This document discusses poultry behavior, including:
- Poultry behavior involves how poultry interact with their animate (other animals) and inanimate (objects, places) environments.
- Understanding poultry behavior can help with handling, reduce stress, and improve welfare, production and safety.
- Poultry behavior includes innate behaviors important for survival like feeding, drinking, reproduction, and learned behaviors that help them adapt.
- Proper management of poultry requires knowledge of their social, feeding, drinking, nesting and other behaviors.
Introduction about quail
Advantages of quail farming
Housing
Feeding
Egg and meat production
Nutrient content in egg and meat
Incubation and hatching
Chicks management
Quail diseases and its management
Centers for parent quails and interesting facts about quail etc.,
To get practical knowledge about poultry management.
To practice Broiler management.
To identify the problem in poultry and broiler management.
Poultry is the domestication and rearing of birds like
Chicken
Turkeys
Guinea fowls
Ducks
Quails
for the purpose of meat and eggs which are highly nutritive supplementing foods and high-quality protein.
Daily observation & cleaning
Housing
Feeding
Watering
Weighing
Egg collection
Debeaking
Culling
Feed supplement
Egg quality parameters
Introduction about quail
Advantages of quail farming
Housing
Feeding
Egg and meat production
Nutrient content in egg and meat
Incubation and hatching
Chicks management
Quail diseases and its management
Centers for parent quails and interesting facts about quail etc.,
To get practical knowledge about poultry management.
To practice Broiler management.
To identify the problem in poultry and broiler management.
Poultry is the domestication and rearing of birds like
Chicken
Turkeys
Guinea fowls
Ducks
Quails
for the purpose of meat and eggs which are highly nutritive supplementing foods and high-quality protein.
Daily observation & cleaning
Housing
Feeding
Watering
Weighing
Egg collection
Debeaking
Culling
Feed supplement
Egg quality parameters
Beef cattle are cattle raised for meat production (as distinguished from dairy cattle, used for milk production). The meat of adult cattle is known as beef. In beef production there are three main stages: cow-calf operations, backgrounding, and feedlot operations.
Goat owners need to understand the basic structure and functioning of goats if they are to maintain the health and increase the productivity of their herds. This brief outline of the goat’s anatomy and physiology is a starting point for those who want to begin keeping goats, and for established producers who would like to fine-tune their knowledge. Anatomy is the branch of biological science that deals with the form and structure of animals.
Physiology is the branch that deals with the function of the body
Beef cattle are cattle raised for meat production (as distinguished from dairy cattle, used for milk production). The meat of adult cattle is known as beef. In beef production there are three main stages: cow-calf operations, backgrounding, and feedlot operations.
Goat owners need to understand the basic structure and functioning of goats if they are to maintain the health and increase the productivity of their herds. This brief outline of the goat’s anatomy and physiology is a starting point for those who want to begin keeping goats, and for established producers who would like to fine-tune their knowledge. Anatomy is the branch of biological science that deals with the form and structure of animals.
Physiology is the branch that deals with the function of the body
Somalian sheep and goat behavior:
Feeding behavior.
Social behavior.
Sexual behavior.
Parental behavior.
Drinking and excretory behavior.
Exploratory behavior.
Conflict behavior.
Sleep behavior.
Aggression and fear behavior etc.
Young animals grow up
If the zygote can grow in and interact with a suitable environment, it contains all the information required to create a new organism. It stands to reason that some aspects of embryology must be considered when studying the development of behaviour. For instance, the way the nervous system's fundamental structure is built, but we must go much further than this.
Young animals grow up
It is entirely possible to argue that in some animals, behavioural development continues throughout life. Long after an animal is independent, its behaviour may still change. Learning could therefore be seen as a form of development, and young animals occasionally learn a lot as they grow. But in this section, we'll focus on other behavioural changes that frequently occur early in life, often quickly and dramatically.
It is important to understand that young animals must always be fully functional creatures capable of acting appropriately in their own worlds. They cannot simply be incomplete creatures or inadequate stages on the path to adulthood.
Some animals are protected during their early development by an eggshell or uterus or by watchful parents, but others are free-living and must care for themselves completely. Young animals may develop into miniature adults as they grow in size over time, but in order to keep up, their behavioural responses must also adapt.
Although young cuttlefish (Sepia) start out and continue to be carnivores, at first, they can only kill tiny crustacea that are disregarded as prey once the cuttlefish has grown. As they grow closer to adult size, they move on to food that is bigger and bigger, which requires a change in the behaviour patterns used to find and catch prey.
Even more drastic behavioural and morphological changes may occur in some cases because some young animals live entirely different lives than do adults. Tadpoles are herbivores that swim and breathe like fish before changing into land-dwelling carnivorous frogs or toads.
Eristalis tenax, an aquatic filter-feeding rat-tailed maggot that breathes through a long snorkel tube at its back, transforms into a flower-feeding hoverfly (see Fig. 2). Young and adult require almost entirely different behavioural repertoires for these life histories.
Rat-tailed maggot | Flower-feeding hoverfly
These alterations mean that development frequently has to produce patterns that only function for a portion of an animal's life before disappearing. The specific coordinated movements that cockroaches use to emerge from their individual eggshells as well as the protective case that bundles a group of eggs together were both described by Provine in 1976. These movements, which are only observed on this one occasion, consist of a series of reversed waves of contraction along the body from the tail to the head.
They appear at the exact right time, at the end of the egg stage's development, and are used to propel the young cockroach nymph into the following growth
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
2. Behavior: is the way in which animal interact with its
surrounding environment, both
Animate Environment= (humans, other animals, plants)
Inanimate Environment= (objects, places, sun, air)
All acts performed by animals. (feeding, drinking,
fighting, etc ).
Response of poultry to a certain stimulus.
INTRODUCTION
3. Poultry
behavior
Animals respond to the different stimuli
Animate
Environment=
(humans, other
animals, plants)
Inanimate
Environment=
(objects, places,
sun, air)
4. Behavior and Poultry production
An understanding of the behavior of poultry will
facilitate handling, reduce stress, and improve both
handler safety and poultry welfare.
Stockman, farm manager, transporter, and designer of
poultry houses have to be aware of poultry behavioral
information's
5. 1. To find and establish the optimum environmental condition.
2. To know what is going within the animal mind and understand the
body language.
3. To diagnose disease (normal Vs. abnormal).
4. To examine and treat animals (how to handle poultry)
5. To achieve animal reproduction (sexual and maternal behavior).
6. To achieve poultry welfare which will lead to high performance and
production.
7. To know the actual causes which induce the behavioral disorders or
vices.
Aim of poultry behavior
6. Classification of poultry behavior
1. Inherited behavior (innate, unlearned,
instinctive, native)
• Important for survival and
conservation of species.
2.Acquired behavior (learned)
• Adopt useful method for
survival within their
environment.
7. MAJOR TYPES OF ANIMAL
BEHAVIOR
General behavior
Feeding behavior
Drinking
Reproductive behavior
Social behavior
Individual recognition
Communicative behavior
Pecking and the peck
order
Perching
Preening
Fighting
Foraging
Nesting
Dust bathing
Responding to high
ambient temperatures
Resting behaviour
Lightning behaviour
Cannibalistic behaviour
8. Wary, shy animal with limited ability In the longer term good
ability to adapt to different circumstances
It has excellent vision and hearing
Other senses – poorly developed.
In the wild state it lives on the jungle floor in a thick forest uses
the ground for foraging, dust bathing and nesting.
At night it perches in the trees Inability to carry out innate
behavior activities – frustration.
General behavior
9. • what is the type and amount of food that
poultry need, feed conversion efficiency,
control of feeding.
Feeding
behavior
• Successful mating.
• Survival of young chicken.
Reproductive
behavior
• Knowledge of floor space and stocking
density are important for poultry
production
Social
behavior
10. chickens inherently know how to peck and
they can pick up objects i.e. eat. However,
they do not know how to discriminate
between what they should or should not eat
Poultry are able to adapt to different types
of feeders very easily
Meat strains voluntarily consumed a volume
of food that approached the capacity of the
gastrointestinal tract. Nir et ah (1978)
Egg strains tended to eat in accord with
metabolic needs. Nir et ah (1978)
Feeding behavior
11. Feeding patterns in laying hen
populations directionally
selected for high and low
efficiency of feed utilization.
Braastad and Katie (1989)
Low efficiency line spent
more time pecking their feed,
walking, and pacing and were
more fearful than efficiency
Social factors also influence
feeding behavior. Tolman,
1964; Hughes, 1971;
12. Chickens initially approach the water
because they are attracted to some
physical aspect of it.
Once they have learned where to find
their water, the drinkers should be
adjusted for depth and height to ensure
that spillage is kept to a minimum.
The recommended depth is up to 1 cm
and the height of the lip of the trough
level with the bottom of the birds’
wattles.
Important features of drinkers is
color contrast e.g. the yellow and red of
bottles.
Water consumption increases with egg
production and with temperature.
Drinking behavior
13. ASM in Males: 16 weeks vary with management, breed strain,
nutrition and lighting programs.
Females will usually crouch more frequently for younger males that,
in turn mate more often.
Higher socially ranked males mate more frequently initially, but this
advantage is short lived.
Reproduction behavior
14. Most mating occurs after mid-
afternoon.
Increasing day length will stimulate
semen production although sufficient
is produced on normal day length.
Males will mate many times during
the day but many of the latter
mattings will be dry.
15. Fowls are a gregarious species with
an elaborate social behavior
They maintain personal space by
communication via postural
changes.
Important signals are associated
with the position of the head and the
relative angles of the head and the
body to other birds.
Social behavior
16. They maintain contact with flock
mates by sight up to intermediate
distances and by vocal
communication at longer distances
or if out of sight.
The wild and/or feral male
establishes a territory with his
harem.
Subordinate - adopt a subordinate
17. There are a number of factors that
influence social behavior
Individual
recognition Communication
Pecking
and the
peck
order
18. Fowls recognize each other by
appearance based on the shape of the
comb, wattles and head generally.
Only very abrupt, major changes
result in a failure to recognize flock
mates that have been altered.
However, they forget each other
fairly quickly.
Members of flocks that are broken
up forget each other within 3 to 4
weeks.
Individual recognition
19. Commonly used are food calls, predator alarm calls, pre- and
post- laying calls and rooster crowing.
Chicken distress calls draw immediate attention from their broody
hen.
The clucking calls of the broody hen to her brood will result in
all of the chickens gathering close to her. They will respond to
these calls even played as a recording.
Fowls communicate also with others by displays and changes in
posture such as head up or head down, tail up or tail down, or
feathers spread or not spread.
Displays play an important part in mating behavior.
Communication
21. There is some evidence of pre hatching
interactions between hens and chicks.
Embryos and hens begin to vocalize the
day before hatching and do so more and
more often as hatching approaches.
If an embryo begins to give a distress call,
the hen vocalizes or moves on the nest.
Chicks that had not been exposed to the
sound or sight of a hen ran to a box
containing a hen.
Vision does, however, appear to play an
important role in helping chicks recognize
their mother hen.
HEN-CHICK RELATIONSHIP
22. Recently hatched chicks do not typically show
any competitive behavior until after three days
of age.
By 16 days of age, fighting to determine the
pecking order begins.
Research has shown that with groups composed
entirely of female chicks, the pecking order is
established by the 10th week.
In small groups, the order is typically
established earlier, around eight weeks.
With groups of males, the social order may
remain unresolved for many weeks.
Some early research has shown that certain
chicks within a brood develop leadership roles.
CHICK-TO-CHICK RELATIONSHIP
24. Pecking as a skill is recognized as being species specific for fowls.
They peck to escape from the shell, to feed, to drink, to obtain and
Keep personal space etc.
Main purpose of pecking is for eating which is a precisely tuned
movement of the head and neck.
Beak trimming changes the relationship between the top and
bottom beak and, in so doing changes their ability to peck.
They can no longer pick food particles from hard, flat surfaces and,
consequently, food and water troughs must carry an adequate
depth of food and water to ensure that the birds are able to obtain
a sufficient quantity of both.
25. Genetic – Some strains are more docile this characteristic
Responds to selection pressure.
Experience – Chickens know instinctively how to eat, but they do
not know what to eat or where to find it.
Age – Certain behavior is not expressed until the chickens reach
appropriate ages. Examples are development of the peck order
and reproduction behavior.
Environment – High light intensity tends to increase activity in
very young chickens – encouraging them to seek food and water.
Older birds -cannibalism
Factors governing behavior responses
26. Individuals will copy others – imp. Part of the learning process.
When a bird sees another pecking at something, it will copy, thus
learning what to eat, and where to find food (and water).
Fowls are highly adaptable and become conditioned to many
and management situations.
They are good at visually discriminating tasks and tend not to
generalize, i.e. they stay at the task at hand without becoming
bored or becoming side-tracked.
This limited flexibility means that they adapt to intensive forms of
housing very easily and quickly.
Learning ability
27. Inherent protective mechanism
against ground predators.
Commercial stock do not necessarily
seek to use perches
Layer and breeder replacements can
be trained to better use nests thus
reducing the number of floor eggs
Inclusion of roosts or perches –
reduce the number of floor eggs
To provide a place of escape from
harassment from pen-mates during
periods of light.
Roosting and perching
28. Preening is a bird's way of grooming
its feathers to keep them in the best
condition.
Inherent behavior - to maintain
feather condition.
While preening, birds remove dust,
dirt, and parasites from their feathers
and align each feather in the
optimum position
The uropygial gland, or preen gland,
is an essential part of preening
Preening behavior
29. Males and females have an elaborate
courtship sequence prior to mating.
It consists dancing with a series of short,
quick steps around the female and
vocalizing throughout the entire
movement.
In a free-living situation females will
commence mating behavior as young as
18 weeks.
High status birds crouch less frequently
than do lower status birds.
Broodiness describes the changed state in
the hen when egg laying ceases and the
incubation of the eggs and subsequent
mothering of the chicks begins.
Courtship and broodiness
30. Hatching synchronization and
vocalization
Just prior to hatching the chickens commence
vocalization – stimulus for the synchronization of
the hatching
Synchronization enhanced if the eggs are in contact
with each other.
Clicking sounds is an essential factor for hatching
synchronization
31. 1. Seeking a place to lay a quite protracted
activity as she becomes restless, and paces
about giving pre-laying calls and showing
characteristic body postures. In litter houses
she will often examine the walls and corners.
Domestic hens prefer to lay in nests
containing loose material that they can
settle into, molding the material with their
bodies and feet, and that they can
manipulate with their beaks.
It is important for pullets to have access to
nesting boxes before they start to lay.
Birds are mimics, and the first layers
become the teachers for the remaining
pullets in a flock.
Nesting behavior
32. Because of the restrictions - suffer
frustration display of non-adaptive
behavior.
Train the birds during the growing
phase to use platforms off the
ground.
All nests should be at floor level
at the start of laying and raised
progressively once production has
started and the birds are using the
nests.
All attractive floor-nesting sites
should be eliminated
Nesting behavior in cages
33. Chicks start fighting when they are only a
few weeks old.
They are already starting to establish their
rank in the flock.
This fighting often continues until they
reach maturity and the pecking order is
well established. Sometimes fights occur
among adult birds.
This can occur when a member of the
flock becomes tired of its position in the
social hierarchy and decides to challenge a
higher-ranking bird.
fights between males tend to be more
violent and are more likely to result in
injury or death.
Fighting
34. In the wild, jungle fowl spend 61% of their time foraging.
Foraging behaviors include pecking and scratching at potential
food sources, as well as looking for and sampling possible food
sources.
Providing chickens with a complete feed eliminates the need for
foraging in order to obtain nutrients, but the hens will continue
performing this behavior.
Although finding food is not the ultimate goal of the foraging
behavior in domesticated fowl, researchers have not yet been able
to determine the motivation for this behavior.
Foraging
35. Dust bathing is the act of rolling or
moving around in the dirt to cleanse
the skin and feathers of parasites,
dead skin, and other skin irritants.
It also helps prevent the buildup of
the oil from preening.
When chickens do not have access to
dust baths, they will nonetheless go
through the motions of dust bathing.
In behavioral studies, hens have
shown a willingness to work to gain
access to material for dust bathing.
Dust bathing
36. Chickens can tolerate cold weather better than hot.
Chickens cannot sweat—they cool themselves by dunking their
beaks in cold water or flapping their wings to air out their
feathers.
They may also pant when they are desperate to cool down.
Responding to high ambient temperatures
( Penting)
37. Broilers rest in lying, sitting, or
standing position.
During the light period of the
day, time spend for resting is
divided into many short
periods of sitting and lying.
Despite of light duration the
time spent for resting and lying
has increased up to 80-90% of
the whole day in an intensive
indoor environment.
Resting time is relative with
the age of broiler chickens.
with increased age broilers
spend more time lying.
RESTING BEHAVIOR
38. Understanding lighting behavior of broiler is very important
because it serves as one factor on how to properly manage broiler
in lighting management.
Poor management in light can also cause animals to become stress
and can cause decrease on productivity of chicks.
LIGHTING BEHAVIOR
39. Occurrence of feather pecking and usually
occurs in cannibalistic overcrowding
behavior , overheating, lack of feed
nutrients, excessive light, injured or dead
birds left in the flock
Cannibalism is a problem that is associated
with large poultry flocks where the birds
kept in close confinement peck at
associated birds.
This can result in significant mortality
within the flock
It will also cause a decrease in egg
production as the hen pecked birds become
stressed.
CANNIBALISTIC BEHAVIOR
40. Environmental enrichment strategies are used to improve the
physical and mental wellbeing of poultry,
Aimed at increasing opportunities for birds to engage in natural
behaviors, and decreasing potentially harmful, abnormal
behaviors, such as severe feather pecking.
Offering the chickens environmental enrichment in form of string
bunches or sand boxes has been shown to reduce the incidence of
feather pecking
Give the chickens some lucerne hay which offers the chickens
plenty of opportunity to pick and explore.
Environmental enrichment
41. Fear in poultry
This fear response is a powerful emotional state
that may influence the welfare and productivity of
the birds
The initial fear experienced by these birds may be
due to a lack of familiarity with humans, but this
may develop into a specific fear of humans over
time when exposed to unpredictable, sudden or
aversive human contact.
42. Problem for owner- Egg eating
Aggressiveness
Feather pecking and Cannibalism
Hysteria
Vacuum nesting
Vacuum dust bathing
Behavioral
problems
43. Foraging 25
Walking 13
Resting 10
Standing 7
Feeding 18
Wing
stretching 1
Dust bathing 2
Aggressive 3
Drinking 3
Running 5
Preening 7
OTHER 11
Behavior of laying hens in a deep litter house: proportion of
time spent in different activities on the litter
Foraging
Walking
Resting
Standing
Feeding
Wing stretching
Dust bathing
Aggressive
Drinking
Running
Preening
OTHER
44. Applied Animal Behavior science
Volume 124, isssues3-4 pages 97-103, May 2010
Resting Behavior of Broilers in Three Different Rearing
systems.PDF
Fraser, A.F. and Broom, D.M. 1990. Farm Animal Behaviour and
welfare. Third edition. Bailliere, Tindall, London. Jordan, Third
edition. Bailliere, Tindall, London
http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/range556/appl-
behave/projects/chicken-cannibalism.html
Peter Lewis and Trevor Morri : Poultry Lighting.
https://www.academia.edu/22369263/ANIMAL_SCIENCE_101
REFERENCES
46. Al-Rawi, B., and J. V. Craig, 1975. Agonistic behavior of caged chickens related
to group size and area per bird. Appl. Arum. Ethol. 2:69-80.
Al-Rawi, B., J. V. Craig, and A. W. Adams, 1976. Agonistic behavior and egg
production of caged chickens: genetic strain and cage size effects. Poultry Sci.
55:796-807.
Appleby, M. C, 1985. Developmental aspects of nest site selection. Pages 137-
143 in: Proceedings 2nd European Symposium on Poultry Welfare, Celle,
Germany.
Appleby, M. C, and B. O. Hughes, 1989. Cages modified with perches and nest
sites for the improvement of bird welfare. World's Poult. Sci. J. 46:38-40.
Appleby, M. C, B. O. Hughes, and G. S. Hogarth, 1989. Behavior of laying
hens in a deep litter house. Br. Poult. Sci. 30:545-553.
Appleby, M. C, S. N. Maguire, and H. E. McRae, 1985. Movement by domestic
fowl in commercial flocks. Poultry Sci. 64:48-50.
Editor's Notes
The normal practice is to place paper on the floor of their accommodation and to sprinkle a small quantity of feed on that for the first 24 hours. The paper is usually removed after about 3 days.
chick-type feeders for the first 7 – 14 days.
Ppt,
https://poultry.extension.org
In a scenario in which there are two sources of heat, only one of which is turned on, chicks gather around the one turned on. If that heater is turned off and the other turned on, chicks move to the other heat source. In such a scenario, some chicks repeatedly respond sooner than others. A few of these leaders have been reported to leave the group under the warm heat lamp and go to a chick lagging in the cold so that the chick will follow the leader to the heat source
Poultry hub.
This gland is found near the base of the tail and produces an oily, waxy substance that helps waterproof feathers and keep them flexible. While preening, birds spread this oil to each feather so they are evenly coated and protected.
Broodiness, by hormonal mechanisms controlled genetically.
Aggression and feather pecking or plucking are the two most common behavioral problems in chickens. They may be related and possibly have similar underlying components, including stress, overcrowding, and competition over resources such as food. Both conditions can be managed by addressing the underlying problem and in some cases by removing the instigator. Providing enrichment and changing the social structure by removing or adding individuals may help as well. In rare cases, aggression can advance to cannibalism ( see Cannibalism in Poultry). Broilers and free-ranging chickens are more likely to show these problems because egg-laying chickens in mass production are usually confined to small groups.
