FLOW OF THE SEMINAR
1. Definition – antibiotic resistance, Multi-resistance, cross-resistance in antibiotics
2. Evolution of resistance
3. Impact of resistance
4. The scenario of resistance: Global, India
5. Factors causing resistance
6. Mechanisms of resistance: Intrinsic and Acquired
7. Acquired mechanism of resistance
8. Quorum sensing
9. Mechanism of resistance in commonly used antibiotics
10. Methods for determining the resistance
11. Strategies to contain resistance
12. Antibiotic stewardship
13. Role of Pharmacologist
14. Initiatives undertaken by India to control resistance
Mechanism Antibiotic Resistance
Intrinsic (Natural)
Acquired
Chromosomal
Extra chromosomal
Intrinsic Resistance
Lack target : No cell wall; innately resistant to penicillin
2. Drug inactivation: Cephalosporinase in Klebsiella
3. Innate efflux pumps:
It is an active transport mechanism. It requires ATP.
Eg. E. coli, P. aeruginosa
Altered target sites
PBP alteration
Ribosomal target alteration
Decreased affinity by target modification
Beta-lactamase
Beta-lactamases are enzymes produced by bacteria that provide resistance to β-lactam antibiotics such as penicillins, cephamycins, and carbapenems
Major resistant Pathogen
1. PRSP- Penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae2. MRSA/ORSA- Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (Super bug)3. VRE -Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci4. Carbapenem resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa5. Carbapenem resistant Carbapenem resistant 6. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria
Resistance to antibiotics is one of the main important facts that most nations are working on. Actually, in USA, it is considered as a health problem to solve. Why it happens? Here is a review to answer this.
FLOW OF THE SEMINAR
1. Definition – antibiotic resistance, Multi-resistance, cross-resistance in antibiotics
2. Evolution of resistance
3. Impact of resistance
4. The scenario of resistance: Global, India
5. Factors causing resistance
6. Mechanisms of resistance: Intrinsic and Acquired
7. Acquired mechanism of resistance
8. Quorum sensing
9. Mechanism of resistance in commonly used antibiotics
10. Methods for determining the resistance
11. Strategies to contain resistance
12. Antibiotic stewardship
13. Role of Pharmacologist
14. Initiatives undertaken by India to control resistance
Mechanism Antibiotic Resistance
Intrinsic (Natural)
Acquired
Chromosomal
Extra chromosomal
Intrinsic Resistance
Lack target : No cell wall; innately resistant to penicillin
2. Drug inactivation: Cephalosporinase in Klebsiella
3. Innate efflux pumps:
It is an active transport mechanism. It requires ATP.
Eg. E. coli, P. aeruginosa
Altered target sites
PBP alteration
Ribosomal target alteration
Decreased affinity by target modification
Beta-lactamase
Beta-lactamases are enzymes produced by bacteria that provide resistance to β-lactam antibiotics such as penicillins, cephamycins, and carbapenems
Major resistant Pathogen
1. PRSP- Penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae2. MRSA/ORSA- Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (Super bug)3. VRE -Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci4. Carbapenem resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa5. Carbapenem resistant Carbapenem resistant 6. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria
Resistance to antibiotics is one of the main important facts that most nations are working on. Actually, in USA, it is considered as a health problem to solve. Why it happens? Here is a review to answer this.
Antibiotic resistance I Mechanism I Types I Contributing factors.kausarneha
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a global threat of 21st century. Here is a brief discussion of Antimicrobial resistance or Drug resistance disease. If you want to study via video lecture on this visit on my YouTube channel : Microbiology WISDOM:
Here you can find further more such interesting topics.
Relative or complete lack of effect of antimicrobial agent against a previously susceptible microbe/pathogen.
It is an evolutionary principal that organism adopt genetically to change in their environment.
since the doubling time of bacteria can be as short as 20 mnt, there may be many generations in even a few hours, providing ample opportunity for evolutionary adaptation.
The phenomenon of resistance imposes serious constraints on the options available for the treatment of many bacterial infections.
The resistance to chemotherapeutic agents can also develop in protozoa, in multicellular parasites and in population of malignant cells.
Today there are different strains of S. aureus resistant to almost every form of antibiotic in use.
Introduction to bacterial resistance to antibiotics, types of resistance, brief explaining & examples
The lecture was presented at Al-Mahmoudiya General Hospital at Wed, 17th Nov. 2021
Represented & updated as part of the training course for fresh appointed pharmacist at 16/5/2023
Dr. Sachin Verma is a young, diligent and dynamic physician. He did his graduation from IGMC Shimla and MD in Internal Medicine from GSVM Medical College Kanpur. Then he did his Fellowship in Intensive Care Medicine (FICM) from Apollo Hospital Delhi. He has done fellowship in infectious diseases by Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA). He has also done FCCS course and is certified Advance Cardiac Life support (ACLS) and Basic Life Support (BLS) provider by American Heart Association. He has also done a course in Cardiology by American College of Cardiology and a course in Diabetology by International Diabetes Centre. He specializes in the management of Infections, Multiorgan Dysfunctions and Critically ill patients and has many publications and presentations in various national conferences under his belt. He is currently working in NABH Approved Ivy super-specialty Hospital Mohali as Consultant Intensivists and Physician.
Antibiotics Resistance is a new issue in Microbiology-Medicine aspects, taken from Lange Review of Medical Microbiology, this purpose is for education only
Antibiotic resistance,introduction, cause, mechanism and solution of Antibiot...Dr. Sharad Chand
A illustrative representation of the antibiotic resistance, its introduction, cause, mechanism, examples and possible solutions of the antibiotic resistance. with pictorial illustrations for better understanding.
Antibiotic resistance I Mechanism I Types I Contributing factors.kausarneha
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a global threat of 21st century. Here is a brief discussion of Antimicrobial resistance or Drug resistance disease. If you want to study via video lecture on this visit on my YouTube channel : Microbiology WISDOM:
Here you can find further more such interesting topics.
Relative or complete lack of effect of antimicrobial agent against a previously susceptible microbe/pathogen.
It is an evolutionary principal that organism adopt genetically to change in their environment.
since the doubling time of bacteria can be as short as 20 mnt, there may be many generations in even a few hours, providing ample opportunity for evolutionary adaptation.
The phenomenon of resistance imposes serious constraints on the options available for the treatment of many bacterial infections.
The resistance to chemotherapeutic agents can also develop in protozoa, in multicellular parasites and in population of malignant cells.
Today there are different strains of S. aureus resistant to almost every form of antibiotic in use.
Introduction to bacterial resistance to antibiotics, types of resistance, brief explaining & examples
The lecture was presented at Al-Mahmoudiya General Hospital at Wed, 17th Nov. 2021
Represented & updated as part of the training course for fresh appointed pharmacist at 16/5/2023
Dr. Sachin Verma is a young, diligent and dynamic physician. He did his graduation from IGMC Shimla and MD in Internal Medicine from GSVM Medical College Kanpur. Then he did his Fellowship in Intensive Care Medicine (FICM) from Apollo Hospital Delhi. He has done fellowship in infectious diseases by Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA). He has also done FCCS course and is certified Advance Cardiac Life support (ACLS) and Basic Life Support (BLS) provider by American Heart Association. He has also done a course in Cardiology by American College of Cardiology and a course in Diabetology by International Diabetes Centre. He specializes in the management of Infections, Multiorgan Dysfunctions and Critically ill patients and has many publications and presentations in various national conferences under his belt. He is currently working in NABH Approved Ivy super-specialty Hospital Mohali as Consultant Intensivists and Physician.
Antibiotics Resistance is a new issue in Microbiology-Medicine aspects, taken from Lange Review of Medical Microbiology, this purpose is for education only
Antibiotic resistance,introduction, cause, mechanism and solution of Antibiot...Dr. Sharad Chand
A illustrative representation of the antibiotic resistance, its introduction, cause, mechanism, examples and possible solutions of the antibiotic resistance. with pictorial illustrations for better understanding.
Antimicrobial resistance as an emerging food-borne infectious diseaseJean Jacques Bernatas
Food safety is also about acquired antimicrobial resistance in big farms, and its spread in the environment. Be a smart consumer, a smart producer, and a smart patient to contributing to get antimicrobial resistance under control.
Antimicrobial resistance occurs when microbes evolve a mechanism that protects them from the effects of antimicrobials or antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance is a subset of antimicrobial resistance, as it applies to bacteria that become resistant to antibiotics. Resistant microbes are more difficult to treat, requiring higher doses, or alternative medications that may prove more toxic.
Antibiotic resistance : A global concern Rohan Jagdale
As we belongs to pharma field., I curiously presented this slide for better understanding about this problem. As the world running out of antibiotics., we need to see this as one of a serious issue right now. So we need to overcome this by knowing bacterial mechanisms. They are well adapted and complicated. We as future pharmacist need to develop new antibiotics and hence we again need to look into the soils and environment in search of new bacterias for producing new antibiotic drugs.
Study about antibiotic abuse in NICU of pediatric department in misurata medical center (MMC) in interval between 1/1/2018 to 28/2/2018 under supervision of community medicine department in faulty of medicine in misurate university
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
BY- RICHA KRISHNA
(M.PHARMACY)
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in response to the use of these medicines. Bacteria, not humans or animals, become antibiotic-resistant. These bacteria may infect humans and animals, and the infections they cause are harder to treat than those caused by non-resistant bacteria.
No doubt that antibiotics are the life saver for us but taking them without prescription of doctor or not completing its course can turn them against us ,more precisely it makes the bacteria more powerful and hard to cure. They are not affected with antibiotic anymore this is known as Antibiotic Resistance
Antimicrobial resistance is the ability of a microorganism (like bacteria, viruses, and some parasites) to stop an antimicrobial (such as antibiotics, antivirals, and antifungals) from working against it.
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Have you ever wondered how search works while visiting an e-commerce site, internal website, or searching through other types of online resources? Look no further than this informative session on the ways that taxonomies help end-users navigate the internet! Hear from taxonomists and other information professionals who have first-hand experience creating and working with taxonomies that aid in navigation, search, and discovery across a range of disciplines.
Sharpen existing tools or get a new toolbox? Contemporary cluster initiatives...Orkestra
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About the Speaker
===============
Diogo Sousa, Engineering Manager @ Canonical
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This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
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This presentation, created by Syed Faiz ul Hassan, explores the profound influence of media on public perception and behavior. It delves into the evolution of media from oral traditions to modern digital and social media platforms. Key topics include the role of media in information propagation, socialization, crisis awareness, globalization, and education. The presentation also examines media influence through agenda setting, propaganda, and manipulative techniques used by advertisers and marketers. Furthermore, it highlights the impact of surveillance enabled by media technologies on personal behavior and preferences. Through this comprehensive overview, the presentation aims to shed light on how media shapes collective consciousness and public opinion.
1. ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
Presented to –
Dr. Ashrafur Rahman
Course: Pharmacology – II
North South University
Department of Pharmaceutical Science
2. Group Members:
1. Tamjid Ahmad
2. Susmita Bhowmik
3. Ety Biswas
4. Nazia Noushin Nijhum
5. Stanley Lawrence Palma
3. Antibiotic Resistance
What is an antibiotic?
Antibiotics, also known as antimicrobial drugs, are drugs
that fight infections caused by bacteria in both humans
and animals. Antibiotics fight these infections either by
killing the bacteria or making it difficult for the bacteria
to grow and multiply.
What is Antibiotic resistance ?
The ability of bacteria and other microorganisms to resist
the effects of an antibiotic to which they were once
sensitive. Antibiotic resistance is a major concern of
overuse of antibiotics. Also known as drug resistance.
4. Why is being resistance to antibiotics bad?
If every time a person takes antibiotics, sensitive bacteria are
killed but resistance bacteria may grow and multiply. Treating
viral illness with antibiotics is a problem because it can lead to
the development of resistance bacteria.
Why should we care about antibiotic resistance?
Antibiotic resistance has been called one of the world’s most
pressing public health problems. Antibiotic resistance can cause
illnesses that were once easily treatable with antibiotics to
become dangerous infections for children and adults. Antibiotic-
resistant bacteria can spread to family members, schoolmates,
and co-workers. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are often more
difficult to kill and more expensive to treat.
7. Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance
1. Pump the antibiotic out from the bacterial cell.
2. Decrease permeability of the membrane that surrounds the
bacterial cell.
3. Destroy the antibiotic.
4. Modify the antibiotic.
5. Express alternative proteins.
6. Camouflage the target.
7. Reprogram target.
11. How do Bacteria Become
Resistant?
Some bacteria are naturally resistant to certain types of
antibiotics . However, bacteria may also become resistant
in two ways:
1)By certain mutation
2)By acquiring resistance from another bacterium