kept to a
small percentage of total traffic (less than five percent). Voice is however do not tolerate
delay. The ITU-T recommendation G.114 states that the round trip delay should be less
than 300 ms for telephony applications, or end-to-end delay requirement of less than 150
ms. In a multiservice network, the total delay experienced by a packet is sum total of
various factor as outlined below.
1. Packetization Delay - It is the time taken by endpoints to create the packets for
transmission. This means that voice samples are accumulated before putting them
into frame for transmission and Packetization delay is caused by the amount of
time it takes to fill a packet with data. As per RFC 1890 the default Packetization
period shall be 20 ms.
2. Algorithmic Delay- This delay is introduced by the CODEC used by terminal and
it is an inherent feature of coding algorithm. The algorithmic delays of common
codecs are as follows:
Coding Standards Algorithmic Delay (ms)
G.711 0.125
G.726 1
G.728 3-5
G.729 15
G.723.1 37.5
3. Serialization Delay - The delay which takes place to serialize the digital data onto
a physical links of the interconnecting equipment. This delay is inversely
proportional to the link speed. Therefore faster the link lesser is serialization
delay.
4. Propagation Delay- This is the time required for the electrical or optical signal to
travel along a transmission medium and is a function of the geographic distance.
The accepted formula for calculating propagation delay is:
Propagation delay in seconds = Circuit km/(299,300km*.6)
5. 4 Practical Fundamentals of Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP) for Engineers and Technicians
For example one-way propagation delay of 6000 km fiber run (ignoring any
signal repeaters in between) is = 6000/ (299,300km*.6) = 0.034 sec = 33.4 ms.
5. Queuing Delay- Is the amount of time that a packet remains buffered in a network
element awaiting transmission. It is a major contributor of delay. To reduce it
adequate bandwidth and resources are required.
6. Packet Switching delay - The time taken by a router or switch to buffer a packet
before transmitting out in the right interface. This delay depends on the
architecture of the router or switch.
Jitter
Jitter is variation in delay. If there is some delay in conversation then it is possible to
adjust the delay provided the delay remains constant. Jitter is caused in IP networks in
two ways, first packets take different routes from source to destination and experience
different delays. Secondly different packets experience different queuing time, due to
sharing of available resources by different users. Jitter is not an issue in circuit –switched
telephony as there is a dedicated one to one path between source and destination. For
example in VOIP environment, with a constant packet transmission rate of every 20 ms,
every packet would be expected to arrive at the destination exactly every 20 ms. However
this situation is not always present. Some packets may arrive on time but others may get
delayed. To take care of jitter problems Media gateways have play out buffers that buffer
a packet stream so that the reconstructed voice waveform is not affected by the packet
jitter. Play out buffers can minimize the effects of jitter but cannot eliminate severe jitter.
Packet loss
VOIP is based on packet switched network architecture that is voice is first digitized,
packetized and then transported in the form of packets. If packets are lost in transit then
unlike in data traffic where lost packets can be retransmitted, any retransmission will
introduce delay badly impairing the quality of voice.