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Animal Behavior AP Chapter 51
Behavior can be studied in terms of   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What is behavior? ,[object Object]
What is the scientific study of behavior called? ,[object Object]
What causes behavior? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Many animals breed in the spring or early summer… ,[object Object],[object Object]
Fixed action pattern of behavior ,[object Object],[object Object]
Ex - stickle back fish, male will try to attack another male if it comes into the environment; aggressive behavior
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Kelp gull chicks peck at red spot on mothers beak to stimulate regurgitating reflex.
Another FAP shared by some animals, including humans, is  yawning , which often triggers yawning in other individuals. Yawns last around 6 seconds and are difficult to stop once initiated.
Oriented movements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Hint:  taking a taxi to somewhere specific
Pill bugs… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fig. 51-4 Dry open area Sow bug Moist site under leaf
Fig. 51-5 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Behavioral Rhythms ,[object Object],[object Object]
Animal Signals in behavior ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pheromones ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fig. 51-9 Minnows before alarm (a) Minnows after alarm (b)
Learning establishes specific links between experience and behavior ,[object Object],[object Object]
Habituation ,[object Object],[object Object],Tuning-out
Imprinting ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
Fig. 51-10b Another example of imprinting Young whooping cranes can imprint on humans in “crane suits” who then lead crane migrations using ultralight aircraft
Spatial Learning ,[object Object],[object Object]
Fig. 51-11 Pinecone Nest EXPERIMENT RESULTS Nest No nest
Associative Learning ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cognition and Problem Solving ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fig. 51-13
Nature vs nurture? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Regulatory Genes and Behavior ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fig. 51-15 Scratch marks EXPERIMENT RESULTS BRITAIN Young from SW Germany Adults from Britain and offspring of British adults GERMANY N W E S N W E S
Selection for   individual survival and reproductive success can explain most behaviors ,[object Object],[object Object]
Foraging Behavior ,[object Object],[object Object]
Optimal Foraging Model ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mating Behavior and Mate Choice ,[object Object],[object Object]
Mating Systems and Parental Care ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fig. 51-21 Eggs
Sexual Selection and Mate Choice ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fig. 51-22 For example, female stalk-eyed flies choose males with relatively long eyestalks. Ornaments, such as long eyestalks, often correlate with health and vitality
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fig. 51-25
Inclusive fitness can account for the evolution of altruistic social behavior ,[object Object],[object Object]
Altruism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
Inclusive Fitness ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fig. 51-29 Male Female Age (months) Mean distance (m) moved from birthplace 300 200 100 0 1 2 3 4 12 13 14 15 25 26
[object Object],[object Object]
Social Learning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fig. 51-31 Vervet monkeys produce distinct alarm calls for different predators
Evolution and Human Culture ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Fig. 51-32
Fig. 51-UN1 Imprinting Learning and problem solving Cognition Spatial learning Social learning Associative learning In summary…
 

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Ap chap 51 animal behavior

  • 1. Animal Behavior AP Chapter 51
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8. Ex - stickle back fish, male will try to attack another male if it comes into the environment; aggressive behavior
  • 9.
  • 10. Kelp gull chicks peck at red spot on mothers beak to stimulate regurgitating reflex.
  • 11. Another FAP shared by some animals, including humans, is yawning , which often triggers yawning in other individuals. Yawns last around 6 seconds and are difficult to stop once initiated.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14. Fig. 51-4 Dry open area Sow bug Moist site under leaf
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19. Fig. 51-9 Minnows before alarm (a) Minnows after alarm (b)
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24. Fig. 51-10b Another example of imprinting Young whooping cranes can imprint on humans in “crane suits” who then lead crane migrations using ultralight aircraft
  • 25.
  • 26. Fig. 51-11 Pinecone Nest EXPERIMENT RESULTS Nest No nest
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35. Fig. 51-15 Scratch marks EXPERIMENT RESULTS BRITAIN Young from SW Germany Adults from Britain and offspring of British adults GERMANY N W E S N W E S
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45.
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 49.
  • 50.
  • 51. Fig. 51-22 For example, female stalk-eyed flies choose males with relatively long eyestalks. Ornaments, such as long eyestalks, often correlate with health and vitality
  • 52.
  • 54.
  • 55.
  • 56.
  • 57.
  • 58.
  • 59. Fig. 51-29 Male Female Age (months) Mean distance (m) moved from birthplace 300 200 100 0 1 2 3 4 12 13 14 15 25 26
  • 60.
  • 61.
  • 62. Fig. 51-31 Vervet monkeys produce distinct alarm calls for different predators
  • 63.
  • 64.  
  • 66. Fig. 51-UN1 Imprinting Learning and problem solving Cognition Spatial learning Social learning Associative learning In summary…
  • 67.  

Editor's Notes

  1. Figure 51.4 A kinesis
  2. Figure 51.5 Migration
  3. Figure 51.9 Minnows responding to the presence of an alarm substance
  4. Figure 51.10 Imprinting
  5. Figure 51.11 Does a digger wasp use landmarks to find her nest?
  6. Figure 51.13 A young chimpanzee learning to crack oil palm nuts by observing an experienced elder
  7. Figure 51.15 Are differences in migratory orientation within a species genetically determined?
  8. Figure 51.21 Paternal care by a male jawfish
  9. Figure 51.22 Male stalk-eyed flies
  10. Figure 51.25 Agonistic interaction
  11. Figure 51.29 Kin selection and altruism in Belding’s ground squirrels
  12. Figure 51.31 Vervet monkeys learning correct use of alarm calls
  13. Figure 51.32 Both genes and culture build human nature