This document provides an overview of art in Europe and the United States from the mid-19th century to the late 19th century. It discusses developments in architecture, painting, sculpture, photography, and the emergence of realism and avant-garde styles. Major topics covered include academic architecture in France, orientalist painting, early pioneers of photography like Daguerre and Talbot, Civil War photographer Alexander Gardner, and the political upheavals in Europe in 1848 that influenced realist art movements. The document is from an art history textbook and provides learning objectives and concepts for understanding art of this period.
This document provides an overview of European and American art from 1715-1840. It discusses three major artistic styles that flourished during this period: Rococo, Neoclassicism, and Romanticism. For Rococo, it describes the ornate salon decor and paintings of Watteau, Boucher, and Fragonard that featured mythological themes. Neoclassicism grew from the Grand Tour to Italy and featured portraits, cityscapes, and sculptures that drew inspiration from classical antiquity such as the works of Mengs and Canova. British Neoclassicism combined patriotism and civic virtue while Romanticism embraced emotion. Architecture during this period turned to classical Greek and Roman designs for inspiration,
This document provides an overview of key developments in art since the 1950s. It discusses the rise of abstract expressionism and its influence on new forms like assemblage, happenings, and performance art. Artists like Rauschenberg, Kaprow, and Beuys staged multimedia performances that combined different elements. Pop art, exemplified by Warhol and Lichtenstein, incorporated popular culture imagery. Minimalism emerged to reduce artworks to basic forms using industrial materials, as seen in Donald Judd's identical rectangular units. The text explores how these new movements reflected the political, economic, and social changes in the post-World War II era.
This document provides an overview of post-1300 art in the Americas, covering major cultures and artistic traditions. It discusses the Aztec Empire's religious art including sculptures like the Coatlicue statue. Manuscripts and featherworks are described. For the Incas, important cities like Cuzco and Machu Picchu are mentioned as well as textiles, metalwork, and architecture. The impacts of European colonization are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of modern art in Europe and the Americas from 1900-1950. It begins with learning objectives focused on identifying styles, interpreting meaning, and relating works to their contexts. Key events that influenced the period are described, such as World War I and the Great Depression. Several major art movements are then discussed in detail, including the Fauves and their expressive use of color, Picasso's development of Cubism including its analytic and synthetic phases, and the Bridge movement in Germany inspired by Nietzsche. Major artists and their groundbreaking works from this revolutionary period in art history are analyzed.
This document provides an overview of art in South and Southeast Asia after 1200 CE. It discusses changes in religion that influenced art styles, including the rise of Hinduism and the spread of Buddhism to Southeast Asia. Major artistic periods and sites are covered, such as the Mughal period in northern India and the Vijayanagara empire in the south. Important architectural works like the Taj Mahal and City Palace of Udaipur are analyzed. Painting traditions under the Mughals and Rajputs are also examined. The document concludes by noting ceramic production in Southeast Asian kingdoms like Vietnam.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 28 from an Art History textbook on art and Pacific cultures. It begins with learning objectives for the chapter focused on identifying visual hallmarks of Pacific art, interpreting meanings and themes, and relating art to cultural contexts. It then provides summaries of the art and cultures of major Pacific regions, including Australia, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia, and specific areas like New Guinea and New Ireland/New Britain. For each region, it highlights characteristics of art forms, materials, and cultural practices, providing examples of artworks with descriptions and images.
Human beings migrated throughout the Americas over thousands of years, eventually settling as far south as Tierra del Fuego. Five major early civilizations developed distinctive artistic traditions in Mesoamerica and Central America before 1300. The Olmec, Teotihuacan, and Maya cultures built impressive ceremonial centers featuring colossal sculptures, painted murals, and temples. The Maya made advances in hieroglyphic writing and calendrical systems. Major Maya sites like Tikal, Palenque, and Yaxchilan contain temples, tombs, and carved monuments documenting rulers.
This document provides an overview of 17th century art in Europe. It discusses key developments and artists of the Baroque period. Major points covered include:
- The Baroque style aimed to evoke intense emotion in viewers through lifelike depictions. Artists like Bernini and Borromini created works that engaged viewers.
- Bernini's sculptural works like Ecstasy of Saint Teresa and architectural works at St. Peter's Basilica in Rome exemplified the Baroque style.
- Caravaggio introduced tenebrism and gritty realism through paintings like The Calling of Saint Matthew. He influenced other artists like Artemisia Gentileschi.
- The document discusses developments in
This document provides an overview of European and American art from 1715-1840. It discusses three major artistic styles that flourished during this period: Rococo, Neoclassicism, and Romanticism. For Rococo, it describes the ornate salon decor and paintings of Watteau, Boucher, and Fragonard that featured mythological themes. Neoclassicism grew from the Grand Tour to Italy and featured portraits, cityscapes, and sculptures that drew inspiration from classical antiquity such as the works of Mengs and Canova. British Neoclassicism combined patriotism and civic virtue while Romanticism embraced emotion. Architecture during this period turned to classical Greek and Roman designs for inspiration,
This document provides an overview of key developments in art since the 1950s. It discusses the rise of abstract expressionism and its influence on new forms like assemblage, happenings, and performance art. Artists like Rauschenberg, Kaprow, and Beuys staged multimedia performances that combined different elements. Pop art, exemplified by Warhol and Lichtenstein, incorporated popular culture imagery. Minimalism emerged to reduce artworks to basic forms using industrial materials, as seen in Donald Judd's identical rectangular units. The text explores how these new movements reflected the political, economic, and social changes in the post-World War II era.
This document provides an overview of post-1300 art in the Americas, covering major cultures and artistic traditions. It discusses the Aztec Empire's religious art including sculptures like the Coatlicue statue. Manuscripts and featherworks are described. For the Incas, important cities like Cuzco and Machu Picchu are mentioned as well as textiles, metalwork, and architecture. The impacts of European colonization are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of modern art in Europe and the Americas from 1900-1950. It begins with learning objectives focused on identifying styles, interpreting meaning, and relating works to their contexts. Key events that influenced the period are described, such as World War I and the Great Depression. Several major art movements are then discussed in detail, including the Fauves and their expressive use of color, Picasso's development of Cubism including its analytic and synthetic phases, and the Bridge movement in Germany inspired by Nietzsche. Major artists and their groundbreaking works from this revolutionary period in art history are analyzed.
This document provides an overview of art in South and Southeast Asia after 1200 CE. It discusses changes in religion that influenced art styles, including the rise of Hinduism and the spread of Buddhism to Southeast Asia. Major artistic periods and sites are covered, such as the Mughal period in northern India and the Vijayanagara empire in the south. Important architectural works like the Taj Mahal and City Palace of Udaipur are analyzed. Painting traditions under the Mughals and Rajputs are also examined. The document concludes by noting ceramic production in Southeast Asian kingdoms like Vietnam.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 28 from an Art History textbook on art and Pacific cultures. It begins with learning objectives for the chapter focused on identifying visual hallmarks of Pacific art, interpreting meanings and themes, and relating art to cultural contexts. It then provides summaries of the art and cultures of major Pacific regions, including Australia, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia, and specific areas like New Guinea and New Ireland/New Britain. For each region, it highlights characteristics of art forms, materials, and cultural practices, providing examples of artworks with descriptions and images.
Human beings migrated throughout the Americas over thousands of years, eventually settling as far south as Tierra del Fuego. Five major early civilizations developed distinctive artistic traditions in Mesoamerica and Central America before 1300. The Olmec, Teotihuacan, and Maya cultures built impressive ceremonial centers featuring colossal sculptures, painted murals, and temples. The Maya made advances in hieroglyphic writing and calendrical systems. Major Maya sites like Tikal, Palenque, and Yaxchilan contain temples, tombs, and carved monuments documenting rulers.
This document provides an overview of 17th century art in Europe. It discusses key developments and artists of the Baroque period. Major points covered include:
- The Baroque style aimed to evoke intense emotion in viewers through lifelike depictions. Artists like Bernini and Borromini created works that engaged viewers.
- Bernini's sculptural works like Ecstasy of Saint Teresa and architectural works at St. Peter's Basilica in Rome exemplified the Baroque style.
- Caravaggio introduced tenebrism and gritty realism through paintings like The Calling of Saint Matthew. He influenced other artists like Artemisia Gentileschi.
- The document discusses developments in
The document provides an overview of African arts from the 16th century to the present. It discusses how royal arts in the 16th century shaped art across the continent. It then examines artistic traditions in specific African countries and regions, including Ghana, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Nigeria. It describes how colonialism and modernity in the 19th century impacted African artists as they gained European patrons while struggling with political changes under colonial rule. Key concepts discussed include participation, contemporaneity, abstraction, and cultural fluency in African art.
This document provides an overview of early Japanese art history from prehistoric times through the Heian period (794-1185 CE). It discusses the origins of art in Japan during the Jomon period, characterized by earthenware vessels and figurines. The Yayoi period saw the introduction of wet-rice agriculture and metalworking from Korean immigrants. Funerary objects called haniwa were produced during the Kofun period. Buddhism was introduced in the Asuka period, influencing architecture like the wooden Horyuji temple and its lacquer paintings. The capital moved to Nara during the Nara period, where large Buddhist temples and the Kasuga shrine were constructed. Literary and artistic culture flourished during
This document provides an overview of Chinese and Korean art after 1279. It discusses the Mongol invasions and establishment of the Yuan dynasty in China, and the development of literati painting during this period. Notable artists from the Yuan dynasty discussed include Zhao Mengfu and Ni Zan. The document also covers the founding of the Ming dynasty, characteristics of Ming painting and porcelain, and important artistic centers like the Forbidden City. Key Ming artists mentioned are Yin Hong, Dai Jin, Qiu Ying, and Shen Zhou. The styles of literati, court, and landscape painting during this time period are also summarized.
This document discusses art in Northern Europe and the Iberian Peninsula during the 16th century. It covers major artistic developments in Germany, including the effects of the Protestant Reformation on art. Key artists mentioned are Albrecht Dürer, Matthias Grünewald, and Lucas Cranach the Elder. It also summarizes some of their major works, including Dürer's self-portrait and engravings, Grünewald's Isenheim Altarpiece, and Cranach's Nymph of the Spring. Sculptors like Tilman Riemenschneider are also briefly discussed.
1. The document discusses the history and evolution of photography and time-based media such as film. It outlines key developments including the earliest cameras, the invention of photography, and advances in color photography and digital technologies.
2. Form and content are discussed as central themes in photography. Examples are given of photographers who emphasized formal elements or aestheticized their subjects. The Farm Security Administration project to document the Great Depression is also mentioned.
3. Techniques for manipulating photographs like dodging and burning are explained. The relationship between form and content is further explored through the example of Cartier-Bresson's photo of Athens.
This document provides an overview of prehistoric art from the Paleolithic to Bronze Age periods in Europe and other regions. It discusses early tools and artifacts from the Lower Paleolithic and the emergence of representational images in the Upper Paleolithic, including cave paintings, sculptures, and figurines found across Europe and Africa dating back as far as 38,000 BCE. The document also examines theories about the meaning and purpose of prehistoric art and explores techniques used by early cave painters. Key examples of prehistoric art are cited and illustrated throughout.
This document provides an overview of 15th century art in Northern Europe, with a focus on the Netherlands and Belgium. It discusses major artists of the time including Jan van Eyck, Rogier van der Weyden, the Master of Flémalle, and the Limbourg Brothers. Key works mentioned include van Eyck's Arnolfini Portrait and Ghent Altarpiece, van der Weyden's Deposition, and illuminated manuscripts like the Très Riches Heures. The text also covers art forms like oil painting, manuscript illumination, tapestries, and the patronage of the wealthy Burgundian dukes.
This document provides an overview of Etruscan and Roman art from approximately the 8th century BCE to the 1st century CE. It discusses the key developments and influences in Etruscan and Roman architecture, sculpture, and tomb painting. The Etruscans established city planning techniques and temple designs that influenced later Roman architecture. Their tomb paintings depicted vivid scenes of daily life. Etruscan artists also excelled at life-sized terra cotta sculptures. The Romans adopted many elements of Etruscan and Greek culture as they expanded their Republic throughout the Mediterranean world.
This document provides an overview of art in 16th century Italy. It discusses major Italian Renaissance artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo. For Leonardo, it summarizes key works like the Mona Lisa and Last Supper. For Raphael, it describes Madonna paintings and his famous School of Athens fresco. For Michelangelo, it mentions his early Pietà sculpture and famous David statue. The document also provides context on trends, patrons, and the development of oil painting during this influential period of Italian Renaissance art.
This document provides an overview of 14th century European art. It discusses key artists and developments in Italy, including Giotto di Bondone's frescoes in the Scrovegni Chapel in Padua which depicted biblical scenes in a realistic style. Duccio di Buoninsegna's Maestà altarpiece for Siena Cathedral synthesized Byzantine and Gothic styles. Ambrogio Lorenzetti later painted frescoes for the Palazzo Pubblico in Siena depicting the effects of good and bad government. The document also notes the impact of the Black Death pandemic on art in mid-14th century Italy.
This document provides an overview of art in South and Southeast Asia before 1200 CE. It begins with learning objectives for the chapter and then provides summaries of the origins of civilization in South Asia, including the Indus Valley civilization. Major artistic periods discussed include the Maurya period, when Ashoka promoted Buddhism, and the Shunga and early Satavahana period, noting important structures like the Great Stupa at Sanchi. The document presents images and summaries of key artworks to illustrate the developments in South and Southeast Asian art over this time period.
This document provides an overview of Japanese art after 1333 CE across several historical periods. It begins with foundational Japanese culture developed during the Jomon and Yayoi periods and influence of Chinese culture during Asuka and Nara periods. During the Muromachi period, Zen Buddhism was popular and influenced ink paintings and dry gardens. The Momoyama period saw development of castles, shoin rooms, and the tea ceremony. The Edo period was characterized by the shogunate, spread of arts, and ukiyo-e prints. Key artists and their works are discussed for each period.
This document provides an overview of ancient Greek art from 900 BCE to 480 BCE. It covers the Geometric, Orientalizing, and Archaic periods. Key points include:
- During the Geometric period, ceramic vessels featured linear motifs and figurines used elemental shapes. This included the Funerary Krater depicting mourning figures.
- The Orientalizing period saw pottery move away from linear decoration towards large motifs influenced by Eastern styles, like animals on a Corinthian olpe.
- The Archaic period was innovative, including the Treasury of the Siphnians at Delphi with caryatids and relief sculpture on its frieze and pediments depicting gods and giants.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 9 from the textbook "Art History" which covers Islamic art. It includes learning objectives, summaries of key topics like the origins and spread of Islam, important architectural structures like the Dome of the Rock and Great Mosque of Cordoba, as well as artistic elements like calligraphy, ceramics, and ornamentation. Images and captions are provided to illustrate different architectural features, works of art, and artistic techniques discussed in the chapter summaries.
This document provides an overview of early African art from prehistoric times to the 16th century CE. It discusses rock art traditions in Namibia and South Africa dating back 25,000 years. Ancient civilizations like Nubia and Ethiopia produced monumental sculptures and architecture influenced by Egyptian and Byzantine styles. Islamic influences are seen in the Great Mosque of Djenné in Mali and the Great Mosque of Kairouan in Tunisia. The document examines artistic traditions across the diverse regions of Africa and how they reflected cultural and political influences.
This document provides an overview of art in 15th century Italy, focusing on developments in Florence. It discusses the rise of humanism and revival of antiquity. Key artists discussed include Brunelleschi, who pioneered Renaissance architecture through works like the dome of Florence Cathedral. Donatello is also analyzed for sculptures like St. George, which showed influence from Roman art. Overall the document examines the growth of wealth and patronage in Florence that supported emerging Renaissance styles in art and architecture under rulers like the Medici family.
This document provides an overview of early Chinese and Korean art before 1279 CE. It discusses important Neolithic cultures like Yangshao and Liangzhu and their painted pottery and jade carvings. The Bronze Age saw the rise of the Shang dynasty, known for ritual bronzes made through piece-mold casting. Subsequent Zhou dynasty artifacts included bells. Under the Qin, Emperor Shihuangdi's terra cotta army was constructed, while the Han dynasty saw prosperity and the opening of the Silk Road, as well as artifacts like the painted banner from Changsha tomb.
This document provides an overview of various printmaking techniques. It begins by defining what a print is and discussing early uses of printing. It then characterizes and provides examples of relief processes like woodcut and linocut. It also characterizes and provides examples of intaglio processes like engraving, etching, and drypoint. The document discusses the creative process of printmaking and provides a contemporary example of a four-color intaglio print. It aims to differentiate various printmaking techniques and provide historical and artistic context.
The document discusses the Protestant Reformation that began in the 1500s as people grew dissatisfied with corruption in the Catholic Church. Martin Luther was particularly troubled by the selling of indulgences and wrote his 95 Theses calling for church reform. This sparked the Protestant Reformation and religious conflicts like the Thirty Years' War. The Counter Reformation was the Catholic Church's response to try to stem Protestantism. The Baroque period saw dramatic artistic works used by both Protestants and Catholics to persuade people. Key artists discussed include Bernini, Caravaggio, and their highly dramatic works capturing decisive moments.
This document provides an overview of various painting media used by artists, including encaustic, fresco, tempera, oil painting, watercolor, and gouache. It discusses the characteristics and techniques of each medium, provides examples of famous works to illustrate the properties of the media, and outlines some of the creative processes involved. Key points covered include how encaustic uses pigment and hot wax, fresco applies pigment to wet or dry plaster, tempera combines pigment with egg yolk, and oil painting allows for blending and glazing effects. Watercolor spreads color along paper fibers while gouache produces opaque color. The document examines artistic works to demonstrate the qualities and expressions afforded by different painting media.
This document provides an overview of photography and time-based media. It begins by outlining the origins of photography from the camera obscura to early photographic processes developed by Talbot, Daguerre, and others. Key developments in film such as Edison's Kinetoscope and the Lumiere brothers' Cinématographe are also discussed. The document then examines formal elements of photography like composition, lighting techniques, and the Zone System. It explores how color photography, digital technologies, and artists like Gursky and Goldin have transformed the medium. Principles of film editing, shots, and Griffith's innovations in The Birth of a Nation are outlined. The impact of time-based art into the digital age
Industrialization in 19th century London led to overcrowded, unsanitary living conditions that exacerbated public health issues like cholera. Children from poor families often worked in factories while wives managed domestic life. Reformers responded in various ways, like utopian socialists who envisioned ideal communities with collective production. Literary realism emerged to examine life scientifically and address social issues raised by industrialization, as seen in works by Dickens, Balzac, and slave narratives. Photographers also contributed to realism by making personalized pictures available to broader segments of society. Darwin's Origin of Species applied an objective, observational approach to propose natural selection and evolution, though his conclusions were controversial.
The document provides an overview of African arts from the 16th century to the present. It discusses how royal arts in the 16th century shaped art across the continent. It then examines artistic traditions in specific African countries and regions, including Ghana, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Nigeria. It describes how colonialism and modernity in the 19th century impacted African artists as they gained European patrons while struggling with political changes under colonial rule. Key concepts discussed include participation, contemporaneity, abstraction, and cultural fluency in African art.
This document provides an overview of early Japanese art history from prehistoric times through the Heian period (794-1185 CE). It discusses the origins of art in Japan during the Jomon period, characterized by earthenware vessels and figurines. The Yayoi period saw the introduction of wet-rice agriculture and metalworking from Korean immigrants. Funerary objects called haniwa were produced during the Kofun period. Buddhism was introduced in the Asuka period, influencing architecture like the wooden Horyuji temple and its lacquer paintings. The capital moved to Nara during the Nara period, where large Buddhist temples and the Kasuga shrine were constructed. Literary and artistic culture flourished during
This document provides an overview of Chinese and Korean art after 1279. It discusses the Mongol invasions and establishment of the Yuan dynasty in China, and the development of literati painting during this period. Notable artists from the Yuan dynasty discussed include Zhao Mengfu and Ni Zan. The document also covers the founding of the Ming dynasty, characteristics of Ming painting and porcelain, and important artistic centers like the Forbidden City. Key Ming artists mentioned are Yin Hong, Dai Jin, Qiu Ying, and Shen Zhou. The styles of literati, court, and landscape painting during this time period are also summarized.
This document discusses art in Northern Europe and the Iberian Peninsula during the 16th century. It covers major artistic developments in Germany, including the effects of the Protestant Reformation on art. Key artists mentioned are Albrecht Dürer, Matthias Grünewald, and Lucas Cranach the Elder. It also summarizes some of their major works, including Dürer's self-portrait and engravings, Grünewald's Isenheim Altarpiece, and Cranach's Nymph of the Spring. Sculptors like Tilman Riemenschneider are also briefly discussed.
1. The document discusses the history and evolution of photography and time-based media such as film. It outlines key developments including the earliest cameras, the invention of photography, and advances in color photography and digital technologies.
2. Form and content are discussed as central themes in photography. Examples are given of photographers who emphasized formal elements or aestheticized their subjects. The Farm Security Administration project to document the Great Depression is also mentioned.
3. Techniques for manipulating photographs like dodging and burning are explained. The relationship between form and content is further explored through the example of Cartier-Bresson's photo of Athens.
This document provides an overview of prehistoric art from the Paleolithic to Bronze Age periods in Europe and other regions. It discusses early tools and artifacts from the Lower Paleolithic and the emergence of representational images in the Upper Paleolithic, including cave paintings, sculptures, and figurines found across Europe and Africa dating back as far as 38,000 BCE. The document also examines theories about the meaning and purpose of prehistoric art and explores techniques used by early cave painters. Key examples of prehistoric art are cited and illustrated throughout.
This document provides an overview of 15th century art in Northern Europe, with a focus on the Netherlands and Belgium. It discusses major artists of the time including Jan van Eyck, Rogier van der Weyden, the Master of Flémalle, and the Limbourg Brothers. Key works mentioned include van Eyck's Arnolfini Portrait and Ghent Altarpiece, van der Weyden's Deposition, and illuminated manuscripts like the Très Riches Heures. The text also covers art forms like oil painting, manuscript illumination, tapestries, and the patronage of the wealthy Burgundian dukes.
This document provides an overview of Etruscan and Roman art from approximately the 8th century BCE to the 1st century CE. It discusses the key developments and influences in Etruscan and Roman architecture, sculpture, and tomb painting. The Etruscans established city planning techniques and temple designs that influenced later Roman architecture. Their tomb paintings depicted vivid scenes of daily life. Etruscan artists also excelled at life-sized terra cotta sculptures. The Romans adopted many elements of Etruscan and Greek culture as they expanded their Republic throughout the Mediterranean world.
This document provides an overview of art in 16th century Italy. It discusses major Italian Renaissance artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo. For Leonardo, it summarizes key works like the Mona Lisa and Last Supper. For Raphael, it describes Madonna paintings and his famous School of Athens fresco. For Michelangelo, it mentions his early Pietà sculpture and famous David statue. The document also provides context on trends, patrons, and the development of oil painting during this influential period of Italian Renaissance art.
This document provides an overview of 14th century European art. It discusses key artists and developments in Italy, including Giotto di Bondone's frescoes in the Scrovegni Chapel in Padua which depicted biblical scenes in a realistic style. Duccio di Buoninsegna's Maestà altarpiece for Siena Cathedral synthesized Byzantine and Gothic styles. Ambrogio Lorenzetti later painted frescoes for the Palazzo Pubblico in Siena depicting the effects of good and bad government. The document also notes the impact of the Black Death pandemic on art in mid-14th century Italy.
This document provides an overview of art in South and Southeast Asia before 1200 CE. It begins with learning objectives for the chapter and then provides summaries of the origins of civilization in South Asia, including the Indus Valley civilization. Major artistic periods discussed include the Maurya period, when Ashoka promoted Buddhism, and the Shunga and early Satavahana period, noting important structures like the Great Stupa at Sanchi. The document presents images and summaries of key artworks to illustrate the developments in South and Southeast Asian art over this time period.
This document provides an overview of Japanese art after 1333 CE across several historical periods. It begins with foundational Japanese culture developed during the Jomon and Yayoi periods and influence of Chinese culture during Asuka and Nara periods. During the Muromachi period, Zen Buddhism was popular and influenced ink paintings and dry gardens. The Momoyama period saw development of castles, shoin rooms, and the tea ceremony. The Edo period was characterized by the shogunate, spread of arts, and ukiyo-e prints. Key artists and their works are discussed for each period.
This document provides an overview of ancient Greek art from 900 BCE to 480 BCE. It covers the Geometric, Orientalizing, and Archaic periods. Key points include:
- During the Geometric period, ceramic vessels featured linear motifs and figurines used elemental shapes. This included the Funerary Krater depicting mourning figures.
- The Orientalizing period saw pottery move away from linear decoration towards large motifs influenced by Eastern styles, like animals on a Corinthian olpe.
- The Archaic period was innovative, including the Treasury of the Siphnians at Delphi with caryatids and relief sculpture on its frieze and pediments depicting gods and giants.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 9 from the textbook "Art History" which covers Islamic art. It includes learning objectives, summaries of key topics like the origins and spread of Islam, important architectural structures like the Dome of the Rock and Great Mosque of Cordoba, as well as artistic elements like calligraphy, ceramics, and ornamentation. Images and captions are provided to illustrate different architectural features, works of art, and artistic techniques discussed in the chapter summaries.
This document provides an overview of early African art from prehistoric times to the 16th century CE. It discusses rock art traditions in Namibia and South Africa dating back 25,000 years. Ancient civilizations like Nubia and Ethiopia produced monumental sculptures and architecture influenced by Egyptian and Byzantine styles. Islamic influences are seen in the Great Mosque of Djenné in Mali and the Great Mosque of Kairouan in Tunisia. The document examines artistic traditions across the diverse regions of Africa and how they reflected cultural and political influences.
This document provides an overview of art in 15th century Italy, focusing on developments in Florence. It discusses the rise of humanism and revival of antiquity. Key artists discussed include Brunelleschi, who pioneered Renaissance architecture through works like the dome of Florence Cathedral. Donatello is also analyzed for sculptures like St. George, which showed influence from Roman art. Overall the document examines the growth of wealth and patronage in Florence that supported emerging Renaissance styles in art and architecture under rulers like the Medici family.
This document provides an overview of early Chinese and Korean art before 1279 CE. It discusses important Neolithic cultures like Yangshao and Liangzhu and their painted pottery and jade carvings. The Bronze Age saw the rise of the Shang dynasty, known for ritual bronzes made through piece-mold casting. Subsequent Zhou dynasty artifacts included bells. Under the Qin, Emperor Shihuangdi's terra cotta army was constructed, while the Han dynasty saw prosperity and the opening of the Silk Road, as well as artifacts like the painted banner from Changsha tomb.
This document provides an overview of various printmaking techniques. It begins by defining what a print is and discussing early uses of printing. It then characterizes and provides examples of relief processes like woodcut and linocut. It also characterizes and provides examples of intaglio processes like engraving, etching, and drypoint. The document discusses the creative process of printmaking and provides a contemporary example of a four-color intaglio print. It aims to differentiate various printmaking techniques and provide historical and artistic context.
The document discusses the Protestant Reformation that began in the 1500s as people grew dissatisfied with corruption in the Catholic Church. Martin Luther was particularly troubled by the selling of indulgences and wrote his 95 Theses calling for church reform. This sparked the Protestant Reformation and religious conflicts like the Thirty Years' War. The Counter Reformation was the Catholic Church's response to try to stem Protestantism. The Baroque period saw dramatic artistic works used by both Protestants and Catholics to persuade people. Key artists discussed include Bernini, Caravaggio, and their highly dramatic works capturing decisive moments.
This document provides an overview of various painting media used by artists, including encaustic, fresco, tempera, oil painting, watercolor, and gouache. It discusses the characteristics and techniques of each medium, provides examples of famous works to illustrate the properties of the media, and outlines some of the creative processes involved. Key points covered include how encaustic uses pigment and hot wax, fresco applies pigment to wet or dry plaster, tempera combines pigment with egg yolk, and oil painting allows for blending and glazing effects. Watercolor spreads color along paper fibers while gouache produces opaque color. The document examines artistic works to demonstrate the qualities and expressions afforded by different painting media.
This document provides an overview of photography and time-based media. It begins by outlining the origins of photography from the camera obscura to early photographic processes developed by Talbot, Daguerre, and others. Key developments in film such as Edison's Kinetoscope and the Lumiere brothers' Cinématographe are also discussed. The document then examines formal elements of photography like composition, lighting techniques, and the Zone System. It explores how color photography, digital technologies, and artists like Gursky and Goldin have transformed the medium. Principles of film editing, shots, and Griffith's innovations in The Birth of a Nation are outlined. The impact of time-based art into the digital age
Industrialization in 19th century London led to overcrowded, unsanitary living conditions that exacerbated public health issues like cholera. Children from poor families often worked in factories while wives managed domestic life. Reformers responded in various ways, like utopian socialists who envisioned ideal communities with collective production. Literary realism emerged to examine life scientifically and address social issues raised by industrialization, as seen in works by Dickens, Balzac, and slave narratives. Photographers also contributed to realism by making personalized pictures available to broader segments of society. Darwin's Origin of Species applied an objective, observational approach to propose natural selection and evolution, though his conclusions were controversial.
The document summarizes precursors to Impressionism, including the conservative Académie des Beaux-Arts which dominated French art. Many young artists were rejected from the Salon for preferring brighter colors and landscapes over dull historical scenes. JMW Turner innovated by abstracting color and form. The invention of photography changed painting by replacing depictions and forcing artists to reinvent the genre.
The document provides information on various topics related to art and culture in the late 19th century:
- The 1889 Paris Exposition highlighted new inventions and helped popularize the Eiffel Tower.
- Art Nouveau emerged as an international style that emphasized feelings, imagination, and dreams. Ibsen's play A Doll's House depicted the oppression of women in Victorian marriage.
- Post-Impressionist styles like Pointillism, the symbolic use of color by Van Gogh and Gauguin, and Cézanne's emphasis on color and structure developed. European imperialism in Africa was justified by social Darwinism.
The document summarizes characteristics and innovations of Neoclassical art in architecture, painting, and sculpture from the late 18th to mid-19th century. It describes how Neoclassical art revived classical Greek and Roman styles and adapted them to modern contexts. Key aspects included symmetry, order, realistic likenesses, and references to mythology. The movement originated in France and spread to other European countries and the United States, influencing styles in various regions.
The document provides an overview of artistic movements from 1848 to 1914 in Europe and the United States, including Realism, Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Symbolism, and Art Nouveau. It discusses the characteristics and innovations of each movement, as well as important artists such as Courbet, Manet, Monet, Van Gogh, and Käsebier. Key events influencing the art world in this period included industrialization, Japanese prints, photography, and new painting techniques like plein air painting.
The document discusses how artists have reflected scientific and technological innovations in their work, helping shape public understanding of environmental issues. It provides examples of how J.M.W. Turner incorporated new perceptions of speed from rail travel in his painting "Rain, Steam, and Speed" and how architects have been influenced by scientific advances. The document also explains how artists like Albert Bierstadt, Thomas Moran, and photographers helped raise awareness of environmental threats from industry and pollution. Some artists take a long-term view of the landscape and environment in works reflecting ecological concerns and human-induced climate change.
The document provides an overview of major artistic movements in Europe and America between 1900-1945. It discusses the evolution of modernism through Fauvism, German Expressionism, Cubism, Futurism, Dada and Surrealism in Europe. In America, it covers the impact of the 1913 Armory Show, various styles in the early 20th century, art of the Depression era depicting social issues, and Regionalism. Key artists and works from the period are also mentioned.
This slideshow covers two units from an art history course - What is Art? and Technologies of Art Production. It discusses various definitions and theories of art from philosophers like Tolstoy and Berger. It also examines different materials and processes used in artmaking across mediums like drawing, painting, printmaking, photography, sculpture, ceramics, and new media. Key examples are provided to illustrate techniques like fresco painting, oil painting, lithography, and casting in bronze.
This document provides an overview of concepts discussed in Chapter 1 of the textbook World of Art. It discusses several key points:
1) The artist Cai Guo-Qiang is introduced, known for pyrotechnic artworks like extending the Great Wall of China with gunpowder. For the 2008 Beijing Olympics, he directed a fireworks display tracing Chinese history.
2) The creative process is examined through examples like Picasso's Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, which evolved from sketches to the final radical work.
3) Artists can help viewers see the world differently, as seen in works by Cai, Ken Gonzales-Day documenting lynching sites, and coffins in Ghana celebrating
This document provides an overview of concepts discussed in Chapter 1 of the textbook World of Art. It discusses several key points:
1) The artist Cai Guo-Qiang utilized gunpowder to create ephemeral works, including an explosion that extended the Great Wall of China. For the 2008 Beijing Olympics, he directed the visual effects, though air pollution required showing a video rather than the planned fireworks display.
2) Seeing is an inherently creative process, as the human visual system selectively processes information. Works by Jasper Johns and Faith Ringgold demonstrate active, critical seeing of familiar icons like the American flag.
3) Artists engage in a creative process from conception to realization, responding to chance, exploring
This document provides an overview of key developments during the Romantic Age. It discusses advances in technology including the development of gas lighting, electricity, steam engines, and refrigeration. It also outlines major social changes such as the spread of the industrial revolution, emergence of new social classes, and proposed solutions to problems faced by the working class like socialism. The document also summarizes major artistic, literary, philosophical, and scientific movements of the period including Romanticism, Idealism, Positivism, Materialism, Evolution, and Marxism. Key figures and their contributions are discussed such as Turner, Delacroix, Goya, and Pugin.
This document provides an overview of mid-19th century art and architecture, focusing on the rise of realism alongside technological developments of the Industrial Revolution. Key points include:
- The increasing use of iron in architecture, seen in buildings like the Crystal Palace and Eiffel Tower, enabled new construction possibilities.
- Realist works depicted everyday subjects and the working classes in a truthful, unidealized manner. Artists included Courbet, Millet, Daumier, Eakins, and Homer.
- Photography influenced realism by providing reference for accurate depictions.
- Developments in transportation like trains contributed to industrial and economic changes in society.
- The Arts and Crafts movement
This document discusses drawing materials and techniques. It begins by introducing the history of drawing in the Italian Renaissance and how it came to be considered an art form. It then distinguishes between dry and liquid drawing media, providing examples of each. Dry media discussed include metalpoint, chalk, charcoal, graphite, and pastel. Examples are given of works that demonstrate the capabilities of different drawing materials and techniques, such as Leonardo da Vinci's use of metalpoint and Georgia O'Keeffe's charcoal drawing. The document examines the development of drawing materials over time, such as the invention of lead pencils and Conté crayon.
The document discusses the history and techniques of drawing. It covers dry media like metalpoint, chalk, charcoal and graphite used by artists from the Renaissance like Leonardo da Vinci. It also discusses liquid media like pen and ink, wash and brush. Examples are given of works that demonstrate techniques like hatching with metalpoint, building up layers with pastels, and varying line width with calligraphy brushes. The document examines how drawing has been used as a creative process as well as a finished artwork throughout history.
In the late 19th century, industrialization allowed the Western world to dominate globally. Realist and Impressionist art movements emerged in response to social and economic changes brought by industrialization. Realist works by artists like Courbet, Millet, and Daumier documented everyday life and social issues. Impressionism, led by Monet, focused on capturing light and fleeting visual impressions. Post-Impressionists like Cézanne, Gauguin, Seurat, and Van Gogh reacted against Impressionism's limitations by emphasizing composition, emotion, and non-traditional perspectives.
The document summarizes artistic styles and developments in Europe and America between 1700-1800. It describes the Rococo style as delicate and focused on themes of love. The Enlightenment emphasized rational thought and scientific questioning of beliefs. Neoclassicism emerged in the late 18th century reflecting interest in antiquity and reinforcing Enlightenment ideals through themes of honor and civic duty in rational, balanced compositions.
Art Nouveau was a style popular around the turn of the 20th century characterized by organic, floral motifs and highly stylized curvilinear forms that bridged Neoclassicism and modernism. Key figures included Alphonse Mucha and Gustav Klimt. Art Deco emerged in the 1920s-1930s as an eclectic form influenced by sources like African art, machine technology, and architecture like skyscrapers. Piet Mondrian's abstract geometric style sought to eliminate representations of nature. The Bauhaus and De Stijl movements similarly aimed to integrate art and design with modern life and technology through clean, simplified forms.
The history of photography began with early experiments and discoveries in optics and light in ancient Greece and China. The first permanent photograph was created by Joseph Niépce in 1827 using a camera obscura. Louis Daguerre later developed an early photographic process known as the daguerreotype. In the mid-1800s, advances such as the wet plate negative process and dry plates made photography more portable and accessible. The development of roll film and handheld cameras in the late 1800s brought photography to the masses. In the early 1900s, Oskar Barnack created the 35mm film format, which became the standard for film cameras. Digital photography was introduced in the late 20th century, revolutionizing the industry.
This document provides an overview of fourteenth-century European art. It discusses key artists and developments in Italy, including Giotto di Bondone's frescoes in the Scrovegni Chapel in Padua which depicted biblical scenes in a realistic way. Duccio di Buoninsegna's Maestà altarpiece for Siena Cathedral synthesized Byzantine and Gothic styles. Ambrogio Lorenzetti later painted frescoes for the Palazzo Pubblico in Siena depicting the effects of good and bad government. The document also notes the impact of the Black Death pandemic on art in mid-fourteenth century Europe.
This document provides an overview of concepts in art history. It discusses four key ways that art historians investigate works of art: assessing physical properties, analyzing formal structure, identifying subject matter, and integrating works within their cultural context. It provides examples to illustrate each of these methods. The document also summarizes in detail how these four approaches were used to analyze Rogier van der Weyden's painting "Crucifixion with the Virgin and St. John the Evangelist."
This document provides an overview of Gothic art and architecture in Europe between the 12th and 13th centuries. It begins with learning objectives and then discusses the rise of Gothic style, focusing on key developments at the Abbey Church of Saint-Denis, considered the first Gothic building. These included rib vaulting, larger windows, and stained glass installations. The document then examines Chartres Cathedral in depth, highlighting its architectural innovations, sculptures, stained glass windows illustrating biblical scenes, and the social context of cathedral construction.
This document provides an overview of Romanesque art and architecture in Europe between the 11th and 12th centuries. It discusses the political, economic, and social contexts, including the growing power of the Church. Major architectural developments are outlined, including the first all-masonry churches, pilgrimage churches like Santiago de Compostela, and influential monasteries like Cluny and the Cistercian monastery of Fontenay. Reliquaries and the importance of relics are also mentioned. The document aims to identify the key characteristics and developments of Romanesque art through both text and images.
This document provides an overview of early medieval art in Europe between the 5th and 8th centuries CE. It discusses the migration of groups like the Huns, Goths, and Vandals throughout Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire. Artistic traditions developed among these groups as well as the Franks, Anglo-Saxons, and Celts in places like France, Britain, Ireland, and Scandinavia. Important artworks included illuminated manuscripts like the Book of Kells and Lindisfarne Gospels, as well as metalwork and jewelry. Stylistic influences incorporated remnants of classical styles with new abstract, geometric, and knot patterns that characterized Insular art of the British Isles.
This document provides an overview of ancient Egyptian art and architecture from the Predynastic period through the Old Kingdom. It begins with a summary of the importance of the Nile River to early Egyptian civilization and the emergence of chiefdoms. Key developments included the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt, the rise of pharaonic kingship, and the establishment of artistic conventions like composite figures. Early royal tombs took the form of mastabas and pyramids grew more elaborate, like the stepped pyramid of Djoser. The peak of Egyptian art and architecture was seen in Old Kingdom sites like the three great pyramids of Giza.
This document provides an overview of Bronze Age art in the Aegean region, including the Cycladic, Minoan, and Mycenaean cultures. It describes distinctive art forms from each culture, such as the abstract marble figures produced by the Cycladic civilization. For the Minoan civilization, it highlights artistic achievements like the elaborate palace complexes, vivid frescoes, and finely crafted sculptures. The document aims to familiarize readers with the visual hallmarks and historical context of ancient Aegean art.
This document provides an overview of Jewish and early Christian art from antiquity. It begins with learning objectives focused on identifying formal qualities, interpreting themes and symbols, and analyzing historical context. Background information is given on Judaism, Christianity, and their existence in the late Roman Empire. Early Jewish art discussed includes the First Temple in Jerusalem, wall paintings from the Jewish catacomb in Rome depicting menorahs and the Ark of the Covenant, and synagogues with mosaics and paintings. Early Christian art discussed includes paintings from the house church at Dura-Europos depicting scenes from Christ's life, wall paintings and sculptures from the catacombs in Rome, and the adoption of basilica architecture for
This document provides an overview of Byzantine art during the Early Byzantine period under Emperor Justinian I's rule. It discusses major architectural works like the Hagia Sophia and Church of San Vitale, highlighting their use of domes, pendentives, and mosaic artwork. Luxury goods produced in Constantinople included illuminated manuscripts, ivory panels, and silver plates depicting biblical scenes. Icons on walls and panels depicted saints and Mary to venerate holy figures without idolatry.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
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A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
7. EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
In the nineteenth century, Europe and the United States became increasingly
industrialized, and many European nations established colonial possessions around the
world. Paris was firmly established as the center of the Western art world.
[Map 31-01]
10. Jean-Léon Gérôme THE SNAKE CHARMER
c. 1870. Oil on canvas, 33" × 48-1/8" (83.8 × 122.1 cm).
Clark Art Institute, Williamstown, Massachusetts. Acquired by Sterling and Francine
Clark, 1942. (1955.51). Bridgeman Images. [Fig. 31-02]
23. DAGUERREOTYPE OF SAMUEL FINLEY BREESE MORSE
c. 1845. Sixth plate daguerreotype, 2-3/4" × 3-1/4" (7 × 8.3 cm).
The Daguerreotype Collection of the Library of Congress, Washington, DC. Courtesy the
Library of Congress. [Fig. 31-08]
28. Alexander Gardner THE HOME OF THE REBEL SHARPSHOOTER:
BATTLEFIELD AT GETTYSBURG
1863. Albumen print, 7" × 9" (18 × 23 cm).
Library of Congress, Washington, DC. Courtesy the Library of Congress [Fig. 31-10]
62. Dante Gabriel Rossetti LA PIA DE' TOLOMEI
1868–1869. Oil on canvas, 41-1/2" × 47-1/2" (105.4 × 119.4 cm).
Spencer Museum of Art, The University of Kansas. (1956.0031) [Fig. 31-25]
64. Philip Webb and William Morris "SUSSEX" CHAIR and "PEACOCK AND DRAGON"
CURTAIN
Chair (by Webb): In production from c. 1865.
Ebonized wood with rush seat, 33" × 16 1/2" × 14" (83.8 × 42 × 35.6 cm).
Curtain (by Morris): 1878. Handloomed jacquard-woven woolen twill, 12'10-1/2" × 11'5-
5/8" (3.96 × 3.53 m). Chair and curtain manufactured by Morris & Company. The William
Morris Gallery, London Borough of Waltham Forest. The William Morris Gallery, London,
E17, England. [Fig. 31-26]
66. James Abbott McNeill Whistler NOCTURNE IN BLACK AND GOLD, THE FALLING
ROCKET
1875. Oil on panel, 23-3/4" × 18-3/8" (60.2 × 46.7 cm).
The Detroit Institute of Arts. Gift of Dexter M. Ferry Jr. (46.309).
Bridgeman Images. [Fig. 31-27]
73. Claude Monet ROUEN CATHEDRAL, WEST FAÇADE, SUNLIGHT
1894. Oil on canvas, 39-3/8 × 25-7/8" (100.1 × 65.8 cm).
National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., Chester Dale Collection (1963.10.179).
Image courtesy the National Gallery of Art, Washington. [Fig. 31-29]
75. Camille Pissarro WOODED LANDSCAPE AT L'HERMITAGE, PONTOISE
1878. Oil on canvas, 18-5/16" × 22-1/16" (46.5 × 56 cm).
The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, Missouri. Gift of Dr. and Mrs. Nicholas S.
Pickard. [Fig. 31-30]
89. Suzuki Harunobu YOUNG WOMAN LOOKING AT A POT OF PINKS
c. 1767. Woodblock print, 10-5⁄8" × 7-1⁄2″ (27 × 19.2 cm).
The Cleveland Museum of Art. Bridgeman Images. [Fig. 31-37]
91. Mary Cassatt WOMAN BATHING
1890–1891. Color drypoint and aquatint, 16-5⁄8" × 12″ (42.3 × 30.5 cm). National Gallery
of Art, Washington, D.C., Chester Dale Collection (1963.10.253)
Image courtesy the National Gallery of Art, Washington. [Fig. 31-38]
108. Auguste Rodin THE BURGHERS OF CALAIS
1884–1889. Bronze, 6'10-1/2" × 7'11" × 6'6" (2.1 × 2.4 × 2 m).
Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. Gift
of Joseph H. Hirshhorn, 1966 (66.4340). [Fig. 31-45]
119. Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec JANE AVRIL
1893. Four color lithograph, 51-1/8" × 37/3/8" (129.85 × 94.93 cm).
Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles. Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Billy Wilder
(59.80.15). [Fig. 31-50]
123. Joseph Paxton THE CRYSTAL PALACE
London. 1850–1851. Iron, glass, and wood.
(Print of the Great Exhibition of 1851; printed and published by Dickinson Brothers,
London, 1854. Illustration by Joseph Nash and Robert Haghe). British Library, London.
[Fig. 31-51]
134. Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux MAP OF CENTRAL PARK, NEW YORK CITY
Revised and extended park layout as shown in a map of 1873.
Frederick Law Olmsted & Calvert Vaux/City of New York, Department of Parks.
[Fig. 31-53]
Gustave Eiffel EIFFEL TOWER, PARIS1889 (also the date of this photograph). Height 984' (300 m).Courtesy the Library of Congress. [Fig. 31-01]
EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURYIn the nineteenth century, Europe and the United States became increasingly industrialized, and many European nations established colonial possessions around the world. Paris was firmly established as the center of the Western art world.[Map 31-01]
Jean-Léon Gérôme THE SNAKE CHARMERc. 1870. Oil on canvas, 33" × 48-1/8" (83.8 × 122.1 cm).Clark Art Institute, Williamstown, Massachusetts. Acquired by Sterling and Francine Clark, 1942. (1955.51). Bridgeman Images. [Fig. 31-02]
DAGUERREOTYPE OF SAMUEL FINLEY BREESE MORSEc. 1845. Sixth plate daguerreotype, 2-3/4" × 3-1/4" (7 × 8.3 cm).The Daguerreotype Collection of the Library of Congress, Washington, DC. Courtesy the Library of Congress. [Fig. 31-08]
Alexander Gardner THE HOME OF THE REBEL SHARPSHOOTER:BATTLEFIELD AT GETTYSBURG1863. Albumen print, 7" × 9" (18 × 23 cm).Library of Congress, Washington, DC. Courtesy the Library of Congress [Fig. 31-10]
Julia Margaret Cameron PORTRAIT OF THOMAS CARLYLE1867. Silver print, 10" × 8" (25.4 × 20.3 cm).The Royal Photographic Society, Collection at National Museum of Photography, Film, and Television, England. [Fig. 31-11]
Edmonia Lewis FOREVER FREE1867. Marble, 41-1/4 × 22 × 17" (104.8 × 55 × 43.2 cm).Howard University Gallery of Art, Washington, DC. [Fig. 31-23]
Henry Ossawa Tanner THE BANJO LESSON1893. Oil on canvas, 49 × 35-1/2" (124.4 × 90 cm).Hampton University Museum, Virginia. Hampton University’s Archival and Museum Collection Hampton University. [Fig. 31-24]
Dante Gabriel Rossetti LA PIA DE' TOLOMEI1868–1869. Oil on canvas, 41-1/2" × 47-1/2" (105.4 × 119.4 cm).Spencer Museum of Art, The University of Kansas. (1956.0031) [Fig. 31-25]
Philip Webb and William Morris "SUSSEX" CHAIR and "PEACOCK AND DRAGON" CURTAINChair (by Webb): In production from c. 1865.Ebonized wood with rush seat, 33" × 16 1/2" × 14" (83.8 × 42 × 35.6 cm).Curtain (by Morris): 1878. Handloomed jacquard-woven woolen twill, 12'10-1/2" × 11'5-5/8" (3.96 × 3.53 m). Chair and curtain manufactured by Morris & Company. The William Morris Gallery, London Borough of Waltham Forest. The William Morris Gallery, London, E17, England. [Fig. 31-26]
James Abbott McNeill Whistler NOCTURNE IN BLACK AND GOLD, THE FALLING ROCKET1875. Oil on panel, 23-3/4" × 18-3/8" (60.2 × 46.7 cm).The Detroit Institute of Arts. Gift of Dexter M. Ferry Jr. (46.309).Bridgeman Images. [Fig. 31-27]
Claude Monet IMPRESSION: SUNRISE1872. Oil on canvas, 19" × 24-3/8" (48 × 63 cm).Musée Marmottan, Paris. Bridgeman Images. [Fig. 31-28]
Claude Monet ROUEN CATHEDRAL, WEST FAÇADE, SUNLIGHT1894. Oil on canvas, 39-3/8 × 25-7/8" (100.1 × 65.8 cm).National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., Chester Dale Collection (1963.10.179). Image courtesy the National Gallery of Art, Washington. [Fig. 31-29]
Camille Pissarro WOODED LANDSCAPE AT L'HERMITAGE, PONTOISE1878. Oil on canvas, 18-5/16" × 22-1/16" (46.5 × 56 cm).The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, Missouri. Gift of Dr. and Mrs. Nicholas S. Pickard. [Fig. 31-30]
Suzuki Harunobu YOUNG WOMAN LOOKING AT A POT OF PINKSc. 1767. Woodblock print, 10-5⁄8 × 7-1⁄2″ (27 × 19.2 cm).The Cleveland Museum of Art. Bridgeman Images. [Fig. 31-37]
Mary Cassatt WOMAN BATHING1890–1891. Color drypoint and aquatint, 16-5⁄8" × 12″ (42.3 × 30.5 cm). National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., Chester Dale Collection (1963.10.253)Image courtesy the National Gallery of Art, Washington. [Fig. 31-38]
Auguste Rodin THE BURGHERS OF CALAIS1884–1889. Bronze, 6'10-1/2" × 7'11" × 6'6" (2.1 × 2.4 × 2 m).Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. Gift of Joseph H. Hirshhorn, 1966 (66.4340). [Fig. 31-45]
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec JANE AVRIL1893. Four color lithograph, 51-1/8" × 37/3/8" (129.85 × 94.93 cm).Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles. Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Billy Wilder (59.80.15). [Fig. 31-50]
Joseph Paxton THE CRYSTAL PALACELondon. 1850–1851. Iron, glass, and wood. (Print of the Great Exhibition of 1851; printed and published by Dickinson Brothers, London, 1854. Illustration by Joseph Nash and Robert Haghe). British Library, London. [Fig. 31-51]
Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux MAP OF CENTRAL PARK, NEW YORK CITYRevised and extended park layout as shown in a map of 1873.Frederick Law Olmsted & Calvert Vaux/City of New York, Department of Parks. [Fig. 31-53]