This document discusses diabetes and anti-diabetic drugs. It defines diabetes as a chronic health condition that affects how the body turns food into energy. The three main types of diabetes are type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. Type 1 is an autoimmune disease that destroys insulin-producing cells, type 2 involves insulin resistance, and gestational only occurs during pregnancy. Anti-diabetic drugs work by altering blood glucose levels. Examples mentioned are Pterocarpus marsupium and Gymnema sylvestre, which are used traditionally to treat diabetes.

1. ANTI
DIABETICS
ARCHANA B CHAVHAN
M.PHARM (QA)
KYDSCT’S COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, SAKEGAON

2. Main sugar Found in
Blood
Comes from the food
you eat
blood carries glucose to all of
your body's cells to use for
energy.

3. • But sometimes, these blood
sugar levels may vary due to
various factors such as medical
conditions like Diabetes
Mellitus.
The amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood is expressed in mg/dL.
The average sugar level in
a healthy body is between
90 to 100 mg/dL.

4. Diabetes : Chronic (long-lasting) health condition that affects how your body
turns food into energy.
High blood sugar, also called hyperglycemia, affects people who have diabetes.

7. The three main types
of diabetes are:
•TYPE 1 DIABETES
•TYPE 2 DIABETES
•GESTATIONAL
DIABETES
TYPE I DIABETES
• Type 1 diabetes is
believed to be an
autoimmune condition.
This means your
immune system
mistakenly attacks and
destroys the beta cells in
your pancreas that
produce insulin. The
damage is permanent.
• There may be both
genetic and
environmental reasons.
Lifestyle factors are not
believed to play a role.
TYPE II DIABETES
• Type 2 diabetes starts
out as insulin resistance.
This means your body
cannot use insulin
efficiently, which causes
your pancreas to
produce more insulin
until it cannot keep up
with demand. Insulin
production then
decreases, which causes
high blood sugar.
• Contributing factors may
include:
• genetics
• a more sedentary
lifestyle
• higher weight or obesity
GESTATIONAL
DIABETES
• Gestational diabetes is
caused by insulin-
blocking hormones that
are produced during
pregnancy.
• This type of diabetes
only happens during
pregnancy. It is often
seen in people with
preexisting prediabetes
and a family history of
diabetes.

8. General symptoms of unmanaged
diabetes include:
1. excessive thirst and hunger
2. frequent urination
3. drowsiness or fatigue
4. dry, itchy skin
5. blurry vision
6. slow-healing wounds

10. Drugs used in diabetes treat
diabetes mellitus by altering
the glucose level in the
blood. EXAMPLES
Pterocarpus
Gymnema

11. Synonyms: Bijasal, Indian kino tree, Malbar kino,
Rakta-chandan
B.S.: It consists of dried juice of the
plant Pterocarpus marsupium Linn.
Family: Leguminosae
Morphological characters:
Color: ruby red
Odor: odorless
Taste: astringent
Size: 3-5-10 mm granules
Shape: angular grains

12. 1. about 70–80% of kinotannic acid, kino-red, k-pyrocatechin (catechol), resin
and gallic acid.
2. Kinotannic acid is glucosidal tannin, whereas kino-red is anhydride of
kinoin.
1. When the solution of drug is treated with ferrous sulphate, green colour is
produced.
2. With alkali (like potassium hydroxide) violet colour is produced.

13. 1. It is used as powerful astringent
2. Also used in the treatment of diarrhoea &
dysentery
3. In the treatment of passive haemorrhage,
toothache, and in diabetes.
4. It is used in dyeing, tanning, and printing.

14. Synonyms: gudmar, madhu-nashini
B.S.: It consists of leaves of plant known as Gymnema sylvestre
Family: Asclepiadaceae
Morphological characters:
Color: green
Odor: aromatic odor
Taste: tasteless
Size: 3-5X 1-2 cm
Shape: eliptic or ovate with acute apex

15. 1. Leaves contain
• Hentriacontane
• Pentriacontane
• Phytin
• Resin
• tartaric acid
• Mucilage
• Inositol
• Gymenmic acid
• Anthraquinone derivatives

16. Used as ;
anti-diabetic,
stomachic,
stimulant,
laxative &
diuretic