types of embryo development

1. TOPIC: endosperm development
SST 201 – PRINCIPLES AND
PRACTICES OFSEED PRODUCTION
(1+1)
BY
M.ARAVIND
2015032002

2. Endosperm
Endosperm is a tissue produced inside the seeds of most of
the flowering plants following fertilization. It surrounds the
embryo and provides nutrition in the form of starch, though it can also
contain oils and protein. This can make endosperm a source of
nutrition in the human diet.

3. Endosperm development
Endosperm is the nutritive tissue formed as a result of triple fusion
in the angiosperms.
Endosperm formation starts prior to embryo formation.
Reaches its maximum morphological development at
physiological maturity
Based on the mode of development of endosperms:
Nuclear
Cellular
Helobial

4. Nuclear endosperm
Primary endosperm nucleus divides repeatedly to form a large
number of free nuclei.
No cell plate formation takes place at this stage and a central
vacuole appears later.
It is followed by cell plate formation which is centripetal.
It is the most common type of endosperm e.g., Cotton, Maize,
Capsella, Coconut (milk), wheat, etc .

5. Cellular endosperm
 Cell wall formation occurs immediately after division
 Subsequent divisions also accompanied by cell plate formation.
 As a result, the endosperm becomes cellular from the beginning.
 Eg: - Balsam, Petunia, barley, grasses, Petunia, Utricularia,
Coconut (copra).

6. Helobial endosperm
Intermediate above two type e.g., members of order helobiales (Monocot)
First division is cellular (i.e., wall formation follows the first division)
However, inside each of these newly formed cells, free nuclear divisions
occur.
But finally, the endosperm becomes cellular following the pattern of
development of nuclear endosperms.

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