3. Toxic or other foreign substances which enters in
our body and induces an immune response
(production of antibodies).
4. Antibody is also known as an
Immunoglobulin (Ig).
It is in Y–shaped protein
formed by plasma cells and
protect our body from Antigens.
Types of antibodies are :
IgM, IgA, IgG, IgD and IgE.
5.
6. LOCK AND KEY CONCEPT:
-- Attaching site of an
antibody is situated in
the Fab portion and is
made from the hyper
variable regions of heavy
and light chains.
NON-COVALENT BONDS:
-- Binds that are used for
joining the antigen site
to the antibody site are
all non-covalent bonds.
-- They include Hydrogen
Bonds, Electrostatic
Bonds, Van der Waals
forces and Hydrophobic
Bonds.
7.
8. When an antiserum raised
against a given antigen
may sometimes react with
another closely related
antigens.
This reaction is called
Cross Reaction and the
antigen which produce the
cross reaction is called
Cross Reactive Antigen.
The Cross Reaction is due
to the presence of one or
more identical antigenic
determinants on the
related antigen.
9. The types of antigen-antibody reactions are :
I. Precipitation Reaction
II. Agglutination Reaction
III. Complement Fixation
IV. ELISA – Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay
V. Immunofluorescence
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15. Determination of blood groups for transfusion
Serological ascertainment of exposure to
infectious agents.
Development of immunoassays for he
quantification of various substances.
To detect the presence and absence of protein in
serum.
Determining the characteristics of certain
Immuno-deficiency disease.
