- Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the main carrier of energy within cells. It is produced through processes like photosynthesis, fermentation, and cellular respiration and provides energy for cellular activities when it is hydrolyzed to adenosine diphosphate (ADP). ADP can then be converted back to ATP. - Creatine phosphate (CP) stores energy in muscle tissue and enables explosive muscle power for up to 10 seconds. It donates a phosphate group to ADP to rapidly regenerate ATP during intense muscle efforts. Supplementing with creatine can increase muscle CP levels. - Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the minimum calorie needs of the body

2. ENERGETICS
• THE BRANCH OF SCIENCE WHICH DEALS WITH THE PROPERTIES OF
ENERGY AND THE WAY IN WHICH IT IS REDISTRIBUTED IN PHYSICAL,
CHEMICAL, OR BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES.
• IN OTHER WORDS, IT IS THE STUDY OF CHEMICAL CHANGES CAUSED
BY ENERGY.
Formation & role of the ATP
• Adenosine triphosphate, also known as ATP, is a molecule that carries
energy within cells.
• ATP is the main carrier of energy that is used for all cellular activities.

3. • When ATP is hydrolyzed and converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP),
energy is released.

4. • ADP can also be converted back into ATP so that the energy is available
for other cellular reactions.
• ATP is produced through several different methods.
• Photophosphorylation is a method specific to plants and cyanobacteria. It
is the creation of ATP from ADP using energy from sunlight, and occurs
during photosynthesis.
• Fermentation is another way of producing ATP that does not require
oxygen; it is different from anaerobic respiration because it does not use
an electron transport chain.

5. • Yeast and bacteria are examples of organisms that use fermentation to
generate ATP.
Formation & role of the Creatinine Phosphate
• Phosphocreatine, also known as Creatine phosphate(CP or PCr), is an
energy source for muscle contraction naturally present in the skeletal
muscle tissue of humans and other vertebrates.
• It enables the expression of explosive power in the muscles, lasting no
longer than eight to 12 seconds.

6. • It is an organic compound of creatine and phosphoric acid.
• It is a phosphorylated creatine molecule that serves as a rapidly
moblizable reserve of high energy phosphates in Skeletal muscle,
myocard, & the Brain to recycle ATP.
History • The discovery of phosphocreatine was reported by Grace and
Philip Eggleton of the University of Cambridge.
Function
• Phosphocreatine can anaerobically donate a phosphate
group to ADP to form ATP during the first two to seven
seconds following an intense muscular or neuronal effort.

7. THE PHOSPHOCREATINE CYCLE
• Muscle fatigue is noticeable by the end of the phosphocreatine cycle. After
10 seconds of muscle contraction, the muscles are able to use anaerobic
glycolysis and aerobic glycolysis pathways to provide energy.
• Phosphocreatine is regenerated by the liver, pancreas, and kidneys. Fast-
twitch skeletal muscles store more phosphocreatine to have available for
short periods of intense muscle contraction.
• By middle age, people have lower phosphocreatine stores in their muscles.

8. • For sports and exercises that require explosive muscle contraction, there is a
lot of interest in maximizing phosphocreatine in the muscles to boost
performance.
• If you have more phosphocreatine in a muscle, you are able to endure a
longer period of intense muscle contraction before the muscle is fatigued and
loses power.
• Weight lifting, sprinting, basketball, football, ice hockey, cycling, tennis and
field sports could benefit from a longer phosphocreatine phase.

9. • Dietary creatine supplementation can increase the total creatine concentration
in the muscles.
• Naturally-occurring creatine in red meat is one source.

10. • Other nutrients can boost uptake of creatine by the muscles, especially
carbohydrates such as glucose and simple sugars.
BMR
• It stands for BASAL METABOLIC RATE.
• Basal Metabolic Rate is the number of calories required to keep your body
functioning at rest.
• It is the rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at
rest.

11. • BMR represents the number of calories
you would burn in a day if you were
inactive and stayed in bed all day.
• The BMR calculator allows you to
calculate not only the number of calories
you burn when inactive, but also a daily
calorie figure that takes into account
your lifestyle activity level.

12. • BMR is also known as your body's metabolism; therefore, any increase to
your metabolic weight, such as exercise, will increase your BMR.
Men BMR = (10 × weight in kg) + (6.25 ×
height in cm) - (5 × age in years) + 5
Women
BMR = (10 × weight in kg) + (6.25 ×
height in cm) - (5 × age in years) -
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BMR FORMULA
• Above formula is given by Harris & Benedict so it is called Harris-Benedict
equation.

13. Role of BMR
• Once we know our BMR, we can use it to calculate the calories you actually
burn in a day.
• From there, you can determine how many calories you need to eat to gain
muscle, lose fat, or maintain your weight.
• The overall number of calories your body uses on a daily basis is referred to
as your “Total Daily Energy Expenditure" (TDEE). It's determined based on
your BMR as well as your activity level throughout the day.
• This varies significantly based on your activity level, age, and sex.
• Generally, men have a higher TDEE than women because they have more
muscle mass, and both TDEE and BMR tend to fall regardless of gender as you
age.