This document summarizes different types of plant and animal tissues. It describes tissue as a group of cells that work together to perform a common function. It then discusses the two main types of plant tissues - meristematic and permanent tissues. It provides details on various simple and complex permanent tissues in plants. The document also summarizes the four primary types of animal tissues - epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissues - and includes descriptions of their structures and functions.

1. Tissue- A group of similar cells which work together to carry out a common
Function.
Meristamatic Permanent
Tissues
Tissue made up of
actively dividing
cells
Tissue made up of
actively dividing
cells
Tissue made up of
non dividing cells
Tissue made up of
non dividing cells
Vacuole
Cells in state of
cell division

2. Meristamatic Tissue
Intercalary meristem Apical meristem Lateral meristem

3. Meristamatic Tissue

4. Permanent Tissue
SimpleSimple ComplexComplex
Made up of one type of cellsMade up of one type of cells Made up of more than one
type of cells
Made up of more than one
type of cells
Parenchyma Collenchyma
Sclerenchyma
Xylem Phloem

5. Simple Permanent Tissue
•Parenchyma are
loosely-packed,
cube shaped or
elongate cells with
a large central
vacuole & thin cell
walls
Function-
Storage of food
Modified Parenchyma
Arenchyma Chlorenchyma
Intercellular space
Chlorophyll
Found in aquatic
plants
Function-
Photosynthesis
Function-Provide
aquatic plants
buoyancy

6. Collenchyma
Thickening
at the
corners of
cell wall
Function –Provides elasticity and strength

7. Sclerenchyma
Sclerenchyma is
made up of dead
cells and the walls
are uniformly thick.
Function- It
provides strength
and rigidity

8. Tissue with
structure
Location Function
Parenchyma
a
Root and Shoot make
up cortex, In leaf make
up mesophyll
Stalk of leaves, young
stems
Provides strength and
elasticity
Hard parts like seed
coats ,shells of dry fruits
Provides strength and
protection
Types of Simple Permanent Tissue
Thin walled
cells
Collenchyma
Walls
thickened
at corners
Sclerenchyma
Uniformly
thick walls.
Dead cells
Storage and
making food

9. Xylem
Complex permanent tissue
Tracheids
Vessels
Tracheids
Vessels
Vessels

10. Phloem

11. Transport by Xylem and Phloem

13. Plant tissue classified on the basis of location

14. Epidermal tissue
The epidermis is a single-layered group of cells that covers plants
leaves, flowers, roots and stems.
In stems it protects against water loss,
In roots it absorbs water and mineral nutrients
Cuticle
Single layer of cell
Root hairs
Stem Epidermis
Root Epidermis

15. Has thin walled cells and stomata for transpiration. Leaves of xerophytic plants
have thick layer of cutin to prevent water loss .
Leaf epidermis
Stomata

16. Animal Tissue
Epithelial
Tissue
Connective
Tissue
Muscle
Tissue
Nervous
Tissue

17.  The tissue is avascular, or without blood vessels.
Epithelial Tissue
 The cells within this tissue are firmly attached to each other.
 The upper surface of epithelium is free, or exposed to the
outside of the body or to an internal body cavity.
 A thin, extracellular layer called the basement membrane forms
between the epithelial and connective tissue.
Types of Epithelial Tissue

18. Types of Epithelial Tissue
Type / Structure Location
Squamous Lungs ,lining of blood vessels
Cuboidal Pancreas ,lining of kidney tubles, ovaries
and testes
Inner lining of nose ,ear, tongue ,glands
Uterus and Fallopian tubes
Outer layer of skin
Cells are thin and flat.
Cells are cuboidal in shape
Columnar
The cells are elongated
and column-shaped
Ciliated
Stratified Epithelium
composed of several
layers of cells

19. Functions of Epithelial Tissue
 Protection - Epithelial cells from the skin
protect underlying tissue.
 Diffusion -Simple epithelium promotes the diffusion
of gases, liquids and nutrients..
 Absorption- Certain epithelial cells lining the small
intestine absorb nutrients from the digestion of food.
 Secretion- In glands, epithelial tissue is
specialised to secrete specific chemical substances
such as enzymes, hormones and lubricating fluids.
.
 Sensation- Specialised epithelial tissue
containing sensory nerve endings is found in the
skin, eyes, ears, nose and on the tongue

20. Connective Tissue
These living cells are responsible for
secreting the large amounts of
intercellular ground substance
(matrix).
These living cells are responsible for
secreting the large amounts of
intercellular ground substance
(matrix).
Connective tissue is composed of:
1.Cells
2.Extracelluar matrix.
Cells are generally widely spread.
Connective tissue is composed of:
1.Cells
2.Extracelluar matrix.
Cells are generally widely spread.
The extracellular matrix is composed of :
 Protein fibres- (collagen fibers,elastic
fibres)
 Amorphous ground substance-
The extracellular matrix is composed of :
 Protein fibres- (collagen fibers,elastic
fibres)
 Amorphous ground substance-
Transparent material composed mainly of
proteins and salts with a fairly high water
content.
Transparent material composed mainly of
proteins and salts with a fairly high water
content.

21.  The most widespread connective tissue
of the body.
 It is used to attach the skin to the
underlying tissue.
 It also fills the spaces between various
organs and thus holds them in place as well
as cushions and protects them
Collagen fibers
Elastin fibers
Areolar Adipose
Adipocytes
 It is a connective tissue
composed of adipocytes.
 It is composed of roughly
80% fat;
 Its main role is to store fat and it
also cushions and insulates the
body
Fibroblasts
Collagen
fibers
Elastin
fibers
Types of connective tissue

22. Types of connective tissue
TendonTendon
 A tendon is a tough band of fibrous
connective tissue that usually connects
muscle to bone.
 Tendons are mostly composed of parallel
strands of collagen fibres closely packed
together
LigamentLigament
 A ligament is made up of
collagen fibers arranged parallely.
 A ligament joins two bones at
joints.
 The fibbers in ligaments are
arranged in criss-crossed layers.

23. Types of connective tissue
Cartilage
 It is found in the pinna of the
ear,windpipe, nasal septum and in the
epiglottis.
 Made up of dense matrix of collagen
fibres and elastic fibres. The cells are
called chondrocytes.
 Reduces friction at joints
Functions
 Support The cartilagenous rings in the
windpipes (trachea and bronchi) assist in
keeping those tubes open.
 Maintain shape. In the ear cartilage
helps to maintain the shape and
flexibility of the organ

24. Structure of bone
 The bone matrix has two main
components :
Organic matrix –Has collagen
fibbers.
Inorganic salts-Has mainly
calcium salts.
 Bone cells are osteocytes
which have long processes
called canaliculi

25.  The skeleton is built of bone tissue.
Bone provides the internal support of the
body
 Bone provides protection for the vital
organs of the body: the skull protects the
brain; the ribs protect the heart and lungs.
FUNCTIONS OF BONE TISSUEFUNCTIONS OF BONE TISSUE
 Provides sites of attachment of tendons
and muscles, essential for locomotion.
 The main store of calcium and
phosphate is in bone

26. Blood-A fluid connective tissue
White blood cells
Plasma
Red blood cells
Platelets

27. PlateletsRed Blood Cells
Blood cells
White blood cells
• Are red due to hemoglobin
• Are without nucleus
• Help in transport of oxygen.
• Are colorless.
• Have well defined nucleus.
• Help in protection
against diseases.
• Are colorless and
smallest cells
• Are without nucleus.
• Help in clotting of blood.

28. Oxygen carrying red blood cells Clotting by plateletsTypes of WBCs.
Functions of blood cells

29. Muscle Tissue
SKELETAL MUSCLES
SMOOTH MUSCLES
CARDIAC MUSCLES

30. Muscle Tissue
o Made up of long fiber like cells called muscle fibers.
o Help in movement and locomotion.

31. Nervous Tissue
 Made up of long cells called nerve cells.
 Make up the brain and spinal cord. Forms a network in the body.
Neuron