Antibiotic resistant bacteria
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Antibiotics have been very effective at treating bacterial infections but overuse has led to increased antibiotic resistance in bacteria. As early as the 1940s scientists warned about this risk, and bacteria have developed several mechanisms for becoming resistant including mutations, resistance genes from other bacteria, and failing to fully treat infections. The overprescription of antibiotics, both in medicine and agriculture, has accelerated this resistance problem to the point that many drugs are now ineffective, threatening our ability to treat common infections. Reducing unnecessary use, finishing antibiotic regimens, and developing new drugs more quickly are some approaches to address this growing public health crisis.
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Literature Survey Antibiotic Resistance
Anti-toxin obstruction happens when microscopic organisms change in light of the utilization of these medications. Microscopic organisms, not people or creatures, become anti-toxin safe. These microorganisms may contaminate people and creatures, and the diseases they cause are more diligently to treat than those brought about by non-safe microscopic organisms.
Antibiotic resistance
The overuse and misuse of antibiotics has led to a rapid increase in antibiotic resistance. There are several factors that contribute to this resistance, including spontaneous mutations that make bacteria resistant, evolutionary pressures that select for these mutations, and the ability of resistant bacteria to continue dividing. Modern travel and large urban populations help spread resistant bacteria globally. Hospitals are ideal environments for resistance to develop and spread due to the large amounts of antibiotics used and the vulnerable patient populations. Bacteria have multiple mechanisms for developing resistance, including inactivating antibiotics, pumping them out of cells, modifying antibiotic targets, and changing metabolic pathways. Increased efforts are needed to slow the development of resistance through more prudent antibiotic use and new drug development.
Antibiotic resistance
This document discusses antibiotic resistance. It begins by introducing antibiotics and their mechanisms of action in treating bacterial infections. It then defines antibiotic resistance as occurring when bacteria change in response to antibiotics, making the antibiotics ineffective. The document outlines two ways bacteria become resistant: genetic mutation or acquiring resistance from other bacteria. It provides examples of "superbugs" like MRSA, VRSA, and VRE that have developed resistance. Finally, it notes that minimizing unnecessary antibiotic use can help reduce the spread of resistance.
Antibiotic resistance
In this slide the topic " Antibiotic/ Antimicrobial Resistance" is discussed as a presentation.
This will help you in your presentation work.
Evolution of antibiotic resistance
The document discusses the growing problem of antibiotic resistance around the world. It provides statistics on antibiotic resistance from the US, Europe, and Middle East. It describes the "superbug" NDM-1 found in India that is resistant to nearly all antibiotics. The document also discusses ongoing research into the evolution of antibiotic resistance and databases that track resistance genes. It summarizes projects by the ND4BB to address antibiotic resistance through collaboration between academics and industry. These projects aim to create a network of clinical sites, study how drugs enter and remain in bacteria, and facilitate drug discovery.
Antibiotic resistance
How Antibiotic resistance happens, Mechanism of Antibiotic resistance,Newly invented Antibiotic resistance bacteria
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in response to antibiotic use, making infections harder to treat. Bacteria, not humans or animals, become resistant. This leads to higher medical costs, prolonged hospital stays, and increased deaths. Antibiotic resistance threatens global health and can affect anyone, of any age, in any country. It occurs naturally but also because of misuse of antibiotics in humans and farm animals. This is making many infections like pneumonia, tuberculosis, and gonorrhea more difficult to treat.
Princeton presentation
Antibiotic resistance is a growing public health threat as many bacterial infections are becoming increasingly difficult to treat. Alexander Fleming warned about antibiotic misuse leading to resistance in 1945. Currently, antibiotic resistance contributes to 700,000 annual deaths and could cause 10 million deaths annually by 2050 at a cost of $100 trillion. Bacteria develop resistance through genetic mutations that enable them to survive antibiotic exposure, which then spread between bacteria. Genome sequencing can now be used to monitor the spread of antibiotic resistance genes and improve treatment by rapidly identifying resistance profiles of bacterial pathogens.
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Literature Survey Antibiotic Resistance
Anti-toxin obstruction happens when microscopic organisms change in light of the utilization of these medications. Microscopic organisms, not people or creatures, become anti-toxin safe. These microorganisms may contaminate people and creatures, and the diseases they cause are more diligently to treat than those brought about by non-safe microscopic organisms.
Antibiotic resistance
The overuse and misuse of antibiotics has led to a rapid increase in antibiotic resistance. There are several factors that contribute to this resistance, including spontaneous mutations that make bacteria resistant, evolutionary pressures that select for these mutations, and the ability of resistant bacteria to continue dividing. Modern travel and large urban populations help spread resistant bacteria globally. Hospitals are ideal environments for resistance to develop and spread due to the large amounts of antibiotics used and the vulnerable patient populations. Bacteria have multiple mechanisms for developing resistance, including inactivating antibiotics, pumping them out of cells, modifying antibiotic targets, and changing metabolic pathways. Increased efforts are needed to slow the development of resistance through more prudent antibiotic use and new drug development.
Antibiotic resistance
This document discusses antibiotic resistance. It begins by introducing antibiotics and their mechanisms of action in treating bacterial infections. It then defines antibiotic resistance as occurring when bacteria change in response to antibiotics, making the antibiotics ineffective. The document outlines two ways bacteria become resistant: genetic mutation or acquiring resistance from other bacteria. It provides examples of "superbugs" like MRSA, VRSA, and VRE that have developed resistance. Finally, it notes that minimizing unnecessary antibiotic use can help reduce the spread of resistance.
Antibiotic resistance
In this slide the topic " Antibiotic/ Antimicrobial Resistance" is discussed as a presentation.
This will help you in your presentation work.
Evolution of antibiotic resistance
The document discusses the growing problem of antibiotic resistance around the world. It provides statistics on antibiotic resistance from the US, Europe, and Middle East. It describes the "superbug" NDM-1 found in India that is resistant to nearly all antibiotics. The document also discusses ongoing research into the evolution of antibiotic resistance and databases that track resistance genes. It summarizes projects by the ND4BB to address antibiotic resistance through collaboration between academics and industry. These projects aim to create a network of clinical sites, study how drugs enter and remain in bacteria, and facilitate drug discovery.
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Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in response to antibiotic use, making infections harder to treat. Bacteria, not humans or animals, become resistant. This leads to higher medical costs, prolonged hospital stays, and increased deaths. Antibiotic resistance threatens global health and can affect anyone, of any age, in any country. It occurs naturally but also because of misuse of antibiotics in humans and farm animals. This is making many infections like pneumonia, tuberculosis, and gonorrhea more difficult to treat.
Princeton presentation
Antibiotic resistance is a growing public health threat as many bacterial infections are becoming increasingly difficult to treat. Alexander Fleming warned about antibiotic misuse leading to resistance in 1945. Currently, antibiotic resistance contributes to 700,000 annual deaths and could cause 10 million deaths annually by 2050 at a cost of $100 trillion. Bacteria develop resistance through genetic mutations that enable them to survive antibiotic exposure, which then spread between bacteria. Genome sequencing can now be used to monitor the spread of antibiotic resistance genes and improve treatment by rapidly identifying resistance profiles of bacterial pathogens.
Antibiotic resistance poster
1. The document discusses key facts about antibiotics and antibiotic resistance, including that antibiotics only treat bacterial infections, not all infections require antibiotics, and it is important to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed.
2. It defines antibiotic resistance as microorganisms that are not inhibited by achievable systemic concentrations of an antimicrobial agent at normal dosages.
3. Antibiotic resistance can have consequences such as diseases that are usually treated by antibiotics becoming harder to treat, including tuberculosis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, hospital-acquired infections, and diarrheal infections.
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Antibiotic, Antibiotic resistance, Causes of antibiotic resistance, History of antibiotic, Bangladesh perspective of antibiotic resistance, Prevention & Control of antibiotic resistance
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Antibiotics have become a critical medical intervention but antibiotic resistance has increased markedly as micro-organisms develop resistance to antimicrobial agents. The WHO considers antibiotic resistance one of the top public health threats of the 21st century as bacteria can survive exposure to antibiotics that would normally kill them due to changes that allow resistance to develop.
antibiotic resistance whats new???
This document discusses antibiotic resistance and new approaches to address it. It notes that inappropriate antibiotic usage and lack of regulation have contributed to rising drug resistance. Newly identified resistant bacteria and better infection control strategies are discussed as newer approaches. These include using bacteriophages and quorum sensing inhibitors as alternatives to antibiotics. The document also highlights India's National Antibiotic Policy and the Chennai Declaration which call for restricting certain antibiotic sales and implementing antibiotic stewardship programs in hospitals.
Antibiotic resistance -aveen omer
1. Antibiotics are drugs that kill or slow the growth of bacteria. They work through various mechanisms like inhibiting cell wall synthesis or interfering with bacterial DNA/RNA.
2. Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria no longer respond to antibiotics. Bacteria develop resistance through mechanisms like producing drug-inactivating enzymes or modifying antibiotic target sites.
3. The spread of antibiotic resistance is a major global concern as it could lead us back to a pre-antibiotic era where many infections were untreatable. Factors driving resistance include overuse and misuse of antibiotics in humans and animals.
Antibiotic resistance
This document discusses antibiotic resistance, including the discovery of penicillin, sources and classifications of antibiotics, and how antibiotic resistance develops. It notes that antibiotic resistance was first observed in military hospitals where antibiotics were widely used. Bacteria can develop resistance through genetic mutations and plasmids, decreasing drug concentration through efflux pumps, or producing drug-inactivating enzymes. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics contributes to the spread of resistant infections, which can be difficult or impossible to treat.
Antibiotic resistance presentation
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Abuse of antibiotics
This document discusses the appropriate and inappropriate use of antibiotics. It defines antibiotics and describes their history, including the discovery of penicillin. It notes that while antibiotics have saved many lives, their overuse and misuse has led to increased antibiotic resistance in bacteria. The document provides guidance on appropriate antibiotic prescribing for various conditions like sore throats, coughs, bronchitis, pneumonia, and properly switching from IV to oral antibiotics. It emphasizes that antibiotics should only be used when truly needed for bacterial infections, as their misuse fuels growing resistance.
Antibiotic resistance
Antibiotic resistance is a growing public health problem caused by the overuse and misuse of antibiotics. The document discusses the various mechanisms by which bacteria develop resistance, including intrinsic, acquired, and gene transfer-related resistance. It emphasizes the need for prudent antibiotic use to slow resistance, such as only using antibiotics when necessary, completing full treatment courses, and developing new drug classes. All healthcare providers, including physicians, pharmacists and microbiologists, must work together using treatment guidelines to optimize antibiotic prescribing and containment of resistance.
Antibiotic resistance
This document discusses antimicrobial resistance, including its definition, causes, mechanisms, and impact. It notes that resistance arises naturally but is accelerated by misuse and overuse of antimicrobials in both humans and animals. Resistance occurs via several mechanisms including inactivating drugs, modifying drug targets in bacteria, exporting drugs from bacteria, reducing drug permeability, and mutating genes involved in drug mechanisms of action. It highlights several important antibiotic-resistant bacteria like MRSA, VRE, and multi-drug resistant TB. The global spread of resistance poses a major threat to modern medicine.
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Bacteria, not humans or animals, become antibiotic-resistant. These bacteria may infect humans and animals, and the infections they cause are harder to treat than those caused by non-resistant bacteria.
Antibiotic resistance leads to higher medical costs, prolonged hospital stays, and increased mortality.
The world urgently needs to change the way it prescribes and uses antibiotics. Even if new medicines are developed, without behaviour change, antibiotic resistance will remain a major threat. Behaviour changes must also include actions to reduce the spread of infections through vaccination, hand washing, practising safer sex, and good food hygiene.
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This document discusses antibiotic resistance and its management. It defines antibiotic resistance as when microorganisms become resistant to drugs that previously treated infections from them. It outlines various mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms and lists priority resistant bacteria. It also discusses superbugs and different strategies to manage antibiotic resistance like prudent antibiotic use, infection control, developing new drugs, and reducing agricultural overuse of antibiotics.
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1. Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria no longer respond to antibiotics designed to kill them, allowing them to continue growing. 2. Resistance can be intrinsic, through natural mechanisms like efflux pumps, or acquired through genetic mutations or transfer of genes. 3. Acquired resistance is a concern as it can lead to treatment failure, increased mortality, and spread in communities.
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Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in response to the use of these medicines. Bacteria, not humans or animals, become antibiotic-resistant. These bacteria may infect humans and animals, and the infections they cause are harder to treat than those caused by non-resistant bacteria.
Antibiotic resistance I Mechanism I Types I Contributing factors.
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a global threat of 21st century. Here is a brief discussion of Antimicrobial resistance or Drug resistance disease. If you want to study via video lecture on this visit on my YouTube channel : Microbiology WISDOM:
Here you can find further more such interesting topics.
Antibiotic resistance-MADHURI RUDRARAJU
The document discusses antibiotic resistance and its causes. It notes that antibiotic resistance was first discovered in 1929 by Alexander Fleming and antibiotics were widely used starting in the 1940s. It then discusses how bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics through various mechanisms like denying antibiotic access, modifying the antibiotic target, or pumping antibiotics out of the cell. The document outlines factors that contribute to resistance developing, like improper antibiotic usage, lack of compliance with treatment durations, and overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics. It provides examples of bacteria that have developed significant resistance issues, like E. coli becoming resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and MRSA developing vancomycin resistance. The document concludes that controlling antibiotic overuse and improving hygiene are important
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My try to do presentation about Antibiotic Resistant Infections hope you like it and if there is any Advices i will welcome them :)
Antibiotic resistance
This document discusses antibiotic resistance and strategies to address it. It provides background on the history of antibiotics and the development of resistance. Key points covered include the mechanisms by which bacteria develop resistance, such as mutations, plasmids, efflux pumps, and inactivating enzymes. The document emphasizes that improper antibiotic use increases resistance by placing selection pressure on bacteria. It also notes the global threat of resistant infections and the need for improved stewardship of antibiotic prescribing and use.
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1. The document discusses key facts about antibiotics and antibiotic resistance, including that antibiotics only treat bacterial infections, not all infections require antibiotics, and it is important to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed.
2. It defines antibiotic resistance as microorganisms that are not inhibited by achievable systemic concentrations of an antimicrobial agent at normal dosages.
3. Antibiotic resistance can have consequences such as diseases that are usually treated by antibiotics becoming harder to treat, including tuberculosis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, hospital-acquired infections, and diarrheal infections.
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Antibiotic, Antibiotic resistance, Causes of antibiotic resistance, History of antibiotic, Bangladesh perspective of antibiotic resistance, Prevention & Control of antibiotic resistance
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Antibiotics have become a critical medical intervention but antibiotic resistance has increased markedly as micro-organisms develop resistance to antimicrobial agents. The WHO considers antibiotic resistance one of the top public health threats of the 21st century as bacteria can survive exposure to antibiotics that would normally kill them due to changes that allow resistance to develop.
antibiotic resistance whats new???
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Antibiotic resistance -aveen omer
1. Antibiotics are drugs that kill or slow the growth of bacteria. They work through various mechanisms like inhibiting cell wall synthesis or interfering with bacterial DNA/RNA.
2. Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria no longer respond to antibiotics. Bacteria develop resistance through mechanisms like producing drug-inactivating enzymes or modifying antibiotic target sites.
3. The spread of antibiotic resistance is a major global concern as it could lead us back to a pre-antibiotic era where many infections were untreatable. Factors driving resistance include overuse and misuse of antibiotics in humans and animals.
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This document discusses antibiotic resistance, including the discovery of penicillin, sources and classifications of antibiotics, and how antibiotic resistance develops. It notes that antibiotic resistance was first observed in military hospitals where antibiotics were widely used. Bacteria can develop resistance through genetic mutations and plasmids, decreasing drug concentration through efflux pumps, or producing drug-inactivating enzymes. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics contributes to the spread of resistant infections, which can be difficult or impossible to treat.
Antibiotic resistance presentation
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This document discusses the appropriate and inappropriate use of antibiotics. It defines antibiotics and describes their history, including the discovery of penicillin. It notes that while antibiotics have saved many lives, their overuse and misuse has led to increased antibiotic resistance in bacteria. The document provides guidance on appropriate antibiotic prescribing for various conditions like sore throats, coughs, bronchitis, pneumonia, and properly switching from IV to oral antibiotics. It emphasizes that antibiotics should only be used when truly needed for bacterial infections, as their misuse fuels growing resistance.
Antibiotic resistance
Antibiotic resistance is a growing public health problem caused by the overuse and misuse of antibiotics. The document discusses the various mechanisms by which bacteria develop resistance, including intrinsic, acquired, and gene transfer-related resistance. It emphasizes the need for prudent antibiotic use to slow resistance, such as only using antibiotics when necessary, completing full treatment courses, and developing new drug classes. All healthcare providers, including physicians, pharmacists and microbiologists, must work together using treatment guidelines to optimize antibiotic prescribing and containment of resistance.
Antibiotic resistance
This document discusses antimicrobial resistance, including its definition, causes, mechanisms, and impact. It notes that resistance arises naturally but is accelerated by misuse and overuse of antimicrobials in both humans and animals. Resistance occurs via several mechanisms including inactivating drugs, modifying drug targets in bacteria, exporting drugs from bacteria, reducing drug permeability, and mutating genes involved in drug mechanisms of action. It highlights several important antibiotic-resistant bacteria like MRSA, VRE, and multi-drug resistant TB. The global spread of resistance poses a major threat to modern medicine.
Antibiotic resistance a global concern part ii
Bacteria, not humans or animals, become antibiotic-resistant. These bacteria may infect humans and animals, and the infections they cause are harder to treat than those caused by non-resistant bacteria.
Antibiotic resistance leads to higher medical costs, prolonged hospital stays, and increased mortality.
The world urgently needs to change the way it prescribes and uses antibiotics. Even if new medicines are developed, without behaviour change, antibiotic resistance will remain a major threat. Behaviour changes must also include actions to reduce the spread of infections through vaccination, hand washing, practising safer sex, and good food hygiene.
Management of antibiotic resistance upload
This document discusses antibiotic resistance and its management. It defines antibiotic resistance as when microorganisms become resistant to drugs that previously treated infections from them. It outlines various mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms and lists priority resistant bacteria. It also discusses superbugs and different strategies to manage antibiotic resistance like prudent antibiotic use, infection control, developing new drugs, and reducing agricultural overuse of antibiotics.
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Antibiotic resistance
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1. Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria no longer respond to antibiotics designed to kill them, allowing them to continue growing. 2. Resistance can be intrinsic, through natural mechanisms like efflux pumps, or acquired through genetic mutations or transfer of genes. 3. Acquired resistance is a concern as it can lead to treatment failure, increased mortality, and spread in communities.
Presentation on Antibiotic and its Resistance
This topic contain slides on antibiotics and its resistance and also said what is role of pharmacist in management of antiboitics.
Antibiotic resistance slideshare (BY- RICHA KRISHNA)( M.PHARMACY)
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Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in response to the use of these medicines. Bacteria, not humans or animals, become antibiotic-resistant. These bacteria may infect humans and animals, and the infections they cause are harder to treat than those caused by non-resistant bacteria.
Antibiotic resistance I Mechanism I Types I Contributing factors.
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Here you can find further more such interesting topics.
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The document discusses antibiotic resistance and its causes. It notes that antibiotic resistance was first discovered in 1929 by Alexander Fleming and antibiotics were widely used starting in the 1940s. It then discusses how bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics through various mechanisms like denying antibiotic access, modifying the antibiotic target, or pumping antibiotics out of the cell. The document outlines factors that contribute to resistance developing, like improper antibiotic usage, lack of compliance with treatment durations, and overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics. It provides examples of bacteria that have developed significant resistance issues, like E. coli becoming resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and MRSA developing vancomycin resistance. The document concludes that controlling antibiotic overuse and improving hygiene are important
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Dr. Sachin Verma is a young, diligent and dynamic physician. He did his graduation from IGMC Shimla and MD in Internal Medicine from GSVM Medical College Kanpur. Then he did his Fellowship in Intensive Care Medicine (FICM) from Apollo Hospital Delhi. He has done fellowship in infectious diseases by Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA). He has also done FCCS course and is certified Advance Cardiac Life support (ACLS) and Basic Life Support (BLS) provider by American Heart Association. He has also done a course in Cardiology by American College of Cardiology and a course in Diabetology by International Diabetes Centre. He specializes in the management of Infections, Multiorgan Dysfunctions and Critically ill patients and has many publications and presentations in various national conferences under his belt. He is currently working in NABH Approved Ivy super-specialty Hospital Mohali as Consultant Intensivists and Physician.
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Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a major challenge for the long-term use of antimicrobial agents. Bacteria can develop resistance through intrinsic or acquired mechanisms such as mutations or gaining new DNA. Resistance occurs through various methods like altering the antibiotic target, reducing drug accumulation in bacteria, or enzymatically inactivating the drug. Prudent antibiotic use and infection control practices can help limit the emergence and spread of drug-resistant bacteria.
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Antibiotic Resistance: Global Threat to Public Health.pptx
Antibiotics are medicines used to prevent and treat bacterial infections. Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in response to the use of these medicines.
Bacteria, not humans or animals, become antibiotic-resistant. These bacteria may infect humans and animals, and the infections they cause are harder to treat than those caused by non-resistant bacteria.
Antibiotic resistance leads to higher medical costs, prolonged hospital stays, and increased mortality.
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Antimicrobial resistance occurs when microbes evolve a mechanism that protects them from the effects of antimicrobials or antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance is a subset of antimicrobial resistance, as it applies to bacteria that become resistant to antibiotics. Resistant microbes are more difficult to treat, requiring higher doses, or alternative medications that may prove more toxic.
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Antibiotics have saved millions of lives but overuse and misuse has led to rising antibiotic resistance where bacteria evolve and become immune to existing drugs. Antibiotic resistance occurs through natural selection that favors resistant bacteria and spreads between bacteria through horizontal gene transfer. It is a growing problem worldwide as some infections are becoming impossible to treat. To slow resistance, we must use antibiotics judiciously and responsibly only when needed, take the full prescribed dose, and develop new drugs.
Antibiotics
Antibiotics are medications that destroy or slow down bacterial growth. Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928. While antibiotics have helped treat bacterial infections, their overuse and misuse has led to increasing antibiotic resistance in bacteria. This occurs as bacteria mutate and evolve in response to antibiotic use, becoming "superbugs" that are difficult or impossible to treat. Recent research focuses on developing new antibiotics and combination therapies to combat the growing threat of antibiotic resistance and ensure we continue to have effective treatments for bacterial infections.
Antibiotics Success and Failures what is our role by Dr.T.V.Rao MD
Antibiotics Success and Failures what is our role by Dr.T.V.Rao MDSociety for Microbiology and Infection care
The document discusses antibiotics, their development and success, as well as the rise of antibiotic resistance. It notes that Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928, but others were able to mass produce it starting in the 1940s. While antibiotics were initially very effective, overuse and misuse has led to increasing antibiotic resistance in bacteria. The document outlines factors that promote resistance, such as antibiotic use in agriculture and overprescription, and stresses the need for monitoring resistance through programs like WHONET to track resistance trends and guide appropriate antibiotic use.Presentation for Antibiotic Resistance
Alexander Fleming discovered antibiotics in 1928 when he noticed that a mold growing in one of his culture plates was preventing the growth of Staphylococcus bacteria. Antibiotics either kill bacteria or prevent their growth, but overuse and misuse of antibiotics has led to many bacteria developing resistance. This includes methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) which is now a major threat in hospitals. Antibiotic resistance occurs due to overuse of antibiotics for unnecessary infections, incomplete use of antibiotic regimens, and use of non-prescribed antibiotics. Proper antibiotic stewardship including only taking antibiotics as prescribed for the intended infection can help reduce the spread of resistance.
A report on Antibiotics
A brief description to antibiotic uses in chemistry.It includes almost every thing related to antibiotic chemistry
Anti microbial resistance
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when microorganisms become resistant to antimicrobial drugs that were previously able to treat infections. AMR arises through natural mutation and genetic transfer between microbes and is accelerated by misuse and overuse of antimicrobials. If not addressed, AMR could lead to increased mortality and healthcare costs as resistant organisms cause treatment failure. To combat AMR, proper antimicrobial use, hygiene, and surveillance are needed at the patient, clinical, agricultural, and policy levels. Education is also key to promoting appropriate antimicrobial usage.
ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
This document discusses antimicrobial resistance and provides definitions, history, and mechanisms. It defines antimicrobial resistance as the ability of microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, and parasites to stop antimicrobial drugs from working against them. The discovery of antimicrobials created new treatments but microbes developed resistance over time. Factors that contribute to resistance include overuse of antibiotics, lack of sanitation, and transmission of resistant genes between bacteria. Resistance occurs via natural and acquired mechanisms, the latter being a major clinical problem. Strategies to address resistance include prudent antibiotic use, developing new drugs, and alternative approaches like phage therapy.
Bacterial resistance against antibiotics and it’s prevention
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a growing problem caused by overuse and misuse of antibiotics. When bacteria are exposed to antibiotics, resistance can develop through mutations or by acquiring resistance genes from other bacteria. This makes treatments ineffective for infections that were previously treatable. To slow the development of resistance, it is important to only use antibiotics appropriately when needed, follow prescribed treatment plans fully, and prevent the spread of infections. Proper antibiotic stewardship among healthcare providers and the public can help ensure these drugs remain effective.
Antibiotics, Use and Misuse
Brief explanation on what are antibiotics, history of antibiotics, their use, misuse, overuse and its effects.
Presentation1.pptx
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria evolve and develop the ability to survive exposure to antibiotics that were designed to kill them. This document discusses the causes of antibiotic resistance including overuse and misuse of antibiotics as well as their use in agriculture. It describes "superbugs" which are strains resistant to multiple antibiotics and outlines some of the most dangerous ones. Complications of antibiotic resistance include treatment failure and increased spread of resistant infections. Prevention strategies target appropriate antibiotic use by individuals, health professionals, and the healthcare industry.
Antibiotic resistance and suceptibility.
No doubt that antibiotics are the life saver for us but taking them without prescription of doctor or not completing its course can turn them against us ,more precisely it makes the bacteria more powerful and hard to cure. They are not affected with antibiotic anymore this is known as Antibiotic Resistance
Antibiotics Use in Livestock: Implications for Human Health
Antibiotics in foods leads to antibiotic resistance, causing super-bugs which are difficult to treat.
Lab 9 antibiotic resistance and the susceptibility of bacteria lab fall 2014
This lab focuses on antibiotic resistance and the susceptibility of bacteria. Students will learn to distinguish between different types of antimicrobials like antiseptics and disinfectants. They will explore how overuse of antibiotics has led to increased resistance in bacteria and endangered the effectiveness of drugs through evolution. The lab aims to demonstrate aseptic technique and identify solutions that kill bacteria to understand the problems of antibiotic resistance and persistent infections like MRSA.
Rational use of Antibiotics
It's all about the Rational use of Antibiotics. It will help medical students and health personnel to work out.
A Level 10 Infectious diseases.pptx
Here are suggestions for how each item could decrease antibiotic resistance:
a) Limiting antibiotic use only to necessary cases reduces the number of opportunities for bacteria to develop resistance. Fewer antibiotics means less selection pressure.
b) Regularly changing the prescribed antibiotic makes it harder for bacteria to adapt resistance to a single drug. By rotating antibiotics, bacteria have to develop multiple resistance mechanisms.
c) Using multiple antibiotics simultaneously increases the selection pressure against bacteria developing resistance. Bacteria would need to simultaneously develop resistances to multiple drug mechanisms to survive, which is less likely than developing single resistances. Combination therapy reduces the chances of resistance.
Antibiotic abuse
This study reviewed antibiotic use in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Misurata Medical Center from January to February 2018. It found that 97.3% of the 37 babies treated received penicillin alone or with gentamicin, for durations mostly between 3-7 days. Most treatment was based on clinical suspicion of infection rather than confirmed diagnosis, as only 2 cases underwent full sepsis workup. The main reasons for admission and initiating antibiotics empirically were preterm birth, caesarean delivery, low birth weight, and prolonged rupture of membranes - highlighting overuse and misuse of antibiotics without microbiological justification in the NICU.
Antibiotic abuse
This study examined antibiotic use in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Misurata Medical Center in Libya. The researchers reviewed records of 37 newborns treated with antibiotics from January to February 2018. They found that 97.3% received penicillin alone or with gentamicin, usually for less than one week based on suspected risks for sepsis rather than confirmed diagnosis. Only 5.4% underwent full sepsis workup. Most common risks were preterm birth, cesarean delivery, and rupture of membranes over 18 hours prior. The study aims to evaluate appropriate antibiotic use and duration in the NICU to prevent overuse and development of resistance.
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Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
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Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
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Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
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Antibiotic resistant bacteria
- 1. What doesn’t kill them makes them stronger
- 5. • The invention of early antibiotics, namely penicillin, provided a huge advance in the treatment of infectious diseases. Antibiotics have turned many would-be fatal conditions into manageable ailments. With this success has come an overreliance on antibiotics as a fix for every cough and sniffle. This opens a Pandora's box of medical pitfall
- 6. • As early as 1946, scientists (including A. Fleming) were warning of the possible dangers of antibiotic-resistant bacteria • A few bacteria in populations that have never been exposed to artificial antibiotics probably carry alleles that give resistance to antibiotics • Resistance alleles can also arise by mutation • Resistant bacteria can use a number of mechanisms to overcome antibiotics
- 7. One of the biggest problems with the overuse of antibiotics is an acquired resistance to the drug by the infecting bugs. Antibiotics act on bacteria which have the ability to adapt to a variety of situations and learn ways around the killing mechanisms of various antibiotics. If one of several types of bacteria is exposed to the same or similar antibiotics, these bugs can learn to outlive the effects of the drugs. The World Health Organization has stated that drug resistance is one of the major problems we face today [Source: WHO]. Some bacteria, like MRSA (methicillin resistant staph aureus) are referred to by the drug they can resist.
- 8. • Antibiotic use represents a strong selection pressure • If a population of bacteria with a few resistant individuals is exposed to a lethal antibiotic, the susceptible bacteria will die, but the resistant bacteria will survive • In an environment with a lot of antibiotic use, resistance alleles spread rapidly • The problem is compounded by horizontal gene transfer and by cross-resistance
- 9. • Bacteria have the ability to acquire genes from other bacterium without being its offspring. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpag e&v=eRvfhljxA4s
- 11. • Many of the most widely used antimicrobial drugs are already ineffective • Pharmaceutical companies cannot create new drugs fast enough to treat drug resistant bacteria • Reduce inappropriate prescription of antibiotics • Reduce inappropriate prescription of antibiotics • Increase public awareness that many diseases cannot be cured with antibiotics • Reduce use of agricultural antibiotics • Increase the number of patients who finish their courses of antibiotics • Restrict the use of new antibiotics • Reduce use of agricultural antibiotics • Increase the number of patients who finish their courses of antibiotics • Restrict the use of new antibiotics • http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=UZatOI Wlf3Y