Arousal
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The document defines arousal as an organism's overall state of alertness and readiness for action. It explains that arousal is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system, which prepares the body for quick action during threats by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, and sweat gland activity. The document evaluates the use of polygraphs to measure physiological changes associated with arousal and their limitation as a lie detector, which assumes lying produces increased arousal that can be detected by comparing responses to control and relevant questions.
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This document discusses the nervous and endocrine systems, which are responsible for communication within the body. The nervous system uses electrically connected nerve cells to control thoughts, senses, movement and functions like breathing, often through voluntary responses. The endocrine system uses physically disconnected glands and hormones to help regulate growth, development and environmental responses, which are always involuntary. A stimulus can elicit chemical, cellular or behavioral changes in living systems. The document provides an example of a fly approaching a banana as a stimulus, and a hand swatting it away as a voluntary nervous system response.
stress and Anxiety Disorder
This document discusses stress and anxiety disorders. It defines stress as a set of emotional, physical, and cognitive reactions to change, which can be either positive or negative. Stress is caused when there is a perceived discrepancy between the demands of a situation and a person's resources. The general adaptation syndrome describes the body's three stage response to stress - alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. Persistent stress that is not resolved can lead to mental and physical problems.
Pathophysiology of cns
prepared by MD, PhD, Associate Professor. Marta R. Gerasymchuk. Pathophysiology department of Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University
control and coordination class 10 NCERT pdf notes
Here's a brief introduction to control and coordination class 10 science:
"Control and coordination are fundamental processes in living organisms that ensure proper functioning and response to stimuli. In simpler terms, control refers to the regulation of various activities within an organism, while coordination involves the harmonious integration of these activities. In humans and many other animals, control and coordination are primarily carried out by the nervous system and the endocrine system. The nervous system allows for rapid responses to stimuli through nerve impulses, while the endocrine system regulates physiological processes using chemical messengers called hormones. Together, these systems ensure that organisms can adapt to changes in their environment, maintain internal balance (homeostasis), and carry out essential functions for survival and well-being."
For more information, visit- www.vavaclasses.com
Chapter 16
The document discusses sensory, motor, and integrative systems. It describes how sensory impulses are integrated in the central nervous system and examples of complex integrative functions. Each unique type of sensation is called a sensory modality. The process of sensation begins with stimulation of a sensory receptor and transduction of the stimulus into nerve impulses which are then integrated. Sensory receptors can be classified based on their structure, location, and the type of stimulus detected. Pain perception serves an important protective function. Proprioception involves receptors that monitor muscle length and tension. The pathways for somatic sensory and motor signals in the spinal cord and brain are described.
finalppt phy..pptx
The document summarizes the nervous system response to exercise. It describes the central and peripheral nervous systems, including their components and functions. It explains how exercise impacts the nervous system in both short and long-term ways by enhancing neurotransmitters and pathways for oxygen. Regular exercise is shown to lower sympathetic nervous system activity and encourage parasympathetic activity. The benefits of exercise on the nervous system include neurological development, neuroplasticity, coordination, mood regulation, improved sleep, enhanced immune function, and reduced stress/anxiety.
Perception & peripheral nervous system (pns)
This document summarizes key concepts related to perception and the peripheral nervous system. It discusses perception as the process of organizing and interpreting sensations to recognize meaningful objects and events. It outlines Weber's law and Gestalt laws of perception, including similarity, simplicity, proximity, continuity, and closure. The peripheral nervous system connects the central nervous system to organs and limbs, and consists of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems. The somatic system controls voluntary muscle movement, while the autonomic system regulates involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion.
Chapter 2 Body Coordination
This document summarizes the nervous and endocrine systems that coordinate the human body. It discusses:
- Nervous coordination is controlled by the nervous system and examples include walking and writing. Hormonal coordination is controlled by the endocrine system and examples include body growth and food digestion.
- The nervous system consists of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (spinal and cranial nerves). Stimuli are received by receptors and transmitted via neurons to the CNS which coordinates responses by effectors.
- The endocrine system consists of glands like the pituitary, thyroid and ovaries/testes that secrete hormones to regulate functions like metabolism and growth. Disorders can result
Autonomic nervous system
The document discusses the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which regulates involuntary body functions. It is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. The sympathetic system activates the fight or flight response through increased heart rate and breathing. The parasympathetic system stimulates rest and digestion. Aging causes various changes to the ANS that impair the body's ability to react to stimuli and regulate functions, though memory loss is usually mild. Efficiency of the ANS declines with age, leading to issues like dry eyes and constipation.
What is co ordination?
Learn about Co-ordination in Animals. Find out how plants coordinate their inside world. Understand the basic of Nervous system.
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Values
This document discusses values and asks the reader to identify their top five values. It defines values as things that are important in how one lives and works. It then asks the reader to answer yes or no about lying to a friend and discusses scenarios where a friend shares a secret or about accepting refugees in Australia. Readers are asked to identify the values underlying the different choices and are then prompted to write down and explain their own top five values to a partner.
Strenghts defining moments
This document discusses personal development and defining moments. It includes challenges like pushups and an exercise where participants share defining moments in their lives when they overcame challenges through their strengths. Participants are asked to identify their own strengths and how they can practice using them more every day. They are also asked to imagine what their future would look like if they used their strengths at 100% daily.
Purpose
This document discusses finding one's purpose in life. It provides quotes about how the most important days are when you are born and when you discover your purpose. It encourages spending time writing about what you would do if you couldn't fail, and reflecting on what is deeply important like what kind of person you want to be. The document prompts reflecting on lists of dreams and goals, and what might stop us from believing these things are possible, like being outside our comfort zone, other people, or self doubt. It suggests collecting visual items that reflect one's purpose or passion.
Labeling
This document discusses labels and stereotypes. It defines a label as anything used to refer to a person or group, and a stereotype as a classification that assumes everyone in a group is the same based on limited understanding. It gives the example stereotype of Goths being labeled as wearing black clothes and makeup, being depressed, and disliked by society. The document goes on to describe an exercise where students attach labels to their foreheads and interact as if at a party to experience how it feels to be wrongly labeled or stereotyped. It prompts reflecting on whether students experience wrongful labels and listing positive qualities that reflect who they are.
Lesson 2 judgement of flavours
Flavour is a perceptual experience that results from a combination of taste and other sensations, while taste is the sense that distinguishes between sweet, sour, salty, and bitter qualities of substances in the mouth. The perception of flavour is influenced by numerous factors, including expectations based on prior ideas of how foods should taste (perceptual set), colour intensity, and texture. Texture contributes to flavour through the surface area of food that comes into contact with taste receptors - drinking carrot juice provides an immediate blast of flavour compared to eating a chunk of carrot, as the juice allows for maximum contact with receptors.
Lesson 1 visual illusion
The document discusses two common visual illusions: the Muller-Lyer illusion and the Ames room illusion. It provides learning objectives about explaining how these illusions distort visual perception. For the Muller-Lyer illusion, it evaluates biological, psychological, and social explanations, including that we evolved to perceive in 3D rather than 2D, and that our experiences of architecture can influence our perceptions. The Ames room illusion makes objects appear to change in size due to variations in perceived distance within a specially constructed room.
Lesson 6 influences on tate perception
Santa drank some beer from the fridge but immediately spit it out. Using his knowledge of the three stages of gustatory sensation, he was able to recognize that the beer had gone bad. The three stages are:
1. Reception - Molecules in the bad beer stimulated Santa's taste buds when dissolved by saliva.
2. Transduction - The receptor cells on Santa's taste buds converted the chemical energy into nerve impulses.
3. Transmission - The nerve impulses were sent to Santa's brain via electrochemical messages from the taste buds.
Lesson 5 taste perception - mouth to brain
Taste perception involves stimulus reception by taste receptors in taste buds located on papillae in the tongue. This stimulation is transduced by gustatory neurons into neural signals that travel to the primary gustatory cortex in the brain for perception of the five basic tastes: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami.
Perceptual constancy and set
Camouflage is most effective when the appearance of an object, or figure, blends in with the characteristics of the background, or ground. A tiger's bright orange stripes strongly contrast with a grey urban landscape, making it easily visible, whereas in a jungle setting its camouflage allows it to blend in among the yellows, oranges, and browns of the vegetation. Perceptual constancy refers to perceiving an object as remaining the same despite changes to the image on the retina, while perceptual set is a predisposition to perceive something based on expectations.
Gestalt rules 20016
This document discusses several visual perception principles: figure-ground, which distinguishes figures from backgrounds based on detail; similarity, which groups similar elements; closure, which fills in missing parts of figures; and proximity, which groups objects that are physically close together. These principles are rules that the human visual system automatically applies to help organize and interpret visual stimuli in a consistent way.
Lesson 1 physiological and psychological charactertistics of responses to s...
This document provides an overview of physiological and psychological responses to stress. It discusses key concepts such as the definitions of stress, stressors, and the stress response. The stress response can be mild, acute, or chronic. There are also physiological (bodily) and psychological changes that occur when confronted by a stressor, such as increased arousal. Two models of stress are described: the Yerkes-Dodson curve and Hans Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome, which outlines three stages of the stress response - alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion.
Gestalt rules
Visual perception principles are rules that help organize and interpret visual stimuli in a consistent way. These innate rules include figure-ground, which distinguishes figures from backgrounds based on detail; similarity, which groups similar elements; closure, which fills in missing parts of figures; and proximity, which groups objects that are physically close together.
Depth cues
Binocular depth cues use both eyes to perceive depth and include retinal disparity and convergence. Retinal disparity occurs because each eye sees a slightly different image based on their positions, and convergence is the inward turning of the eyes to focus on closer objects. Monocular cues use a single eye and include linear perspective, interposition, texture gradient, relative size, and height in the visual field. A study by Turnbull found that the BaMbuti pygmies he observed did not use relative size well because their environment did not require that skill, showing that depth perception is learned rather than innate.
From the eye to the brain
After light is absorbed by photoreceptors in the retina, sensory information is converted into action potentials that are transmitted along the optic nerve. This transmission sends the sensory information to relevant areas of the brain for perception, where the visual information is processed and interpreted. The retina plays a key role in this process by receiving and absorbing light, and processing images before the information is sent to the brain.
Sensation and perception
Sensation involves detecting and responding to sensory information through sensory receptors. Perception is the process of assigning meaning to incoming sensory information. Sensory receptors have receptive fields, which are the areas they can detect stimuli. Reception detects sensory information, which is then converted into neural signals via transduction. Transmission carries these signals along neural pathways to the brain for interpretation, where meaning is derived. While these processes are rapid, we are only consciously aware when a stimulus is ambiguous. Sensation is the detection of sensory information, while perception gives meaning to those detections.
Lesson 3 attachment and emotional development
This document discusses attachment and emotional development in infants. It explains that attachment refers to the emotional bond between an infant and caregiver. It describes John Bowlby's theory that infants have an innate drive to form attachments, which improves survival and provides a foundation for healthy emotional development. The document also discusses factors like genetics, temperament, and early life experiences that can influence the type of attachment formed, noting that secure attachments are most likely when caregivers are sensitively responsive to infants' signals.
Lesson 2 sensitive and critical periods
Sensitive periods are times when an individual is more responsive to environmental experiences or learning, while critical periods are specific times when lack of certain stimuli can harm development. Both refer to windows in psychological growth when outside influences have heightened impact.
Lesson 1 life span development
Psychologists refer to development as changes that occur over time in areas such as physical, social, emotional, and cognitive development. Development progresses sequentially from simple to complex behaviors, with each new behavior building on those achieved previously. Individual differences in development are influenced by both heredity (genes) and environment. Maturation refers to orderly genetic changes in the nervous system that must occur for certain behaviors or mental processes to develop, according to the principle of readiness.
Brain function – the evidence from brain damage
This document discusses language centers in the brain. It describes Broca's area, located in the frontal lobe of the left hemisphere, which is involved in speech production. Damage to Broca's area results in Broca's aphasia, characterized by difficulty producing speech with short, simple sentences. It also describes Wernicke's area, located in the left temporal lobe, which is involved in speech comprehension. Damage to Wernicke's area causes Wernicke's aphasia, with difficulty comprehending speech and producing nonsensical sentences. The right hemisphere can be involved in emotional language and music when the left hemisphere is damaged.
Lesson 1 plasticity
The brain has the ability to change its structure and function through experience, such as the development of myelin, the formation of new connections between neurons, and synaptic pruning. The frontal lobe is an area of the brain that exhibits plasticity. Brain plasticity has implications for learning, memory, development, and recovery from injury.
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Power Grid Model
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Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
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Date & Time: 8th June | 10 AM - 1 PM IST
Venue: Bangalore International Centre, Bangalore
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Mydbops Managed Services specializes in taking the pain out of database management while optimizing performance. Since 2015, we have been providing top-notch support and assistance for the top three open-source databases: MySQL, MongoDB, and PostgreSQL.
Our team offers a wide range of services, including assistance, support, consulting, 24/7 operations, and expertise in all relevant technologies. We help organizations improve their database's performance, scalability, efficiency, and availability.
Contact us: info@mydbops.com
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Arousal
- 1. Arousal
- 2. Aims • Define the term Arousal • Explain the physiological systems involved in arousal (fight-flight response) • Evaluate the uses and limitations of the polygraph
- 3. Arousal • What do you think of when you hear the word Arousal?
- 5. Event Among other things
- 6. Event Among other things
- 7. Event Arousal - An organism's overall state of alertness and readiness for action Among other things
- 8. Event Arousal - An organism's overall state of alertness and readiness for action Among other things
- 9. Event Arousal - An organism's overall state of alertness and readiness for action Sympathetic Nervous System Among other things
- 10. Event Arousal - An organism's overall state of alertness and readiness for action Sympathetic Nervous System Among other things
- 11. Event Arousal - An organism's overall state of alertness and readiness for action Sympathetic Nervous System Among other things
- 12. Event Arousal - An organism's overall state of alertness and readiness for action Sympathetic Nervous System Among other things My lead to......
- 13. Event Arousal - An organism's overall state of alertness and readiness for action Sympathetic Nervous System Among other things My lead to......
- 14. Physical Threat Fight or Flight
- 15. Physical Threat Fight or Flight The ANS (sympathetic NS) prepares us for quick action. We must make a choice
- 16. Physical Threat Fight or Flight The ANS (sympathetic NS) prepares us for quick action. We must make a choice
- 17. Physical Threat Fight or Flight The ANS (sympathetic NS) prepares us for quick action. We must make a choice
- 18. Physical Threat Fight or Flight The ANS (sympathetic NS) prepares us for quick action. We must make a choice
- 19. Physical Threat Fight or Flight The ANS (sympathetic NS) prepares us for quick action. We must make a choice
- 20. Psychological Threat Fear of Failure This triggers a physiological arousal brought about by activation of the sympathetic nervous system
- 21. • Think of a time when you were confronted with psychological and physical threat. • How did your body react? • Did you have conscious control over your body?
- 22. Measuring Arousal It is possible to measure physiological changes associated with arousal. The most common divice for measuring physiological changes is the polygraph. This device records changes in: • Heart rate • Blood pressure • Breathing rate • Electrical conductivity of the skin called galvanic skin response (GSR), this reflects sweat gland activity
- 23. Lie detection As a general measure of arousal the polygraph is often used as a lie detector. Its success depends on one big assumption. Assumption It is assumed that lying produces and increase in arousal.
- 24. Using the polygraph for lie detection When using a polygraph a person is asked two types of questions. Control Questions Are used to establish a baseline physiological response. Some questions are routine and ‘non-emotional’ what is your name? Others are intended to increase your arousal slightly for example ‘Have you ever stolen from your employer?’ Relevant Questions Are those that relate to the reason for the test.
- 25. • The individual’s pattern of physiological responses to control questions is compared with their pattern of physiological responses to relevant questions.
- 26. USING YOUR BUM TO BEAT THE LIE DETECTOR
- 27. USING YOUR BUM TO BEAT THE LIE DETECTOR