This document provides descriptions and figures of artworks created in the 1960s by European artists associated with the Nouveau Réalisme movement such as Yves Klein, Niki de Saint-Phalle, Arman, César, and Christo and Jeanne-Claude. It also describes Fluxus performances and works by George Maciunas, Yoko Ono, Joseph Beuys, and others working in conceptual and performance art during this period. The artworks incorporated found objects, new materials, and non-traditional mediums and emphasized ephemeral experiences and interactions with the audience.

1. Yves Klein, Blue Monochrome, 1961.
Dry pigment in synthetic polymer medium on cotton over plywood,
6’ 4-7⁄8” × 4’ 7-1⁄8” (2 × 1.4 m).
The Museum of Modern Art, New York. [Fig. 18-01]

2. Manifesto of Nouveau Réalisme signed October 27, 1960.
The New Realists have seized awareness of their collective singularity.
New Realism = new ways of perceiving the real.

3. Yves Klein, Leap into the Void, Fontenay-aux-Roses, October 23, 1960.
Photograph by Harry Shunk. [Fig. 18-02]

4. Yves Klein, Shroud Anthropometry 20, “Vampire,” c. 1960.
Pigment on canvas, 43 × 30” (109.2 × 76.2 cm).
Private collection. [Fig. 18-03]

5. Yves Klein, Fire Painting, 1961–62.
Flame burned into asbestos with pigment, 43 × 30” (109.2 × 76.2 cm).
Private collection. [Fig. 18-04]

6. Jean Tinguely, Homage to New York, 1960.
Mixed media. Self-destructing installation in the garden of The Museum of Modern Art,
New York. [Fig. 18-05]

7. Niki de Saint-Phalle, Shooting Picture, 1961.
Plaster, paint, string, polythene, and wire on wood,
56-1⁄4 × 30-3⁄4 × 3-1⁄8” (143 × 78 × 8 cm).
Tate, London. [Fig. 18-06]

8. Niki de Saint-Phalle, Black Venus, 1965–67.
Painted polyester, 9’ 2-1⁄4” × 2’ 11” × 2’ (2.8 × 0.89 × 0.61 m).
Whitney Museum of American Art, New York. [Fig. 18-07]

9. Niki de Saint-Phalle, SHE—A Cathedral, 1966.
Mixed-media sculptural environment, 20 × 82 × 30’ (6.1 × 25 × 9.1 m).
Moderna Museet, Stockholm (fragmentary remains). [Fig. 18-08]

10. Arman, Bluebeard’s Wife, 1969.
Mixed media in polyester resin, 33 × 11-1⁄2 × 12-1⁄2” (83.5 × 29 × 32 cm).
Tate, London. [Fig. 18-09]

11. Arman, Long-Term Parking, 1982.
Sixty automobiles imbedded in cement, 60 × 20 × 20’ (18.3 × 6.1 × 6.1 m).
Centre d’Art de Montcel, Jouy-en-Josas, France. [Fig. 18-10]

12. César, The Yellow Buick, 1961.
Compressed automobile, 59-1⁄2 × 30-3⁄4 × 24-7⁄8” (151.1 × 78.1 × 63.2 cm).
The Museum of Modern Art, New York. [Fig. 18-11]

13. Martial Raysse, Tableau dans le style français, 1965.
Assemblage on canvas, 7’ 1-7⁄8” × 4’ 6-3⁄8” (2.2 × 1.4 m).
Collection Runquist. [Fig. 18-12]

14. Christo, Package 1961, 1961.
Fabric and rope, 36-5⁄8 × 26-3⁄4 × 12-1⁄4” (93 × 68 × 31 cm).
Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, DC. [Fig. 18-13]

15. Christo and Jeanne-Claude, Wrapped Kunsthalle, 1968.
Bern, Switzerland. Photo in collection of Christo and Jeanne-Claude. [Fig. 18-14]

16. Mimmo Rotella, Untitled, 1963.
Décollage, 47 × 39-3⁄8” (120 × 100 cm).
Location unknown. [Fig. 18-15]

17. Piero Manzoni, Achrome, 1959.
Kaolin on pleated canvas, 55-1⁄8 × 47-1⁄4” (140 × 120 cm).
Musée National d’Art Moderne, Centre d’Art et de Culture Georges Pompidou, Paris.
[Fig. 18-16]

18. George Maciunas, Fluxus Manifesto, 1963.
Offset, 8-3⁄16 × 5-11⁄16” (20.8 × 14.5 cm).
The Museum of Modern Art, New York. [Fig. 18-17]

19. View of George Maciunas and Billie Hutching’s Fluxus Wedding.
Photo by Peter Moore © Estate of Peter Moore/Licensed by VAGA, NYC [Fig. 18-18]

20. Yoko Ono performing Cut Piece at Carnegie Recital Hall, New York City, March 21, 1965.
[Fig. 18-19]

21. Joseph Beuys, How to Explain Pictures to a Dead Hare, 1965.
Performance at the Galerie Schmela, Düsseldorf. [Fig. 18-20]

22. Joseph Beuys, The Pack, 1969.
Installation with Volkswagen bus and twenty sledges, each carrying felt, fat, and a
flashlight.
Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Kassel, Neue Galerie, Kassel, Germany. [Fig. 18-21]