Dr NAVEEN GOKUL R, BDS This document explores the innovative integration of Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology in the field of prosthodontics, particularly in the fabrication of dentures. It discusses the evolution of traditional denture-making techniques and the benefits offered by CAD/CAM systems in terms of precision, customization, efficiency, and patient satisfaction. Additionally, it highlights the impact of CAD/CAM dentures on clinical workflows, prosthetic design, material selection, and patient outcomes. Through a comprehensive review of current research and clinical applications, this document aims to provide insights into the transformative role of CAD/CAM technology in modern prosthodontics. Introduction: The field of prosthodontics has witnessed remarkable technological advancements in recent years, with CAD/CAM systems revolutionizing the way dentures are designed and manufactured. Traditional methods of denture fabrication often involved multiple manual steps, leading to inconsistencies in fit, aesthetics, and functionality. CAD/CAM technology has overcome these limitations by enabling digital workflows that streamline the entire process, from initial impression-taking to final prosthesis delivery. This document explores the evolution of CAD/CAM dentures, their advantages over conventional techniques, and their implications for both clinicians and patients. Evolution of CAD/CAM Dentures: Historically, the fabrication of dentures relied heavily on manual techniques, such as hand waxing, flasking, and processing. While these methods served their purpose, they were labor-intensive, time-consuming, and prone to errors. The introduction of CAD/CAM technology revolutionized the field by introducing digital workflows that optimize every stage of the denture-making process. Initially used for crown and bridge restorations, CAD/CAM systems were later adapted for removable prosthodontics, including complete and partial dentures. Today, CAD/CAM dentures represent the pinnacle of precision and customization in prosthodontic care. Benefits of CAD/CAM Dentures: CAD/CAM dentures offer numerous advantages over traditional fabrication techniques. One of the primary benefits is enhanced precision, as digital impressions and virtual design tools enable clinicians to achieve optimal fit and aesthetics. Moreover, CAD/CAM systems facilitate greater customization, allowing for individualized tooth morphology, occlusal schemes, and gingival contours. This level of personalization enhances patient comfort and satisfaction while minimizing the need for adjustments post-insertion. Additionally, CAD/CAM technology enables efficient chairside or laboratory-based production, reducing turnaround times and enhancing productivity for dental practices. Clinical Applications and Workflow Integration: The integration of CAD/CAM technology into clinical practice

1. CAD CAM
DENTURES
-Presented by
NAVEEN GOKUL R
CRI
DEPARTMENT OF PROSTHODONTICS
PRIYADARSHINI DENTAL COLLEGE

2. CONTENTS
• DEFINITION -GPT
• EVOLUTION OF CAD/CAM
• ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF CAD/CAM
• OVERVIEW OF CAD/CAM TECHNOLOGY
• STEPS IN FABRICATION OF CAD/CAM DENTURES
• CONVENTIONAL vs DIGITAL FABRICATION
• RESIN DISCS/PLUCKS
• CAD/CAM vs 3D PRINTING
• CAD SOFTWARES
• EXOCAD

3. CAD-CAM :COMPUTER-AIDED / DESIGN-
COMPUTER-AIDED MANUFACTURING
GPT- 9TH ED :
The Computer Numerical Control (CNC) subtractive
fabrication of a 3D object; in dentistry, used to produce
different types of prostheses, including crowns, veneers,
inlays, onlays, fixed dental prostheses, removable dental
prostheses, dental implant prostheses, and orthodontic
and other devices1.
1GLOSSARY OF PROSTHODONTIC TERMS (GPT) – 9TH ED

4. EVOLUTION OF CAD/CAM IN DENTISTRY2
2006
Lithium Disilicate
material was introudced
1971
2006
iTero system was
introduced
1985
2013
First CAD/CAM Complete
denture was made
1987
2016
Form labs introduced
Form 2 -3D printer
2000
Prof Francois Duret
published “SOPHA” system
CEREC system was
developed
SLA-1 world’s first 3D
printer was introduced
3Shape program was
founded
2Recent Advancements in CAD/CAM Same-Day Dentistry in Practice and Education : Review - Sompop Bencharit et al
https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202111.0490.v1

5. Prof. Francois Duret – “Father of Dental
CAD/CAM” at his lab [1979]3
3https://eliezerganon.wordpress.com/2017/07/22/brief-history-of-cadcam/
4http://www.francoisduret.com/en/home/
1973 thesis in French on Digital
dentistry and CAD/CAM4

6. SIRONA CAD/CAM system from 3M
Susic, I & Travar, M & Susic, M. (2017). The application of CAD / CAM technology in Dentistry. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 200. 012020.
10.1088/1757-899X/200/1/012020

7. CEREC 3D PRINTING SYSTEM
https://carlosacevedo.co/en/cerec/

8. PROGRA PRINT- IVOVLAR 3D PRINTER
https://highlights.ivoclar.com/lab/en/the-future-of-3d-printing-for-your-digital-laboratory-is-now

9. ADVANTAGES OF CAM/CAM6
REDUCED CLINICAL CHAIR SIDE TIME
POLYMERISATION SRINKAGE IS ELIMINATED
RAPID FABRICATION OF DENTURES
PERFECT FIT AND ESTHETICALLY PLEASING
RETENTION OF DENTURE IS SUPERIOR THAN CONVENTIONAL
DENTURES
6https://www.guident.net/articles/prosthodontics/revolutionizing-workflow-by-cad-cam-digital-dentures.html

10. DISADVANTAGES OF CAM/CAM7
 NEED SKILL TO OPERATE
HIGHLY SOPHISTICATED SYSTEM
NEED INITIAL INVESTMENT AND PROPER MAINTAINENCE
ERRORS IN OCCLUSION ASSESSMENT AND HUMAN INPUT
CAD SYSTEMS CANNOT ACCURATELY ASSESS BALANCED
OCCLSUION
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT - RESIN MICROPARTICLES
7Nadim Z.; Goodacre, Brian J.; Goodacre, Charles J.; Müller, Frauke; Wagner, Stephen (May 2021). "CAD/CAM Complete Denture Systems and Physical
Properties: A Review of the Literature". Journal of Prosthodontics
KANAZAWA, Manabu; INOKOSHI, Masanao; MINAKUCHI, Shunsuke; OHBAYASHI, Naoto (2011). "Trial of a CAD/CAM system for fabricating complete
dentures". Dental Materials Journal. 30 (1): 93–96.

11. Sneha S. Mantri and Abhilasha S. Bhasin.CAD/CAM IN DENTAL RESTORATIONS: AN OVERVIEW. Annals and Essences of Dentistry.2010.
Vol 2 :( 3) :123-128.
OVERVIEW OF
CAD/CAM
TECHNOLOGY

12. STEPS IN FABRICATION OF CAD/CAM DENTURES
APPOINTMENT 1
Impressions, jaw relation
records, occlusal plane
orientation, tooth molding
and shade selection, and
maxillary anterior tooth
positioning record
APPOINTMENT 2
Placement of dentures

13. BASIC STEPS IN FABRICATION
Digital Dentistry for Complete Dentures: A review of digital dentistry versus conventional approaches to complete dentures,Amit Punj, DMD,
MCR, FACP and Francois Fisselier, DDS

14. CONVENTIONAL VS DIGITAL APPROACH
Digital Dentistry for Complete Dentures: A review of digital dentistry versus conventional approaches to complete dentures,Amit Punj, DMD,
MCR, FACP and Francois Fisselier, DDS

15. RESIN DISCS/PLUCKS - PMMA
Murali Srinivasan, Nicole Kalberer, Porawit Kamnoedboon et al,. CAD-CAM complete denture resins: an evaluation of biocompatibility,
mechanical properties, and surface characteristics, Journal of Dentistry, Volume 114,2021,ISSN 0300-5712.

16. RESIN DISCS/PLUCKS - PMMA
Murali Srinivasan, Nicole Kalberer, Porawit Kamnoedboon et al,. CAD-CAM complete denture resins: an evaluation of biocompatibility,
mechanical properties, and surface characteristics, Journal of Dentistry, Volume 114,2021,ISSN 0300-5712.

17. FABRICATION STEPS

18. FABRICATION STEPS

19. Kattadiyil, Mathew & Goodacre, Charles & Baba, Nadim. (2013). CAD/CAM Complete Dentures: A Review of Two Commercial Fabrication
Systems. Journal of the California Dental Association. 41. 407-16. 10.1080/19424396.2013.12222317.

20. Kattadiyil, Mathew & Goodacre, Charles & Baba, Nadim. (2013). CAD/CAM Complete Dentures: A Review of Two Commercial Fabrication
Systems. Journal of the California Dental Association. 41. 407-16. 10.1080/19424396.2013.12222317.

21. Kattadiyil, Mathew & Goodacre, Charles & Baba, Nadim. (2013). CAD/CAM Complete Dentures: A Review of Two Commercial Fabrication
Systems. Journal of the California Dental Association. 41. 407-16. 10.1080/19424396.2013.12222317.

22. Complete Dentures Fabricated with CAD/CAM Technology and a Traditional Clinical Recording Method Nadica Janeva, Gordana Kovacevska1,
Edvard Janev

23. Complete Dentures Fabricated with CAD/CAM Technology and a Traditional Clinical Recording Method Nadica Janeva, Gordana Kovacevska1,
Edvard Janev

24. https://www.styleitaliano.org/digital-denture-evolution-cad-cam-3d-printed-dentures/

25. https://www.styleitaliano.org/digital-denture-evolution-cad-cam-3d-printed-dentures/

29. A review on clinical use of CAD/CAM and 3D printed dentures -Khaled Alhallak, Eleni Hagi-Pavli and Ali Nankali

30. CAD SOFTWARES

32. Han, Weili & Li, Yanfeng & Zhang et al,. (2017). Design and fabrication of complete dentures using CAD/CAM technology. Medicine. 96.
e5435. 10.1097/MD.0000000000005435.

33. Han, Weili & Li, Yanfeng & Zhang et al,. (2017). Design and fabrication of complete dentures using CAD/CAM technology. Medicine. 96.
e5435. 10.1097/MD.0000000000005435.