This document discusses several methods for separating substances: Magnetic separation uses magnetic properties to separate magnetic and non-magnetic materials. Decantation involves allowing substances of different densities to separate, then pouring off the lighter material. Filtration removes solids from liquids by passing the mixture through a permeable barrier. Evaporation and distillation both remove liquids from mixtures, with distillation collecting the evaporated liquid through condensation.

2. Separating substances:
examples

3. Magnetic Separation
• Magnetic separation is used in many fields and
industries. The main use in manufacturing is using the
magnetic properties of a substance to separate
magnetic materials from nonmagnetic materials or
materials with strong magnetic fields from materials
with low magnetic fields. This is useful for separating
crushed ore at various stages of the mining, iron
production, mineral processing and metallurgy
industries; the process is also used to remove materials
with magnetic properties in the processing of food.

4. Decantation
• Oil and water: Oil floats on top of water. Decanting the mixture allows the oil to be
poured off the water.
• Gasoline or kerosene and water: This mixture is an example often cited as a safety
hazard. Decanting a mixture containing flammable solvents can be dangerous, as the
flammable material evaporates and forms dangerous fumes.
• Dirt and water: Muddy water can be cleared up by decanting. The soil will sink to the
bottom of the tube, allowing the clear water to be poured off.
• Wine: Sediment from the fermentation process can produce an undesirable taste.
Wine is decanted to separate the wine from these sediments.
• Cream and milk: Cream is separated from milk by decantation. Cream rises to the top
of the milk mixture and is easily skimmed off.
• Blood and plasma: A centrifuge is necessary for this decantation. Plasma can be
removed from blood by decantation.

5. Filtration
• Brewing coffee
• Kidneys – They filter your
blood
• Air conditioning – It filters
the air
• Tap water – It filters the dirt

6. Evaporation
• Evaporation is used to remove water in salt
evaporation ponds; the sun evaporates the
water and the salt is left behind.
• Cloths drying on a line.
• A floor drying after it is mopped
• Your hair drying after you wash it.
• Sweating when you are hot
• A puddle drying out
• Paint drying

7. Distillation
• Making perfume
• Creating food flavourings
• Make alcohol
• Purifying water
• Salt water is turned into fresh water through
distillation. Various forms of fuel, such as gasoline,
are separated from crude oil by distillation. Alcoholic
beverages (for example, whisky) are made through
distillation. The alcohol is boiled off from the rest of
the mixture and collected in a concentrated format.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KC150x_JnDE

8. How are evaporation and distillation linked?
Which part of the process is the same?

9. Separating mixtures
• Make a diagram in your notebook using these words: Magnetic
separtion, Filtration, Decantation, Evaporation, Distillation, solid from
solid, solid from liquid, liquids of different densities, solid from
solution, liquid from solution
Separating
mixtures