Problems of antibiotic therapy in the modern world. Features of chemotherapy of viral infections. Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and modern methods for their determination.
1. Astana Medical University Kazakhstan
(NJSC)
SPECIALTY : GENERAL MEDICINE
SUBJECT :MICROBOLOGY
SUBMMITTED TO : MRS AIGRIM
Prepared By :MANDEEP SINGH
COURSE : 2 year
Group : 266
2. Problems of antibiotic therapy in the
modern world. Features of
chemotherapy of viral infections.
Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance
and modern methods for their
determination.
3. Antibiotics
Substance (such as penicillin) thatdestroys or inhibits the
growth of otherpathogenic microorganisms and isused in
the treatment of external orinternal infections.
While some antibiotics are producedby microorganisms,
most are nowmanufactured synthetically
Classification of antibiotics : Antibiotics are classified
several ways.
On the basis of mechanism of action
On the basis of spectrum of activity
On the basis of mode of action
4. Problems of antibiotic therapy
Antibiotic therapy is based on susceptibility
testing of bacteria isolated from urine or blood or
from infected tissues
Antibiotic therapy alone is suggested unless
severe spinal cord compression is present or if after 5
days no response to therapy occurs.
The goal of antimicrobial therapy is, therefore,
to eradicate bacteria at the site of infection. Bacterial
eradication is not usually assessed as a primary
endpoint within the limits of currently recommended
clinical trial design
5.
6. Problems of antibiotic therapy
SAFETY AND EFFICANCY.
Singal verus multidrugs.
Supress resistance
Mobiblity, mortality stay
Health care associates.
Development and spread of resistance
Threatents medical advance.
7.
8. Features of chemotherapy of viral
infections
Other problems – toxicity
Rapid excretion
Rapid metabolism
Poor absobrtion.
Ideal drugs- water soluble
Chemically and metabolically stable
Allergic
teratogenic
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17. Methods for determining the sensitivity of
bacteria to antibiotics
The most famous are 3 methods
1. Method of paper disks on nutrient agar - Microbial
suspension is inoculated into a Petri dish on nutrient agar. Excess
liquid is removed with a pipette. After the suspension is absorbed
into the agar, 5-6 different paper disks with antibiotics are
applied to the seeded surface with tweezers, the disks differ in
color. The cups with discs are placed in a thermostat at 37 ° C for
18-20 hours.
2.The method of serial dilution in the BCH - Prepare a stock
solution of the antibiotic in an appropriate solvent. Subsequent 2-
fold dilutions in broth are prepared from the stock
solution. Usually take 12 tubes of 1 ml of BCH in a tube.
3.Groov method - Take a Petri dish with nutrient agar. A 1 cm
wide strip of agar is cut in the center in diameter.. After
incubation in a thermostat, the sensitivity is determined by the
length of the growth retardation zone, the larger it is, the more
sensitive the culture and vice versa.
