The document traces the evolution of irrigation methods from traditional human and animal-powered techniques to modern electric, diesel, solar, and smart irrigation systems. Early methods included joto irrigation powered by humans and Persian water wheels driven by animals. Later, diesel and electric pumps were introduced but were costly to maintain, operate, and not always accessible. More recently, solar panels have enabled off-grid irrigation and reduced fossil fuel dependence while sprinkler, drip, and sensor-based irrigation now deliver water directly to plant roots more efficiently.

1. JOURNEY OF IRRIGATION METHODS

2. Traditional irrigation method
•Joto is one of the method
• Source is human power
•Persian Water Wheel method
• Source is animal power
•Chakram irrigation method
• Source is human power

4. Engine era
•Peter type diesel engine
• Maintenance is too much.
• Diesel and Mobil oil consumption.
•Tractor powered water pump
• Source is tractor engine.
• Not available at every place.

5. Electric water pumps era
•Ground pumps
• Source is Electricity
• To much costly
• Un-protected from rain
• Load shedding
•Submersible water pumps
• Difficult Maintenance
• Costly
• Specially design well

6. Solar panels era
•Solar powered DC submersible pump
• Decrease growing demand of electricity operated irrigation pumps.
• Reduce dependency on imported liquid fuel (Diesel).
• Reduce installation space.
•Solar powered AC ground pump
• Large PV arrays are required.
• Un-protected from rain.

7. Modern irrigation methods
•Sprinkler Irrigation Method
• Water sprinklers are used to irrigate the field.
• sprinklers are connected directly with the pump.
•Drip Irrigation Method
• Through a network of valves, tubes, and emitters.
• Delivery of water directly to the roots.
•Moisture sensor Irrigation Method.
• estimate soil volumetric water content.
• Irrigate the field as per requirement.
• Reduce the number of unnecessary irrigation events.