Asthma is a chronic disorders, imflamated to the bronchi.

1.  Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory system in which the
airways . Symptoms can include coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath and chest
tightness.
Mokshada .R.
Bhirud
M.Pharm

2. Asthma Classification:-
1. ON THE BASIS OF SOURCE THYE OF
STIMULUS :-
There are three type of
asthma. 1. Extrinsic Asthma (Atropic or allergic asthma )
2. Intrinsic Asthma (Non-atopic or Idiosyncratic
asthma )
3. Mixed asthma
 Extrinsic Asthma :- It is also called allergic asthma. it is most common in childhood and
caused by exposure to definite allergens. it accurs in children and young adults who have
atopic hyoersensitivity to foreign proteins.
 Intrinsic Asthma :- It is also called non-allergic asthma. It usually develops beyond age
of 40 and have exposure to allergens.
 Mixed Asthma :- Mixed asthma is the combination of both allergic and
non-allergic asthma

3. A. Mild intermitted asthama :-
This type of astama does not interfere with daily activities. Symptoms
are mild, lasting fewer than two days per week or two nights per month.
B. Mild persistent asthama :-
The symptoms accur more than twice a week and up to
four nights per month.
C. Moderate persistent asthama:-
The symptoms accur daily and at least one night every week.this may limit
some daily activities.
D. Severe persistent asthma:-
The symptoms accur several times every day and most nights. Daily
activites are extremely limited.
2. ON THE BASIS OF
SERVERITY :-

4. Causes of Asthma :-
 Allergens :-Pollens,dust,animals,cockroaches,etc.
 Air pollution :-perfumes,oxidents,smoking,etc.
 Certain drugs :-Aspirin,NSAIDs,
 Cold air.
 Upper respiratory tract infection.
 Emotional stress.
Environmental causes.

5.  PATHOPHYSIOLOG
Y :-

6.  Clinical Magnification (Symptoms):-
• Shortness of breath.
• Chest tightness or pain.
• Wheezing when exhaling, which is a common sign of asthma in
children.
• Trouble sleeping caused by shortness of breath, coughing or
wheezing.
• Cyanosis.
• Rhonchi i.e larg airway sounda heard on auscultation.
• Tachycardia.

7.  Pharmacological Manegment:-
 Bronchodilators :- Bronchodilators are a type of medicines that relieve asthama
symptoms by relaxing the muscle bands that tighten around the airways. this action
rapidly opens the airway, letting more air come in and out of the lungs. As a result
breathing improve.
E.g. Salbutamol,Terbutanine
 Corticosteroids :- Corticosteroids reduce the mucus secretion by inhibiting the
release of secretagogue from macrophages.
E.g. Hydrocortisone, Prednisolone.
 Mast cell stabilizers :- Mast cell are found all across the body, particularly in the lungs, airways.
They can release substance that cause inflammation,which causes astama synptoms.
E.g. Sodium cromoglycate.
 Leukotriene Antogonists :- Leukotrines are the chemical which play a key role in allergies,
allergic rhinitis , and asthma. It cause tighting of airway muscles and the production of excess
mucus and fluid, makind breathing difficult.
E.g. Montekukast. Zafirlukast.

8. Non- pharmacological Management :-
• Avoid Smoking.
• Avoid exposure to extreme cold condition.
• Obesity.
• Avoidances of allergens (e.g. Dust,mist,pollens etc).
• Physical activity.
• Regular Physical Exercise.
• Breathing Exercises.
• Optimization of Body Weight.
• In emergency oxygen therapy should be given.
Patient should be hospitalized with acute servere asthama.