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Oppositional defiant disorder
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is characterized by hostile and defiant behavior toward authority figures that is worse than typical behavior seen in other children of the same age. Symptoms include arguing, actively defying or refusing to comply with requests and rules, and deliberately annoying others. ODD affects around 5-15% of school-aged children, with onset usually between ages 3-19. Risk factors include parental rejection, inconsistent parenting, and family conflict. Treatment focuses on meeting the psychological needs of both the child and family through therapies that improve communication and behavior management.
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Oppositional defiant disorder
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- 2. CONCEPT… All childrensometimes talk back, argue, disobey, & defy their parents or teachers – especially when they’re hungry, tired, or stressed. In fact, for toddlers age 2 or 3 & for young adolescents, such oppositional behavior may be a normal part of development. Hostile, uncooperative behavior in a child may signal ODD if it’s more consistent & severe than that of other children of the same age & development level - & if such behavior affects the child’s social, family, & academic life. A child with ODD is consistently negative, disobedient, argumentative, & hostile. He behaves in a provocative manner deliberatively meant to annoy & upset authority www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
- 3. Count… During anargument, a child with ODD dosen’t back down, even if he stands to lose privileges. To him, the important things is the struggle, which overshadows the reality of the situation. If anyone objects to his behavior, he views it as stimulation to continue the argument. ODD may be a precursor to conduct disorder www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
- 4. EPIDEMILOGY… Roughly 5%to 15% of school-age children have ODD. Onset occurs between ages 3 & 19. Before puberty, ODD is more common in boys. After puberty, it affects both genders equally. www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
- 5. CAUSES No known biologicalbasis for ODD exists. Risk Factors: Parental rejection Inconsistent, unsupervised child rearing. Inconsistent or punitive discipline or limit setting Parental modeling of defiant interactions with others Family conflict Marital discord between the child’s parent Disrupted child care with a succession of different caregivers. www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
- 6. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Signs& symptoms of ODD usually occur in more than one setting, although they may be more noticeable at home or at school. They include: Persistent or consistent pattern of defiant, disobedient, hostile behavior. Disobeying directly by not following rules Disobeying indirectly by procrastinating & being sneaky Refusing to cooperate Being touchy & easily annoyed Frequent bouts of anger & resentment.www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
- 7. Count… Persistent fighting Excessive arguing Stubbornness Testing of behavior limits Temper tantrum Deliberate attempts to upset or annoy people Vindictiveness Blaming others for his own misbehavior Violating other’s rights. www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
- 8. TREATMENT Treatment ofODD focuses on meeting the child’s & family’s psychological & psychosocial needs - & preventing ODD from progressing to conduct disorder. The child may benefit from individual psychotherapy, with an emphasis on anger management. Parents may benefit from training programs that teach them how to mange the child’s behavior. Together, the parents & child may undergo family psychotherapy to improve communication. Usually, drug therapy is reserved for children who also have symptoms of anxiety or depression. www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
- 9. NURSING INTERVENTION Conveyacceptance to help establish a trusting relationship. Discuss with the child the limits & consequences of oppositional behavior. Help him address negative feelings – especially anger & resentment. Determine appropriate strategies for handling these feelings. Assist him in addressing situations & issues that trigger negative thoughts & feelings. Discuss strategies he can use to control negative situations. Help the child learn to accept responsibility for hiswww.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
- 10. Count… Teach himhow to express anger appropriately & control his temper. Identify his use of passive-aggressive behavior, evaluate its effect on others, & devise strategies to eliminate it. Teach the child problem-solving & communication skills. Provide role-playing opportunities so he can become comfortable & self-confident when using these new skills. Reinforce the child’s acceptable behavior & positive behavior changes. Work with the child & his family to address conflict, clear expectations, & improvement inwww.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in
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