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Stress and adaptation

This document discusses stress, its causes and effects. It defines stress as a state of imbalance resulting from a disparity between situational demands and an individual's ability to meet those demands. Stress can be caused by external factors like the environment or internal factors like lifestyle choices. The general adaptation syndrome describes the body's three stage response to stress. When a person experiences stress, they may exhibit physical or emotional symptoms. Managing stress involves identifying stressors, selecting coping strategies like exercise, nutrition, and social support. The document also examines stress among students and nurses, finding that academic factors are a primary stressor for students while long hours and lack of support contribute to stress in nurses.

Healthcare◦
STRESS AND ADAPTATION JYOTI 1ST YEAR
STRESS 1. It is a condition in which the human system responds to changing in its normal balanced state. Stress result from a change in the environment that is presided as a challenge a threat or a danger and can have both negative and positive effects. Pender and Parsons(2006)
2. Stress: In a medical or biological context stress is a physical, mental, or emotional factor that causes bodily or mental tension. Stresses can be external (from the environment, psychological, or social situations) or internal (illness, or from a medical procedure). 3. Dr. Hans Selye, one of the leading authorities on the concept of stress, described stress as “a state of psychological and physiological imbalance resulting from the disparity between situational demand and the individual's ability and motivation to meet those needs.”
Factors that are responsible for causing stress are called stressors. Stressor- stressor are themselves neither positive nor negative effects as the persons responds to the changes.
ADAPTATION • “ when person is in a threatening situation immediate response occur .those response are often involuntary ,are called coping response. The change that take places as a result of the responses to a stressor is adaptation .”
GENERAL ADAPTION SYNDROME Stage I - Alarm Reaction Stage II – Stage of adaptation Stage III – Stage of Exhaustion
SIGN AND SYMPTOM OF STRESS
TYPE OF STRESS
Eustress: Good Stress 1. Getting into college 2. Getting engaged 3. Winning the lottery Distress: Stress from bad sources 1. Difficult work environment 2. Overwhelming sights and sounds 3. Threat of personal injury
Acute stress Episodic acute stress Chronic stress
TYPE OF STRESSORS External Physical Environment Social Interaction Organizational Major Life Events Daily Hassles Internal Lifestyle choices Negative self - talk Mind traps Personality traits
FACTORS AFFECTING STAFF NURSES IN HEALTH CARE SET UP  long hours worked, work overload and pressure – dealing with death and dying  the effects of these on personal lives – concern about technical knowledge and skills  lack of control over work and lack of participation in decision making –  poor social support – conflict with other staff  unclear management and work role and poor management style – lack of staff support and resources  personal – concern about treatment and patient care
MIND BODY INTERACTION Humans react to threats of danger as if they were physiologic threats of a person perceives the threat on an emotional level& the body prepares itself to either resist the danger or to run away from it. Each person reacts in :-  Backache  Constipation  Diarrhea  Dilated pupils  Dry mouth  Headache nausea  Sleep disturbances
ANXIETY a). Exercise:- Regular exercises help to maintain physical & emotional health. b). Rest and sleep:- Rest and sleep helps the body to maintain homeostasis & restore energy levels. c). Nutrition:- It plays an important role in maintaining the body’s homeostatic mechanisms & in increasing resistance to stress. Obesity & malnutrition are major stressors & greatly increase the risk of illness. d). Encouraging the use of support system:- Support system provides emotional support that helps a person identify & verbalize feelings associated with stress. •
COPING MECHANISMS
Coping mechanisms Compensati on Denial Displaceme nt Introjection Projection Rationalizat ion Reaction formation Repression Sublimation Undoing
STRESS MANAGEMENT IN NURSES Steps to managing stress  Identify if you are stressed.  Identify the stressor  Identify the reason for the stressor  Select an appropriate stress management  Evaluate
STRAUTADAPTAION MODEL
A Study of Stress among Students of Professional Colleges from an Urban area in India Results: Out of the 1,224 respondents, 299 (24.4%) experienced stress. Among them 115 (38.5%), 102 (34.1%) and 82 (27.4%) were dental, medical and engineering students, respectively. There was a statistically significant association between stress and the field of education. Stress was observed in 187 (27.7%) females and 112 (20.4%) males; the association with gender was statistically significant. By applying binary logistic regression, medical studies, health and lifestyle factors, and academic factors were the significant predictors for stress. Conclusion: Students from all the three fields studied were exposed to stress. Academic factors were one of the most important stressors. The introduction of stress management education into the curriculum could prove useful in combatting this problem.
Stress among nurses who work at the intensive care unit Vivian Aline Preto, Luiz Jorge Pedrão A total of 21 ICU nurse from five hospitals located in the state of São Paulo answered a series of questions about the ICU and completed the Nurse Stress Inventory. Study results showed that 57.1% of nurses consider the ICU a stress- ful place, and 23.8% achieved a high score, indicating the presence of stress. Stress continues to affect these professionals, and institutions do not offer any special care for nurses in the sense of promoting comprehensive health care.
Stress and adaptation