basic information on the morphological and physiological structures of animal cell

1. Bai Saguira M. Abdulah
Reporter

2. Objectives
Identify animal cell parts and function
Determine the relationship with other
organelles
Cite importance of each part

3. Definition of Cell
• A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of
performing life functions.
• Vary in both size and form
• Cytology-is the study of cell.

4. • Animal cells are typical of the eukaryotic cell,
enclosed by a plasma membrane and
containing a membrane-bound nucleus and
organelles.

5. Cell parts and structure

7. Cell Membrane
• Outer membrane of cell
that controls movement in
and out of the cell
• Double layer (Phospholipid
bilayer)
Hydrophobic
Protein
Hydrophilic

8. Nucleus
• Directs cell activities
• Contains genetic material – DNA
• Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear
membrane

9. Nuclear Membrane
• Surrounds nucleus
• Made of two layers
• Openings allow material
to enter and leave
nucleus
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

10. Chromosomes
• In nucleus
• Made of DNA
• Contain instructions for
traits & characteristics
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

11. Nucleolus
• Inside nucleus
• Contains RNA to build
proteins (ribosome
formation)
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

12. Cytoplasm
• Gel-like mixture
• Surrounded by cell membrane
• Contains hereditary material

13. Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Moves materials around in
cell
• Smooth type: lacks
ribosomes
• -transport by vesicle
formation and lipid
synthesis in some cells
• Rough type (pictured):
ribosomes embedded in
surface .
• -transport and protein
synthesishttp://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

14. Ribosomes
• Each cell contains
thousands
• Embedded on rough ER
& floating throughout
the cell
• Make proteins
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

15. Mitochondria
spherical to rod-shaped
organelles with a double
membrane
• Powerhouse of the cell
• Produces energy through
chemical reactions – breaking
down fats & carbohydrates
• Controls level of water and
other materials in cell
• Recycles and decomposes
proteins, fats, and
carbohydrates
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

16. Golgi Bodies
Membrane-bound
vesicles of flattened
sacs and stacks parallel
to each other
• Protein 'packaging'
• Move materials within
and out of the cell
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

17. Lysosome
round organelles surrounded
by a membrane and
containing digestive
enzymes
• Digestive 'plant' for proteins,
fats, and carbohydrates
• Transports undigested
material to cell membrane
for removal
• Cell breaks down if lysosome
explodes
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

18. Vacuoles
Membrane-enclosed
bodies containing
numerous enzymes
• Membrane-bound sacs
for storage, digestion,
and waste removal
• Contains water solution
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

19. Centrioles and Microtubules
• Centrioles- cylindrical
structures that
organize the assembly
of microtubules
during cell division
• Microtubules - hollow
rods that function
primarily to help
support and shape the
cell.

20. Microfilament
• Microfilaments are solid
rods made of globular
proteins called actin and
are common to all
eukaryotic cells.
• are primarily structural
in function and are an
important component of
the cytoskeleton, along
with microtubules.

21. Cytoskeleton
• Cytoskeleton -
network of fibers
throughout the cell's
cytoplasm that gives
the cell support and
helps to maintain its
shape.

22. Peroxisome
• enzyme containing
structures that help
to detoxify alcohol,
form bile acid, and
break down fats.

23. Cilia and flagella
• specialized groupings
of microtubules that
protrude from some
cells and aid in
cellular locomotion.

25. Importance
• • In order for cells to function and
survive, their organelles work together to
carry out specific tasks and perform
specific roles. Each organelle has its own
role that contributes to the survival of the
cell.

26. REFERENCE
• http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/animals/cell/
• http://www.ivyroses.com/Biology/Organelles/Organelle-
Functions.php
• http://biology.about.com/od/cellbiology/ss/animal_cells.htm
• http://bioserv.fiu.edu/~walterm/human_online/animal_cell_info_
andpics/page.html