Antibiotic resistance develops through natural and acquired means. Naturally, bacteria can destroy drugs, change permeability or targets to become tolerant. Acquired resistance occurs through genetic changes like mutation, conjugation, transduction or transformation that allow resistance traits to spread. Rational antibiotic use and preventing misuse and overuse can slow resistance development. Individuals should only take antibiotics as prescribed, while policymakers regulate use and improve infection control, and health professionals prescribe appropriately and prevent infections.