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Seed development and maturation
1. Seed Development &
Maturation
Department of Seed Science & Technology
TAMIL NADU AGRICULTURAL UNVIVERSITY
Coimbatore – 641 003
Department of Seed Science & Technology, TNAU, Coimbatore
11. Embryogeny and storage tissue formation
Department of Seed Science & Technology, TNAU, Coimbatore
12. Effect of foreign pollen on seed production
Maize
Effect of foreign pollen
on endosperm of seeds
Sometimes Ridge Gourd
may taste bitter due to
pollination from bitter
gourd.
13. Deposition of reserves in storage tissues
a.Starch synthesis
b.Fat synthesis
c.Protein synthesis
d.Hormones in developing seed
Department of Seed Science & Technology, TNAU, Coimbatore
14. STARCH SYNTHESIS
SUCROSE, the sugar
translocated mother plant to
the seed,
It is converted into AMYLOSE
and AMYLOPECTIN
Stored in AMYLOPLAST
Department of Seed Science & Technology, TNAU, Coimbatore
15. FAT SYNTHESIS
SUCROSE translocated to
developing seed
It is converted into
TRIBLYCERIDE (Fat)
Stored in LIPID BODIES
Department of Seed Science & Technology, TNAU, Coimbatore
16. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
The code for protein synthesis
is present in DNA.
r RNA, t RNA and m RNA are
involved in synthesis of
proteins in rough ER.
It is stored in protein bodies.
Department of Seed Science & Technology, TNAU, Coimbatore
17. HORMONE SYNTHESIS
Auxins, GA, cytokinin and ABA
All hormones – except ABA- levels
are high during developing stage
ABA level increases at maturity.
Department of Seed Science & Technology, TNAU, Coimbatore
18.
19. • Supply of nutrition to mother plants
• It is important to supply the nutrients
required for all the above morphological &
synthetic processes
• It helps to increase number of flowers,
number of seeds, 100 seed weight of seeds
& crop yield
20. Benefits
• Two foliar sprays before and
after flowering
• Higher 100 seed weight
• Higher seed yield
• Better resultant seed quality
• Effective across all crops
27. Seeds do not imbibe water due to hard seed coat
Do not germinate
Seeds maturing during high temperature or drought express more hard seeds
Development of Hard seeds
28. ….defined as the point of MAXIMUM DRY WEIGHT of
seed.
...at this stage, the VIABILITY AND VIGOUR of seeds are
also higher.
Physiological maturity
Harvestable maturity
Seed maturity
Department of Seed Science & Technology, TNAU, Coimbatore
29. Crop species Physiological maturity
(Days after anthesis)
Rice 30-35 days
Maize 30-35 days
Black gram 30 days
Red gram 35 days
Ground nut 50 days
Cotton 40 days
Bhendi 30-35 days
Physiological & Harvestable Maturity
Department of Seed Science & Technology, TNAU, Coimbatore
30. Crop Symptoms of maturity
Paddy Change of green colour to straw yellow colour panicle
Sorghum Formation of dunken layer (Black), change of earhead colour to pale yellow
(depending upon the variety)
Cumbu Formation of dunken layer (Black), Earhead colour changes to Ivary
Maize Husk dries and become straw yellow. Drying of silk
Cotton Hairline crack in Bolls
Sunflower Back side of thalamus turning lemon yellow in colour
Groundnut i) Black colouration in inner side of the shells
ii) Rattling sound of kernel
iii) Yellowing of older leaves
Pulses Turning of pod colour to Brown / Black
Soybean Withering of leaves. Pod colour change to brown
Gingelly Browning / yellowing of pods. Bottom 1 or 2 pods may have dehisced. Seeds become
chocolate brown in colour
31. Problems with early / late harvest
• Immature seeds
• Poor storageEarly
• Seed deterioration
• Preharvest sproutingLate
32. Proper nutrition & irrigation in critical stages
Harvest the seeds in maturity stage.
Retain highest viability and vigour
Records better storage potential
Points to remember…..
Department of Seed Science & Technology, TNAU, Coimbatore