This document provides an overview of analysis of variance (ANOVA) techniques, including one-way and two-way ANOVA. It defines ANOVA as a statistical tool used to test differences between two or more means by analyzing variance. One-way ANOVA tests the effect of one factor on the mean and splits total variation into between-groups and within-groups components. Two-way ANOVA controls for another variable as a blocking factor to reduce error variance and splits total variation into between treatments, between blocks, and residual components. The document reviews key ANOVA terms, assumptions, calculations including sum of squares, F-ratio and p-value, and provides examples of one-way and two-way ANOVA.