Autistic disorder is a pervasive developmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and communication skills as well as restrictive and repetitive behaviors. It begins in childhood and can last throughout life. While the exact causes are unknown, autism may involve differences in brain structure and function as well as genetic factors. Diagnosis involves evaluation by an autism specialist and is usually made by age 3. Treatment includes early intervention, education programs, family support, and in some cases medication to increase learning and communication abilities and reduce problematic behaviors.
ADHD also known as hyperkinetic disorder is a common childhood disorder among school aged children that is characterised by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity resulting in an underachievement in the school or work performance.
Personality disorder ppt MENTAL HEALTH NURSINGvihang tayde
Most definition of normal personality includes some or all of the following features,
Present since adolescence.
Stable overtime despite fluctuations in mood.
Manifest in different environment.
Recognizable to friends and acquaintance.
Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks.
hii guys this is my ongoing presentation from my speciality class i hope u guys lije that please so i hope it is been useful for u in ur specialities by getting little help with that
ADHD also known as hyperkinetic disorder is a common childhood disorder among school aged children that is characterised by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity resulting in an underachievement in the school or work performance.
Personality disorder ppt MENTAL HEALTH NURSINGvihang tayde
Most definition of normal personality includes some or all of the following features,
Present since adolescence.
Stable overtime despite fluctuations in mood.
Manifest in different environment.
Recognizable to friends and acquaintance.
Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks.
hii guys this is my ongoing presentation from my speciality class i hope u guys lije that please so i hope it is been useful for u in ur specialities by getting little help with that
This slide is part of a collection of exam revision slides from Atypical Child Development. The slides have been created by me, and based on several different research papers. The slides were created for essay exam.
Turner syndrome is a chromosomal condition
that alters development in females. Women with this condition tend to be
shorter than average and are usually unable to conceive a child (infertile)
because of an absence of ovarian function. Other features of this condition
that can vary among women who have Turner syndrome include: extra skin on the
neck (webbed neck), puffiness or swelling (lymphedema) of the hands and feet,
skeletal abnormalities, heart defects and kidney problems.
This condition occurs in about 1 in 2,500
female births worldwide, but is much more common among pregnancies that do not
survive to term (miscarriages and stillbirths).
Turner syndrome is a chromosomal condition
related to the X chromosome.
[ghr.nlm.nih.gov]
Researchers have not yet determined which
genes on the X chromosome are responsible for most signs and symptoms of Turner
syndrome. They have, however, identified one gene called SHOX that is important
for bone development and growth. Missing one copy of this gene likely causes
short stature and skeletal abnormalities in women with Turner syndrome.
07-08-2013
Faculty of medicine of Syrian Private University.
Please LIKE my page! http://facebook.com/NawrasAlHalabi
متلازمة كلاينفلتر وتقانات أطفال الأنابيب
.كلية الطب البشري في الجامعة السورية الخاصة
Understanding ADHD and Other Behavioral Problems in Childrenarambe
ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), ODD (oppositional defiant disorder), CD (conduct disorder) and Autism are some of the most common behavioral problems in many children and understanding these behaviors is critical to being able to deal with them.
This presentation was done five years ago while I was the National Christian Education Association President at my church and I just thought that there might be many of you out there (teachers, parents, caregivers, peers, etc) who would find this research intructive. Enjoy and share!
Behavioral Management Technique For Patient With Special Needs DrGhadooRa
done by : ( ABCD'S &G )
alaa ba-jafar
abrar alshahranii
sahab filfilan
nada alharbi
shahd rajab
Ghadeer suwaimil
I hope that you enjoy and you benefit❤
Autism is a disease spectrum comprising 4 disorders manifested by disturbed social, emotional and intellectual abilities of a child. This presentation is a brief description of characteristics , problems and management of of an autistic child.
Why do children with autism need special care in the first place?Children with autism are different. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental disability; signs typically appear during early childhood and affect a person’s ability to communicate, and interact with others. Some of the behaviors associated with autism include
•delayed learning of language
•difficulty making eye contact or holding a conversation
•narrow or intense interests
•poor motor skills
•sensory sensitivities
this ppt is used for presentation in public flora as well as for doctors.this is not for commercial purpose. it is only for educating.if any unwarranted mistakes are present please forgive me
Psychosocial care of coronavirus disease 2019Nursing Path
The novel Coronavirus (nCoV) epidemic in 2019 -2020 has recently emerged. The route of transmission is not totally known, although it is known that it can spread from person to person, and local health care systems may be ill-equipped to handle a large-scale outbreak.
The blood electrolytes—sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate—help regulate nerve and muscle function and maintain acid-base balance and water balance. ... Thus, having electrolytes in the right concentrations (called electrolyte balance) is important in maintaining fluid balance among the compartments
Hospital infection control programs can help healthcare organizations monitor and improve practices, identify risks and proactively establish policies to prevent the spread of infections
Outcome-based education (OBE) is an educational theory that bases each part of an educational system around goals (outcomes). By the end of the educational experience, each student should have achieved the goal.
Assessment is part of the everyday activities of nursing professionals. Assessment is the only way by which a teacher can know how successful his teaching was and what areas in teaching need improvement.
A mental health disorder characterised by feelings of worry, anxiety or fear that are strong enough to interfere with one's daily activities.
The term "anxiety disorder" refers to specific psychiatric disorders that involve extreme fear or worry, and includes generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder and panic attacks, agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder, selective mutism, separation anxiety, and specific phobias.
Selection and organization of learning experienceNursing Path
Curriculum is the educational design of learning experiences for the students. Curricular experiences include course content as well as learning activities. The selection and organization of curricular experiences must also reflect the philosophy of the school. The identifying and organizing of curricular experiences begins with the analysis of curriculum objectives. The most commonly used approach in selecting learning experiences is the logical approach in which the process is treated as content in curriculum development.
Universal health coverage (UHC) means that all people and communities can use the promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative and palliative health services they need, of sufficient quality to be effective, while also ensuring that the use of these services does not expose the user to financial hardship.
Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the small air sacs known as alveoli. Typically symptoms include some combination of productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever, and trouble breathing.
Swine influenza is an infection caused by any one of several types of swine influenza viruses. Swine influenza virus (SIV) or swine-origin influenza virus (S-OIV) is any strain of the influenza family of viruses that is endemic in pigs
Abortion is the ending of pregnancy by removing an embryo or fetus before it can survive outside the uterus. An abortion that occurs spontaneously is also known as a miscarriage.
The enterobacteriaceae basic properties.ppsx xNursing Path
The Enterobacteriaceae are a large family of Gram-negative bacteria that includes, along with many harmless symbionts, many of the more familiar pathogens, such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Yersinia pestis, Klebsiella, and Shigella.
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
2. CONCEPT…
• A pervasive development disorder.
• Autistic disorder is characterized by
inappropriate responses to the environment &
pronounced impairments in language,
communication, & social interaction.
• It begins during childhood & lasts throughout life.
• Typically, the autistic child has disordered
thinking.
• He may have severe learning difficulties,
impaired intelligence, & difficulty understanding &
using language.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
3. Count…
• He has trouble understanding the feelings of
others & the world around him.
• Also, he may demonstrate repetitive, self-
injurious, or other abnormal behaviors.
• An autistic child appears aloof from others &
lacks interested in social interactions
• Autistic disorder occurs in 10 t012 of every
10,000 children & is up to five times more
common in boys than girls.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
4. CAUSES
• No known single cause for autistic exist, but
some studies suggest it may stem from
abnormalities in brain structure or function.
Brain scans show differences in brain shape
& structure in autistic children.
• Other possible causes of autistic disorder
include medical problems & a genetic
predisposition. Couples with one autistic child
have roughly a 7% chance of having another.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
5. Count…
• Researchers are also investigating possible
links between autism and:
Pregnancy or delivery complications
Environmental factors, such as viral
infections, infant vaccines, metabolic
imbalances, & exposure to environmental
chemicals.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
6. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• Autism may cause symptoms during infancy. It’s
commonly discovered when parents notice their
child doesn't appear to hear.
• Young children with autism usually have impaired
language development & difficulty expressing
their needs. They may laugh or cry for no
apparent reason. Even those who gain
rudimentary language skills can’t communicate
effectively.
• Other sign & symptoms of autism include:
Indifference toward others
Delayed & impaired verbal & nonverbal communication
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
7. Count…
Abnormal speech patterns, such as
echolalia.
Lack of intonation & expression in speech.
Repetitive rocking motions.
Hand flapping
Insistence on sameness
Dislike of changes in daily activities &
routines.
Self-injurious behaviors, such as head-
banging, hitting, or biting.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
8. Count…
Unusual fascination with inanimate
objects, such as fans & air conditioners.
Dislike of touching & cuddling
Frequent outbursts & tantrums
Little or no eye contact with others
Increase or decreased sensitivity to pain
No fear of danger.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
9. DIAGNOSIS
• Usually, autistic disorder is diagnosed by age 3.
• After ruling out other disorders (such as
neurological disorders, hearing loss, speech
problem, & mental retardation), the pediatrician
typically refers the child to an autism specialist.
The professional may be a child psychiatrist,
child psychologist, developmental pediatrician,
or pediatric neurologist.
• The autism specialist used various methods to
identify the disorder, including a standardized
rating scale to help evaluate the child’s social
behavior & language.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
10. Count…
• Developmental screening may reveal
behaviors that suggest autism, such as:
Failure to babble or coo by age 12 months
Failure to gesture (point, wave, or grasp) by
age 12 months
Failure to say single words by age 16
months
Failure to say two-word phrases on his own
by age 24 months
Loss of language or social skills at any age.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
11. Count…
• After evaluation & testing, the autism
specialist diagnosed autistic disorder based
on clear evidence of:
Poor or limited social relationships
Underdeveloped communication skills
Repetitive behaviors, activities, & interests.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
12. TREATMENT
• A combination of early intervention, special
education, family support, & in some cases
medication may help some autistic children lead
more normal lives.
• Early intervention & special education programs
may increase the child’s capacity to learn,
communicate, & relate to others. This approach
also may reduce the severity & frequency of
disruptive behaviors.
• Although no drug has been shown to treat autistic
disorder successfully, stimulants such as
methylphenidate may reduce inattentiveness,
impulsivity, & overactivity in some children.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
13. Count…
• However, stimulants also may increase the
child’s internal preoccupation, stereotypical
behavior & social withdrawal.
• SSRIs may be useful in managing compulsive
behavior, irritability, & withdrawal.
• Family counseling can help the family better
understand the disorder & assist them with
coping strategies & behavior modification
therapies.
• In some situations, home care is available to
assist with the child’s physical or behavioral
management in the home.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
14. NURSING INTERVENTION
• Choose your words carefully when speaking to
a verbal autistics child. The child is likely to
interpret words concretely & may interpret a
harmless request as a threat.
• Offer emotional support & information to the
parents. Suggest they meet with parents of
other autistic children for advice on coping with
tantrums, toilet training, & other problems.
• To promote communication, advice the parents
to have close, face-to-face contact with child.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
15. Count…
• Teach the parents to maintain a regular,
predictable daily routine, with consistent times
for waking up, dressing, eating, attending
school, & going to bed.
• Suggest that the parents use a picture board
showing the activities that will occur during the
day to help the child make transitions more
easily.
• If the child’s routine must changed, instruct the
parents to prepare the child for the changes.
• Advise the parents to avoid situations known to
trigger out bursts.www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
16. Count…
• Teach the parents how to recognize the behaviors
that precede temper tantrums, such as increased
hand flapping. Instruct them to intervene before a
tantrum occurs.
• Instruct the parents on ways to make the home safer-
for instance, by installing locks & gates so the child
can’t wander unsupervised.
• If the child’s behavior is self-injurious, advise the
parents on ways to prevent injury.
• Inform the parents that punishment may worsen self-
injurious behavior
• Help the parents devise a plan to improve behavior
by giving tangible rewards for desired behavior.
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in