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This document discusses zoonotic cestode infections, with an emphasis on neurocysticercosis and hydatidosis. It defines zoonotic diseases as those transmitted between animals and humans. Asia currently has the greatest burden of cystic echinococcosis and cysticercosis. It then lists and provides brief details on various zoonotic cestode infections, including sparganosis, hymenolepises, coenuriasis, and others. The document focuses on neurocysticercosis, providing details on the life cycle of Taenia solium and epidemiology of the disease in India. It also discusses hydatidosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus,
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Coenurus cerebralis
Cerebral coenurosis, caused by the larval stage Coenurus cerebralis of the tapeworm Taenia multiceps, is a parasitic disease affecting the brains and spinal cords of sheep, goats, and rarely cattle. It causes neurological disorders. The disease severity depends on the cyst location and size and associated neuropathological lesions. It typically presents as either an acute form from intense larval migration following massive exposure, or a chronic form where bladder cysts develop in the central nervous system. The chronic form is more common and both forms can be fatal if left untreated. Humans can also be infected through consuming contaminated food with T. multiceps eggs.
Mareks Disease of Poultry
Marek’s Disease – A lymphoproliferative disease of chickens characterised by mononuclear infilteration of PNS, other tissues & visceral organs.
First described by Jozsef Marek of Hungary in 1907.
Due to neuronal involvement, synonyms used are – Polyneuritis, Fowl Paralysis, Range Paralysis & Neurolymphomatosis.
Mo W 05
Yersinia Pestis is a rod-shaped, pathogenic bacterium that is the main cause of the plague or "Black Death". It spreads through fleas that have fed on infected rats or by handling rats, and can also spread through the cough of infected people. When airborne, it can cause a type of pneumonia that is very hard to treat.
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New castle disease
This document summarizes information about paramyxoviridae and Newcastle disease virus (NDV). It discusses the classification, structure, replication cycle, and proteins of paramyxoviridae. It then focuses on NDV, describing its etiology, strains, cultivation, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, pathotypes based on pathogenicity tests, and vaccination approaches. The key points are that NDV is classified under rubulavirus, it causes Newcastle disease in poultry, and pathotyping involves tests that determine virulence based on mean death time and disease indices in chickens.
Marek's disease in poultry ...
Marek's disease is a lymphoproliferative disease of chickens caused by the Marek's disease virus (GaHV-2), a herpesvirus. It is characterized by mononuclear infiltration of nerves that can cause paralysis or tumors. Clinical signs include neurological disorders, ocular problems, and cutaneous or visceral lymphomas. The virus enters chickens via respiratory droplets and spreads through the flock. Prevention focuses on vaccination of young chicks.
Ascariasis
This document discusses ascariasis, a common helminth infection caused by the roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides. It infects over 25% of the world's population, predominantly children. Symptoms can include growth retardation, pneumonia, and intestinal obstruction. The life cycle and immunosuppressive effects of ascariasis are described, including its role in modulating the immune system and suppressing inflammatory responses through molecules like PAS-1. The hygiene hypothesis, which proposes that lack of early childhood exposure to pathogens like helminths may increase risk for allergic diseases, is also discussed.
Marek’s disease
This document provides information about Marek's Disease, including:
1) It is a lymphoproliferative disease of chickens caused by the Marek's Disease Virus (MDV), a herpesvirus. MDV has three serotypes, with Serotype 1 including the oncogenic strains responsible for Marek's Disease.
2) The virus spreads via dander from infected feather follicles through the air. It causes proliferation of lymphocytes which can deposit in various tissues, leading to neural, visceral, cutaneous or ocular forms of the disease.
3) Clinical signs include paralysis, enlarged organs, skin nodules or eye protrusion. Diagnosis involves post-mortem
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Coenurus cerebralis
Cerebral coenurosis, caused by the larval stage Coenurus cerebralis of the tapeworm Taenia multiceps, is a parasitic disease affecting the brains and spinal cords of sheep, goats, and rarely cattle. It causes neurological disorders. The disease severity depends on the cyst location and size and associated neuropathological lesions. It typically presents as either an acute form from intense larval migration following massive exposure, or a chronic form where bladder cysts develop in the central nervous system. The chronic form is more common and both forms can be fatal if left untreated. Humans can also be infected through consuming contaminated food with T. multiceps eggs.
Mareks Disease of Poultry
Marek’s Disease – A lymphoproliferative disease of chickens characterised by mononuclear infilteration of PNS, other tissues & visceral organs.
First described by Jozsef Marek of Hungary in 1907.
Due to neuronal involvement, synonyms used are – Polyneuritis, Fowl Paralysis, Range Paralysis & Neurolymphomatosis.
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Yersinia Pestis is a rod-shaped, pathogenic bacterium that is the main cause of the plague or "Black Death". It spreads through fleas that have fed on infected rats or by handling rats, and can also spread through the cough of infected people. When airborne, it can cause a type of pneumonia that is very hard to treat.
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This document summarizes information about paramyxoviridae and Newcastle disease virus (NDV). It discusses the classification, structure, replication cycle, and proteins of paramyxoviridae. It then focuses on NDV, describing its etiology, strains, cultivation, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, pathotypes based on pathogenicity tests, and vaccination approaches. The key points are that NDV is classified under rubulavirus, it causes Newcastle disease in poultry, and pathotyping involves tests that determine virulence based on mean death time and disease indices in chickens.
Marek's disease in poultry ...
Marek's disease is a lymphoproliferative disease of chickens caused by the Marek's disease virus (GaHV-2), a herpesvirus. It is characterized by mononuclear infiltration of nerves that can cause paralysis or tumors. Clinical signs include neurological disorders, ocular problems, and cutaneous or visceral lymphomas. The virus enters chickens via respiratory droplets and spreads through the flock. Prevention focuses on vaccination of young chicks.
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This document discusses ascariasis, a common helminth infection caused by the roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides. It infects over 25% of the world's population, predominantly children. Symptoms can include growth retardation, pneumonia, and intestinal obstruction. The life cycle and immunosuppressive effects of ascariasis are described, including its role in modulating the immune system and suppressing inflammatory responses through molecules like PAS-1. The hygiene hypothesis, which proposes that lack of early childhood exposure to pathogens like helminths may increase risk for allergic diseases, is also discussed.
Marek’s disease
This document provides information about Marek's Disease, including:
1) It is a lymphoproliferative disease of chickens caused by the Marek's Disease Virus (MDV), a herpesvirus. MDV has three serotypes, with Serotype 1 including the oncogenic strains responsible for Marek's Disease.
2) The virus spreads via dander from infected feather follicles through the air. It causes proliferation of lymphocytes which can deposit in various tissues, leading to neural, visceral, cutaneous or ocular forms of the disease.
3) Clinical signs include paralysis, enlarged organs, skin nodules or eye protrusion. Diagnosis involves post-mortem
Filariasis
This document summarizes information about lymphatic filariasis, which is caused by infection with nematodes Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi. It affects over 120 million people globally. The life cycle involves transmission between humans and mosquitoes. Adult worms reside in human lymphatic vessels and nodes, producing microfilariae that circulate in blood mostly at night. This can lead to lymphadenitis, lymphangitis, lymphedema, and elephantiasis over time. Diagnosis involves detecting microfilariae or using immunological and molecular tests. Treatment is diethylcarbamazine to kill microfilariae and mosquito control to block transmission.
Newcastle disease (Ranikhet)
Newcastle Disease is caused by a paramyxovirus that infects the respiratory and intestinal tracts of chickens. It spreads to other organs via the bloodstream, causing infection of the lungs, intestines, and central nervous system. Clinical signs include respiratory symptoms, nervous signs, digestive issues, and sudden death. Gross lesions include hemorrhages in multiple organs, tracheitis, diphtheritic inflammation of the throat and esophagus, necrosis of lymphoid tissues, and congestion in organs like the liver and lungs. Histopathological examination reveals epithelial necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, neuronal degeneration, and lymphoid tissue destruction in affected organs.
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Review on culex_quinquefasciatus_southern_house_mosquito
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(1) Medical entomology is the study of arthropods of medical importance and is an important branch of preventive medicine.
(2) Arthropods of medical importance include insects, arachnids, and crustaceans such as mosquitoes, ticks, mites, lice, fleas, and cyclops that can transmit diseases mechanically or biologically.
(3) Diseases can be transmitted through direct contact with the arthropod, mechanical transmission of pathogens without replication in the vector, or biological transmission where the pathogen replicates or undergoes development in the vector before transmission.
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Lymphatic filariasis
1. Lymphatic filariasis, also known as elephantiasis, is a neglected tropical disease caused by filarial parasites transmitted to humans by mosquitoes. It affects over 120 million people globally.
2. Infection occurs when filarial parasites are transmitted to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes. This leads to damage of the lymphatic system over time, causing lymphedema, elephantiasis, and hydrocele in up to 40 million people.
3. In India, over 1 billion people are at risk of infection, with areas of high endemicity including states like Bihar, UP, and Orissa. The national control program employs mass drug administration of DEC or iverme
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Filariasis
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Filariioses 10
Filarial worms infect over 140 million people worldwide and are transmitted by mosquitoes. They reside in lymphatic vessels and tissues. The most common forms that cause disease are Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Onchocerca volvulus, and Loa loa. They have complex lifecycles involving microfilariae that develop in mosquitoes before infecting humans. Lymphatic filariasis causes lymphatic damage and symptoms like hydrocele, lymphedema, and elephantiasis due to adult worms residing in lymphatics. Treatment involves diethylcarbamazine to kill microfilariae.
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Filariasis
This document summarizes information about lymphatic filariasis, which is caused by infection with nematodes Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi. It affects over 120 million people globally. The life cycle involves transmission between humans and mosquitoes. Adult worms reside in human lymphatic vessels and nodes, producing microfilariae that circulate in blood mostly at night. This can lead to lymphadenitis, lymphangitis, lymphedema, and elephantiasis over time. Diagnosis involves detecting microfilariae or using immunological and molecular tests. Treatment is diethylcarbamazine to kill microfilariae and mosquito control to block transmission.
Newcastle disease (Ranikhet)
Newcastle Disease is caused by a paramyxovirus that infects the respiratory and intestinal tracts of chickens. It spreads to other organs via the bloodstream, causing infection of the lungs, intestines, and central nervous system. Clinical signs include respiratory symptoms, nervous signs, digestive issues, and sudden death. Gross lesions include hemorrhages in multiple organs, tracheitis, diphtheritic inflammation of the throat and esophagus, necrosis of lymphoid tissues, and congestion in organs like the liver and lungs. Histopathological examination reveals epithelial necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, neuronal degeneration, and lymphoid tissue destruction in affected organs.
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Review on culex_quinquefasciatus_southern_house_mosquito
Review on culex_quinquefasciatus_southern_house_mosquitoSSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences
ABSTRACT- Diseases caused by mosquitoes have been a threat all around the globe since ages and humans have been coping with the disease spread in various possible ways. Mosquitoes are ectoparasites, which are vectors to numerous of diseases caused in humans as well as animals, and birds. Through the diseases they carry, it may lead to severe illness and even death. Culex quinquefasciatus is one of the mosquito species, which is a potential vector of several arboviruses like West Nile virus (WNV), Rift Valley fever virus, avian pox and protozoa like Plasmodium relictum, which causes bird malaria. This mosquito exists throughout the tropics and the lower latitudes of temperate regions. Also, it can transmit several other arboviruses in the laboratory conditions. The present study is an attempt to review the bioecology, medical importance, and impact of phytoextracts on the life of Culex quinquefasciatus. It acts as an important bridge since it bridges between different reservoir/amplifier hosts to humans because of its encounter with different vertebrates. It also forms an ecological bridge between the urban, periurban and rural areas, which leads to its presence and adaptability in diverse ecological conditions. Emerging as a smart vector because of the features like-adaptive fitness, ecological plasticity, invasive behaviour and high reproductive potential, this mosquito possesses the necessary capability for disease transmission by establishing an effective vector-host transmission cycle for diverse pathogens in variable environments. Thus, in the changing ecological conditions also this mosquito might enhance its epidemiological importance in the near future as a smart vector even for those pathogens, which are presently not even having any public health importance. Hence, studies are being made to find out and prepare plants based environment friendly formulations in order to target this organism because this species may develop resistance to the chemical insecticides due to its high resistivity and adaptability. Key-words- Culex quinquefasciatus, Smart vector, Plasmodium relictum, Southern house mosquitoViruses and coronavirus
Viruses are sub-microscopic particles that can infect all types of life forms. They are made up of genetic material and protein and require a host cell to multiply. Coronaviruses are named for their spiky surface projections and can cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to SARS. COVID-19, which emerged in China in late 2019, is a new type of coronavirus. Coronaviruses originate in animals and some have the ability to transmit between animals and humans. Viral infections occur when a virus reproduces inside the body, potentially causing tissue damage and weakening the immune system.
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Virology is a division of science, which concentrates on the study of viruses and organisms which act like bacteria, such as prions and viroids.
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The document summarizes the history and development of medical entomology, which is the study of insects and other arthropods that impact human health. It discusses how early scientists in the 1660s began the scientific study of insects like fleas and mosquitoes. In the late 19th century, Ronald Ross discovered that mosquitoes transmit malaria parasites between humans. This established the field of medical entomology and led to the understanding of how diseases are transmitted. Later scientists like William Horsfall and Marilyn O'Hara Ruiz advanced the field through studies of mosquito morphology and computational modeling of disease transmission patterns.
Emerging and Re-emerging Zoonotic Diseases -An Overview
Zoonotic diseases are infections that can be transmitted between animals and humans. Many serious human pathogens are zoonotic, including 61% of human pathogens, 64% of newly identified infectious agents between 1973-1994, and 74.45% of emerging infectious diseases. Zoonoses can be transmitted via direct or indirect contact with infected animals, through animal products, contaminated water, vectors like mosquitoes and ticks, and through the air. Groups at high risk include farmers, livestock owners, veterinarians, and individuals with weak immune systems. Zoonotic diseases are caused by a variety of disease-causing agents including bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. Prevention strategies include proper hygiene, avoiding contact with sick or wild
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This document summarizes information about lymphatic filariasis, a neglected tropical disease spread by mosquitoes. It is caused by microscopic filarial worms, mainly Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia spp. Symptoms range from none in early infection to acute attacks of fever and inflammation to long-term swelling and deformities. Over 100 countries are affected globally. Diagnosis involves detecting microfilariae in blood smears or circulating filarial antigens. The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis aims to eliminate it by 2020 through mass drug administration of antifilarial medications combined with vector control strategies like insecticide spraying. Bangladesh has a high burden with 20 million infected people out of
Seminar on Malaria Plasmodium
This seminar discusses malaria, which is caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium and spread through mosquito bites. It outlines the life cycle of the malaria parasite, symptoms of the disease, and methods of prevention and treatment. Malaria remains a major public health problem, infecting over 1 million people annually in Africa. The seminar acknowledges the guidance of Professor Rehman in its preparation.
Medical entomology lecture ppt
(1) Medical entomology is the study of arthropods of medical importance and is an important branch of preventive medicine.
(2) Arthropods of medical importance include insects, arachnids, and crustaceans such as mosquitoes, ticks, mites, lice, fleas, and cyclops that can transmit diseases mechanically or biologically.
(3) Diseases can be transmitted through direct contact with the arthropod, mechanical transmission of pathogens without replication in the vector, or biological transmission where the pathogen replicates or undergoes development in the vector before transmission.
Epidemiology and control of filariasis (Lymphatic Filariasis) in India
Lymphatic filariasis is a major public health problem in India, caused by parasitic filarial worms transmitted by mosquitoes. It manifests as lymphedema, elephantiasis, and hydrocele. Mass drug administration of diethylcarbamazine is used for treatment and control. Vector control via reducing mosquito breeding also helps control transmission. The goal is to eliminate the disease as a public health problem by 2020 through interrupting transmission. Assessment involves monitoring microfilaria rates, disease prevalence, and entomological parameters to evaluate control programs.
Lymphatic filariasis
1. Lymphatic filariasis, also known as elephantiasis, is a neglected tropical disease caused by filarial parasites transmitted to humans by mosquitoes. It affects over 120 million people globally.
2. Infection occurs when filarial parasites are transmitted to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes. This leads to damage of the lymphatic system over time, causing lymphedema, elephantiasis, and hydrocele in up to 40 million people.
3. In India, over 1 billion people are at risk of infection, with areas of high endemicity including states like Bihar, UP, and Orissa. The national control program employs mass drug administration of DEC or iverme
General Virology
The document discusses shingles, which is caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV) that also causes chickenpox. After a chickenpox infection, the VZV virus remains dormant in the body's nerves. Approximately 30% of people who had chickenpox will later develop shingles. The VZV replicates within cells and can be classified as a varicellovirus within the Herpesviridae family. While related to herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, VZV is thought to have diverged from a common ancestral virus. Genomic sequencing has identified nine genotypes of VZV that are globally distributed.
Filariasis
Filariasis is caused by parasitic nematode worms that infect humans and animals. There are different types classified by where the adult worms reside in the human body, with the cutaneous and lymphatic groups being most important. Symptoms range from asymptomatic infection to acute or chronic conditions like lymphedema and elephantiasis, usually resulting from the host's reaction to the microfilariae or adult worms. While filarial diseases are rarely fatal, they commonly cause long-term disability due to effects on lymphatic systems and productivity losses.
10 malaria and filariasis
The document discusses mosquito-borne diseases malaria and lymphatic filariasis, outlining their causative agents, life cycles, symptoms, treatment and prevention. Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites and transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes, killing over 1 million people annually. Lymphatic filariasis is caused by parasitic worms transmitted by Culex and Mansonia mosquitoes and can lead to severe swelling of limbs.
Pulpa y perio
This document reviews the interactions between pulpal and periodontal tissues when both are infected. It discusses that both endodontic and periodontal diseases are caused by mixed anaerobic bacterial infections. There are anatomical pathways like apical foramina and accessory canals that connect the root canal system to the periodontal ligament, allowing spread of bacteria between the tissues. The microbiota of infected root canals and periodontal pockets are generally similar. Lesions involving both tissues can be primarily endodontic or periodontal in origin, or stem from separate infections in each tissue.
Baculovirus npv
Baculoviruses are pathogens that infect insects and other arthropods. They are small, double-stranded DNA viruses. The Nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) is a baculovirus that infects insects like moths and butterflies. It forms an extremely stable crystal capsule called the occlusion body that protects the virus in the environment. When an insect eats a contaminated plant, the alkaline environment of its gut dissolves the occlusion body and releases virus particles that infect the gut cells. The virus then replicates rapidly within the host's cells until it dies, filled with new virus particles. NPV spreads by infected insects shedding virus crystals that can then infect other insects.
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This document summarizes a case study of snake bite pathology in a stray dog. A two-year old stray dog presented with swelling in its right forelimb and a snake bite wound. Upon necropsy, cyanosis and hemorrhaging were observed in the lungs, liver, kidneys and heart, indicating multi-organ failure. Histopathological examination revealed tissue damage including muscle necrosis, kidney tubule necrosis, and lung hemorrhaging and congestion. Based on the location of the wound and pathological findings, the snake was determined to be a viper species, as the lesions were consistent with hemotoxic venom effects.
Filariioses 10
Filarial worms infect over 140 million people worldwide and are transmitted by mosquitoes. They reside in lymphatic vessels and tissues. The most common forms that cause disease are Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Onchocerca volvulus, and Loa loa. They have complex lifecycles involving microfilariae that develop in mosquitoes before infecting humans. Lymphatic filariasis causes lymphatic damage and symptoms like hydrocele, lymphedema, and elephantiasis due to adult worms residing in lymphatics. Treatment involves diethylcarbamazine to kill microfilariae.
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zoonotic cestode infections:emphasis on Neurocysticercosis and Echinococcosis
This document discusses zoonotic cestode infections, with an emphasis on neurocysticercosis and hydatidosis. It outlines that cestode zoonoses are emerging worldwide and Asia has the greatest burden of cystic echinococcosis and cysticercosis. Neurocysticercosis is caused by the pork tapeworm Taenia solium and is the leading cause of epilepsy in developing countries. Hydatidosis is caused by the larval stage of the dog tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus infecting organs like the liver and lungs. Diagnosis involves ultrasound imaging of cysts with characteristic appearances depending on the WHO classification type.
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3. Echinococcus sp NTA LEVEL.ppt
Echinococcus granulosus is a tapeworm that can cause hydatid disease in humans and other intermediate hosts. It has a worldwide distribution, with high infection rates in parts of Africa, the Middle East, South America, and Australia. The adult tapeworm lives in the small intestine of canines and other definitive hosts. Eggs are shed in feces and ingested by intermediate hosts, where they develop into hydatid cysts typically in the liver or lungs. Transmission occurs when the intermediate host is eaten by a canine. Prevention focuses on deworming dogs and properly disposing of infected livestock remains.
Hydatid disease of bones e Imaging spectrum
Hydatid cyst, caused by echinococcus granulosa, can produce tissue cyst everywhere in body. Skeletal cystic lesion is rare specially in long bones like femur and because of its unusual presentation, its diagnosis may easily be missed, unless be kept in mind. Hydatid disease is a parasitic infestation of the humans that can practically affect any part of the body. It commonly affects liver, lung and muscles. Bone hydatid is less common occurring in only 0.5–2% of cases and humans act as an intermediate host. In the patient evaluated by us, the plain x-ray showed multiple osteolytic lesions along the lower one third of the femur and the upper end of tibia.
Trichinellosis
The document discusses Trichinella spiralis, a roundworm parasite that causes trichinellosis in humans. It infects humans who consume undercooked meat, especially pork, containing larvae encysted in muscle tissue. The life cycle involves larvae infecting the intestines and developing into adult worms, which reproduce and release larvae that migrate through the bloodstream to encyst in striated muscle. Symptoms vary from mild to severe depending on infection level, and include gastrointestinal, muscular, and systemic inflammatory reactions. Diagnosis involves exposure history, clinical presentation, and laboratory tests like blood counts, muscle biopsy, and serology to detect antibodies.
1302208 - Lit. Rev
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Liver and biliary tree parasites (69)
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This document provides information on parasites that infect the central nervous system (CNS). It discusses several parasites including Echinococcus granulosus, which causes hydatidosis and can form cysts in organs like the liver and lungs. Taenia solium can cause cysticercosis, where the larvae form cysts throughout the body, including in nervous tissue. Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a nematode that can infect the CNS and cause eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in humans. Toxoplasma gondii can cause toxoplasmosis and form tissue cysts in the brain. Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and T. b. gambiense
Zoonotic infection
Zoonotic infections are diseases that can spread from animals to humans. Over 60% of infectious diseases in humans are zoonotic. Transmission can occur through direct contact with infected animals, indirect contact, vectors like ticks and mosquitoes, or contaminated food. Common zoonotic diseases include anthrax, bovine tuberculosis, salmonellosis, E. coli, rabies, avian influenza, and prion diseases. Bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi, and prions can all cause zoonotic diseases. Proper hygiene and food handling can help prevent transmission of zoonotic infections.
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Causes Of Strongyloidiasis
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Taenia solium
Parasitology. Created by Tousif Khan. Presented by Suravi Saha Roy, Pranab Karmakar, Rahul Naskar, Subham Karmakar.
Tick borne parasitic infections
Tick-borne parasitic infections are caused by protozoan parasites transmitted through tick bites. The most common infections are babesiosis caused by Babesia parasites and theileriosis caused by Theileria species. These infections affect both animals and humans, causing symptoms ranging from fever and fatigue to enlarged lymph nodes. Diagnosis involves identifying the parasites in blood smears or tissue samples. Treatment consists of anti-parasitic drugs. Prevention strategies focus on controlling tick populations and avoiding tick bites through environmental and personal protective measures.
Bacterial Zoonotic diseases of pets
Zoonoses are diseases that can be transmitted between animals and humans. Over 60% of known infectious pathogens are zoonotic. Emerging zoonoses pose serious health risks and their incidence is increasing. Zoonoses have diverse causative agents including viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and parasites. Transmission can occur through direct or indirect contact with infected animals or carriers. High-risk groups include those with weak immune systems. Common zoonoses include rabies, anthrax, cat scratch disease, and infections from animal bites. Proper hygiene and protective measures are important for prevention and control of zoonotic diseases.
ISEV2014 - Introduction to Pathogen Derived EV's (H. Del Portillo)
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For more information go to www.isev.org
Echinococcosis
Echinococcosis is a parasitic disease of tapeworms of the Echinococcus type. The two main types of the disease are cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis. Less common forms include polycystic echinococcosis and unicystic echinococcosis. The disease often starts without symptoms and this may last for years.
Similar to Aquil major (20)
zoonotic cestode infections:emphasis on Neurocysticercosis and Echinococcosis
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The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
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The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
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Pests of Storage_Identification_Dr.UPR.pdf
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Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
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https://ashpc.eu/
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Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart Agriculture
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Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
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Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样
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留信网认证的作用:
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Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Presentation given at the official farewell of Prof Ken Gillet at Wageningen on 13 June 2024
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Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
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Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
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waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
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The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
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Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
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Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
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ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
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Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
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Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
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Aquil major
- 1. Welcome To Major Credit Seminar Welcome To Major Credit Seminar Zoonotic cestode infections: Emphasis on Neurocysticercosis and Hydatidosis Zoonotic cestode infections: Emphasis on Neurocysticercosis and Hydatidosis Aquil Mohmad M-5527 M.V.Sc Scholar
- 2. Diseases and infections that are naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and human. (WHO) Cestode zoonoses are emerging and spreading worldwide and are classified as neglected zoonotic diseases . Asia currently has the greatest burden of cystic echinococcosis (CE) and cysticercosis . ( Xiaoning et al 2013)
- 3. Sparganosis Hymenolepises Coenuriasis Diphyllobothriasis Cysticercosis Echinococcosis Bertieliasis Dipylidiasis Inermicapsifer infection
- 4. First described by Patrick Manson in 1882 from china Caused by plerocercoid larvae of Pseudophyllidea tape worms of the genus Spirometra
- 5. . Painful subconjunctival horseshoe shaped swelling around the limbus in the superior part of the bulbar conjunctiva with surrounding chemosis and congestion ( R. Nath 2015) larvae can lodge in the brain parenchyma or spinal cord producing seizures, headache, hemiparesis, paralysis even death .
- 7. . Theodor Bilharz (1851) first discovered H. nana in small intestine of an Egyptian male
- 11. In India it is an important emerging disease of the central nervous system second to tuberculosis ( B.B. Singh 2010 ) It is the single most common cause of epilepsy in the developing countries It is common in communities where pigs are allowed to roam freely and the basic sanitary facilities are lacking . ( K N Prasad et al 2008)
- 14. Areas suggested to be highly endemic Areas suggested to be moderately Areas with no or very few cases Areas with no available report
- 15. Scolex Adult Taenia solium Three most common sites of infection in human (primary host) 1. Brain (Neurocysticercosis) 2. Muscles (Cysticercosis) 3. Intestine (TaeniasisEggs Onchosphere hatches, penetrate intestinal wall and ciruculate to musculature of pig (intermediate host Ingestion of raw vegetables,fruits, salad contaimnated with eggs Consumption of infected pork Cysticerci 1 2 3
- 17. (Pratibhi, 2011)
- 25. (Monika Sharma et al , 2013 )
- 27. Sheep strain (G1) is the most cosmopolitan form and is that most commonly associated with human infections.
- 28. Usually one cyst present Cyst location ◦ 60 to 70% in liver ◦ 20 to 25% in lungs
- 31. WHO Type Cyst Morphology Unilocular anechoic lesion with double line containing hydatid sand. Multiseptated rosette like honeycomb cyst Cyst with detached membrane (waterlily sign) Cyst with daughter cysts in solid matrix Cyst with heterogenous hypoechoic hyperechoic contents. no daughter cysts Solid and calcified wall CE 1 CE 2 CE 3A CE 3B CE 4 CE 5
Editor's Notes
- Two strains - the G1 sheep strain and the G2 Tasmanian sheep strain, primarily use sheep as their intermediate host, but can also infect a variety of other species. Together with the G3 buffalo strain, the G1 and G2 strains are called Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto. The G4 strain, which occurs only in equid intermediate hosts, does not mature in media that support the growth of the sheep strains, and does not seem to be zoonotic, is called E. equinus. G5 cattle strain has been designated Echinococcus ortleppi. It is unusual in that it regularly uses cattle, which are rarely affected by other strains, as intermediate hosts. The G6 camel strain, G7 pig strain, a poorly characterized G9 strain, and two cervid strains, G8 and G10, might comprise another species called E. canadensis. The G9 strain has been reported only from human cases in Poland, and some authors consider it to be a variant of the G7 pig strain. A lion strain has been reported from Africa. Unlike most Echinococcus species, which have canids as their primary definitive hosts, this strain mainly uses felids. It has also been called E. felidis. Some strains are still poorly characterized, and additional strains probably exist.