Anticoagulants are chemicals that prevent blood from clotting for a longer period of time. Common anticoagulants used in medical laboratories include EDTA, heparin, sodium fluoride, sodium citrate, and double oxalate. Each works through different mechanisms such as binding calcium or inhibiting enzymes involved in clotting. The document then provides details on the properties and uses of each anticoagulant as well as any disadvantages.

1. ANTICOAGULANT
👉 🏻 A N T I C O A G U L A N T M E A N
A N T I : A G A I N S T
C O A G U L A T I O N : C L O T
👉 🏻 A N A N T I C O A G U L A T I O N I S A
C H E M I C A L T H A T C A N P R E V E N T
B L O O D F R O M C L O T T I N G F O R A
L O N G E R T I M E

2. 👉🏻USE OF
ANTICOAGULA
NT
• Anticoagulant is very important for
medical lab and para-medical center
• Anticoagulant play vital role in
performing the test
• To save the cellular element of
biology specimens we need
anticoagulant
• Anticoagulant is also use as a
medicine
• To preserve blood celll in blood bank
we need anticoagulant

3. TYPES OF
ANTICOAGULANT USE IN
LAB
• EDTA(Ethylene diamine treta acidic
acides)
• HEPAEIN
• SODIUM FLORIDE
• SODIUM CITRATE
• DOUBLE OXILATE
• SST(Serum peparating tube)

4. EDTA(ETHYL
ENE DIAMINE
TRETA
ACIDIC
ACIDES)
Purple Top vacutainer
Mode of action:-EDTA prevent coagulant by binding
calcium wich is essetial for clotting mechanism
PROPORTION:-1.5Mg/Ml of blood
It is recommended anticoagulant of routine
hematological investigation
Di sodium and Di potassium slats of EDTA are
commonly use
The Di potassium slats is preferred because it is
more soluble copmred to Di sodium salts
Now Tri-potassium salts is more perferred

5. USE OF EDTA:-
• It for Hb%etimation ,haematocrit
,CBC(complete blood count),blood
films,sickling test,Reticulocyte
count,HbA1c,Hb-electrophersis

6. DISADVATA
GES OF
EDTA:-
CHANGES OCCURRING
DUE TO PROLONGED
STORGES OF BLOOD IN
EDTA
RED CELL:-
CRENATION,SPEROCYTES
CHANGES
NEUTROPHILS LOSS OF
GRANULES
PLATELETS:-
DISINTEGRATIONTLC,PLAT
ELETS COUNT
PROGESSIVE DECREASE

7. HEPARIN:- • Green top vacutainer
• Mode of action:- heparin prevent
coagulants enhancing the activity of
antithrombin
• Antitrombin III inhibits trombin ani
IX,X,XII,XIII factors
• PROPORTION:-15-20IU/Ml of blood
• Sodium,lithium or ammonium salts of
heparin is used

8. USED OF
HEPARIN:-
• Osmotic fragility tets,LE cell test
preparation,Red cell enzyme studies
like G6PDLithium level-sodium
heparin
• Ammonium level-sodium or lithium
heparin

9. DISADVATAG
ES OF
HEPARIN • Expensive
• It should not be used for
TLC(clumping of TLC)and for
making blood films (since it imparts a
blue background)
• It is not suitable for agglutination

10. SODIUM
FLORIDE
• Gry top vacutainer
• Mode of action :-segregation
complex of Ca(2+) + sodium floride
inhibit the glycotytic enzyme called
Enolase which is responsible for
breakdown of glucose in blood
• Potassium oxalate is a primary
anticoagulant as sodium floride has a
poor anticoagulant effect
• PROPORTION:-2Mg/Ml of blood

11. USED OF SODIUM
FLORIDE:-
• It is used for glucose estimation,GGT

12. SODIUM
CITRATE
• Blue top &black top vacutainer
• Mode of action:- sodium citrate
converts Ca++(ionized calcium in u
ionized calcium)
• This anticoagulant is used for
coagulation Studies and Estimation
of ESR by westergren method
• PROPORTION:- It used as
1:9(anticoagulant:blood) proportoin
for coagulation studies
(200UI:1.8Ml).
Proportion :-It is used 1:4
(anticoagulant:blood ) for ESR by
westergren method(400UI:1.6Ml)

13. DISADVATAG
ES OF
SODIUM
CITRATE
• It dose not preserve the cell
morphology
• It can not be used for CBC
• It inhibit enzymes activity such as
SGOT,SGPT, Alkaline phosphosate

14. DOUBLE OXALATE
• Mode of action:-prevent coagulation by
precipitate Ca++
• PROPORTION:-2Mg/Ml of blood
• This consist of potassium oxalate and
ammonium oxalate in 3:2 proportion this
combinition is used to balance the swelling
of red cells caused by ammonium oxalate
and shrinkage caused by potassium
oxalate
• 3part ammonium oxalate &2part potassium
oxalate

15. USE:-
ESR Haematocrit

16. DISADVATAGES
• Morphology in not well preseved
• It is not suitable for blood films

17. SST(SERUM
SEPERATIN
G TUBE)
Red & yellow top
vacutainer
👉🏻 2AGENTS
Sillica partiales:-This silica
partiales work to activate
clotting of blood
Serum seperator:-In SST Tube
contain inert polymer gel which
is seperate blood and serum

18. USED OF SST
• Chemistry,immunology,serology, for
urea,electrolytes,C-reactive proteins,
KFT,RFT,LFT,etc

19. CALCIUM
CHELATOR
• Bind with calium
• Oxalate
• 1.Ammonium
• 2.Potassium
• 3.Double
• EDTA
• Tri-Sodium Citrate,etc
• Do not bind calcium
• Heparin
• Warfarin, etc.

20. PRESENT BY
:- BHUSHAN BALVIR

21. THANK YOU