The document discusses the importance of irrigation for agriculture, outlining various types such as surface, drip, and sprinkler irrigation, and the issues associated with these systems. It highlights automation technologies including time-based, volume-based, and sensor-based systems, specifically focusing on soil moisture sensors for effective water management. The conclusion emphasizes the effectiveness of a microcontroller-based drip irrigation system in enhancing productivity, reducing water consumption, and modernizing agricultural practices.

1. POINTS TO BE COVERED
 INTRODUCTION
 TYPES OF IRRIGATIONS
 PROBLEMS ON IRRIGATION SYSTEM
 TYPE OF AUTOMATION
 SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR
 CONTROL UNIT
 LITERATURE REVIEW
 ADVANTAGES
 CONCLUSION

2. INTRODUCTION
 Irrigation is the artificial application of water to
the land or soil.
 It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural
crops, maintenance of landscapes, and
revegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and
during periods of inadequate rainfall.
 irrigation also has a few other uses in crop
production, which include protecting plants
against frost.

3. TYPES OF IRRIGATIONS
 Surface Irrigation
 Drip Irrigation
 Sprinkler Irrigation

4. PROBLEMS IN IRRIGATION
 Over Irrigation because of poor distribution
and management of waste water.
 Under Irrigation leads to increased soil salinity
with consequent buildup of toxic salt due to
evaporation.
 Farm Lands & Fields situated miles away from
your home. Extensive travel required,
sometimes several times in a day to start &
stop the irrigation water pumps.
 Land is more, we need more manpower.

5. TYPES OF AUTOMATION
A. Time Based System
It is based on the time.
B. Volume Based System
It is based on quantity/volume of water.
C. Sensor Based System
It is the moisture sensing system.

6. SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR
 Soil moisture sensor measures the water content in
soil.
 Soil moisture sensor measures some other property,
such as electrical resistivity, dielectric constant.
 It gives a voltage output corresponding to the
conductivity of the soil. The conductivity of soil varies
depending upon the amount of moisture present in it.
It increases with increase in the water content of the
soil. The higher the water content in the soil, the
lower the electrical resistance.
.

7. CONTROL UNIT
 The basic operation of control unit is the
controlling solenoid by microcontroller which is
defined by particular program.
 solenoid is connected with an output pin of
microcontroller via a relay circuit which is
connected with a transistor.

8. SOLENOID
 Electromagnetic device which produces a
magnetic field when electric current passed
through it.
 These are used mainly in opening and closing
of valves.
 Operation of valves is done using a relay
circuit.

9. RELAY CIRCUIT
 A relay is an electrical switch
that uses an electromagnet to
move the switch from the off
to on position instead of a
person moving the switch .

10. LITERATURE REVIEW
 Wireless application of drip irigation supported by
soil moisture sensors,volume 6(7)
Author Name - Mahir Dursun and Semih Ozden
Date - 4th april, 2011
In this study, a wireless data acquisition network was
implemented and applied to irrigate dwarf cherry trees.
The application of sensor-based site specific irrigation
has some advantages such as preventing moisture
stress of trees, diminishing of excessive waster usage.

11. ADVANTAGES
 This makes increase in productivity
 Reduces water consumption
 Reduces manpower
 Much land will be irrigated

12. CONCLUSION
 The Microcontroller based drip irrigation
system proves to be a real time
feedback control system which monitors and
controls all the activities of drip irrigation
system efficiently. The present proposal is a
model to modernize the agriculture industries
at a mass scale with optimum expenditure.
Using this system, one can save manpower,
water to improve production and ultimately
profit.