The architecture of ancient Greece is the architecture produced by the Greek-speaking people (Hellenic people) whose culture flourished on the Greek mainland, the Peloponnese, the Aegean Islands, and in colonies in Anatolia and Italy for a period from about 900 BC until the 1st century AD.
Theory of Architecture 2 class
Report by: Michelle S. Estrada & Caren V.Cuevas
Central Colleges of the Philippines
College of Architecture
2nd Semester S.Y. 2015-16
December 2015
Slide 1: So today we will be discussing this iconic structure… World’s great wonder know as, Hagia Sophia in Greek…. Santa Sophia -in Latin and Aya Sophia in- Turkish……. Meaning HOLY WISDOM!!! On 24th July it re-opened as a mosque!
Slide 2: Situated on a hill overlooking the Sea of Marmara and the Bosphorus, Hagia Sophia has gone through various transformations since it was built in what is now Istanbul in 537 and it remains one of the most important monuments of the world.
Slide 3: This map here shows us the location of Hagia Sophia, if u look closely,,, u will understand that majority of Turkey falls in the Asian part of the world and is included under the middle east zone….. While half of Istanbul is located in Europe….sharing its border with Greece and Bulgaria
Slide 5:
1. THE ORIGINAL DOME WAS REPLACED AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE IN 558 CE.
Soaring 160 feet high, with a diameter of 131 feet, the grand feature of the Hagia Sophia was its large central dome. The dome and the church were designed by architects Anthemios of Tralles and Isidoros of Miletos, but unlike the dome of the Pantheon, which has never faltered, an earthquake in 558 CE caused the Hagia Sophia's dome to collapse. It was rebuilt to a height of 182 feet, and the walls were reinforced in 562 CE. The dome's weight is supported by a series of smaller domes, arcades, and four large arches.
2. THE CHURCH WAS TWICE DESTROYED BY RIOTS.
First built in Constantinople in 360 CE and dedicated by the Roman Emperor Constantius II (son of Constantine, the founder of Constantinople), the initial, wood-constructed Hagia Sophia burned during a series of riots in 404 CE. In 415 CE, Emperor Theodosius II ordered the church rebuilt, but the Nika Revolt in 532 CE caused widespread death and destruction in the city, and the church was wiped out a second time.
3. ONE OF THE SEVEN ANCIENT WONDERS WAS USED IN THE CHURCH'S CONSTRUCTION.
To fortify (and beautify) the interior of the church, columns from the long-abandoned and destroyed Temple of Artemis in Ephesus were used for the Hagia Sophia. Additional building materials may also have come from ancient sites in Baalbeck and Pergamom.
6. BELIEVERS SAY THE 'WEEPING COLUMN' HAS HEALING POWERS.
Also called the "sweating column," the "wishing column," and the "perspiring column," the weeping column stands in the northwest portion of the church and is one of 107 columns in the building. The pillar is partly covered in bronze, with a hole in the middle, and it is damp to the touch. The alleged blessing of St. Gregory has led many to rub the column in search of divine healing.
7. THE FOUNDER OF MODERN TURKEY TURNED IT INTO A MUSEUM.
Former army officer Mustafa Kemal Atatürk founded modern Turkey and served as its first president
The architecture of ancient Greece is the architecture produced by the Greek-speaking people (Hellenic people) whose culture flourished on the Greek mainland, the Peloponnese, the Aegean Islands, and in colonies in Anatolia and Italy for a period from about 900 BC until the 1st century AD.
Theory of Architecture 2 class
Report by: Michelle S. Estrada & Caren V.Cuevas
Central Colleges of the Philippines
College of Architecture
2nd Semester S.Y. 2015-16
December 2015
Slide 1: So today we will be discussing this iconic structure… World’s great wonder know as, Hagia Sophia in Greek…. Santa Sophia -in Latin and Aya Sophia in- Turkish……. Meaning HOLY WISDOM!!! On 24th July it re-opened as a mosque!
Slide 2: Situated on a hill overlooking the Sea of Marmara and the Bosphorus, Hagia Sophia has gone through various transformations since it was built in what is now Istanbul in 537 and it remains one of the most important monuments of the world.
Slide 3: This map here shows us the location of Hagia Sophia, if u look closely,,, u will understand that majority of Turkey falls in the Asian part of the world and is included under the middle east zone….. While half of Istanbul is located in Europe….sharing its border with Greece and Bulgaria
Slide 5:
1. THE ORIGINAL DOME WAS REPLACED AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE IN 558 CE.
Soaring 160 feet high, with a diameter of 131 feet, the grand feature of the Hagia Sophia was its large central dome. The dome and the church were designed by architects Anthemios of Tralles and Isidoros of Miletos, but unlike the dome of the Pantheon, which has never faltered, an earthquake in 558 CE caused the Hagia Sophia's dome to collapse. It was rebuilt to a height of 182 feet, and the walls were reinforced in 562 CE. The dome's weight is supported by a series of smaller domes, arcades, and four large arches.
2. THE CHURCH WAS TWICE DESTROYED BY RIOTS.
First built in Constantinople in 360 CE and dedicated by the Roman Emperor Constantius II (son of Constantine, the founder of Constantinople), the initial, wood-constructed Hagia Sophia burned during a series of riots in 404 CE. In 415 CE, Emperor Theodosius II ordered the church rebuilt, but the Nika Revolt in 532 CE caused widespread death and destruction in the city, and the church was wiped out a second time.
3. ONE OF THE SEVEN ANCIENT WONDERS WAS USED IN THE CHURCH'S CONSTRUCTION.
To fortify (and beautify) the interior of the church, columns from the long-abandoned and destroyed Temple of Artemis in Ephesus were used for the Hagia Sophia. Additional building materials may also have come from ancient sites in Baalbeck and Pergamom.
6. BELIEVERS SAY THE 'WEEPING COLUMN' HAS HEALING POWERS.
Also called the "sweating column," the "wishing column," and the "perspiring column," the weeping column stands in the northwest portion of the church and is one of 107 columns in the building. The pillar is partly covered in bronze, with a hole in the middle, and it is damp to the touch. The alleged blessing of St. Gregory has led many to rub the column in search of divine healing.
7. THE FOUNDER OF MODERN TURKEY TURNED IT INTO A MUSEUM.
Former army officer Mustafa Kemal Atatürk founded modern Turkey and served as its first president
The Mycenaean civilization flourished during the period roughly between 1600 BC. It perished with the collapse of bronze age civilization in the eastern Mediterranean.
This presentation contains information on'
Evolution of Greek Architecture.
The architectural Elements.
3 Major Styles of that time.
Description of Acropolis and Parthenon
Built more than 1800 years ago, the magnificent Pantheon building still stands as a reminder of the great Roman empire. Pantheon, with its thick brick walls and large marble columns, the Pantheon makes an immediate impression on visitors. But for its time the most remarkable part of the building is the more than 43 meter high some. It was the largest dome in the world until 1436 when the Florence Cathedral was constructed. At the top of the dome is a large opening, the oculus, which was the only source of light. The front portico has three rows of 8 columns, each one with a diameter of 1.5m. A huge bronze door gives access to the cylindrical building. Its
Originally a temple for all pagan gods, the temple was converted into a church in 609. The Pantheon now contains the tombs of the famous artist
Raphael and of several Italian Kings. Its ecclesiastic interior design contrast with the temple's structural design, but the marble floor - which features a design consisting of a series of geometric patterns - is still the ancient Roman original.
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16. 2. The exterior and
interior walls along with
columns and piers were
covered with
hieroglyphics and pictorial
frescoes and carvings
painted in brilliant colors.
17. 3. Ornamentations were
symbolic including scarab
(sacred beetle), solar disk
and vulture, common
motifs (palm leaves, buds,
flower of lotus, and papyrus
plants)
20. It is the most substantial
ancient structure of the
world. The three pyramids
are the funerary
structures of the three
kings of the fourth
dynasty.
26. Temples consisted of a
central shrine or room in an
aisle surrounded by rows of
columns. These buildings
were designed in one of
three architectural style or
orders
29. The Greatest Classical temple,
ingeniously engineered to correct
an optical illusion. The columns
were slightly contorted, swollen at
the center and leaning inward to
correct what would otherwise
have been an impression of
deadness and top heaviness.
31. They built sturdy stone structures
both for use and to perpetuate
their glory.
The emperors erected huge halls
and arenas for public games, baths
and procession. They built them of
gigantic arches of stone, bricks and
concrete or with barrel vaults.
33. When Was It Built?
The Colosseum was commissioned by the emperors
Vespasian and Titus, and was finished in 80 AD. Its
completion was commemorated by 100 days of ceremony
and games.
Gladiators and Games
The Colosseum was designed for sports, such as fights
between gladiators and wild beasts. Its semi-circular
structure housed 50,000 spectators
How It Survived
Unlike earlier Roman amphitheaters, the materials used
were built to last: concrete for the foundations, travertine
for the piers, tufa infill and brick-faced concrete
36. It has a lot in common with
the early Christian
architecture. Mosaic
decoration was perfected by
the Byzantines, as was the
use of clerestory to bring
light in from high windows.
39. Hagia Sophia means “Holy Wisdom”.
It narrates how a magnificent
construction transformed from being
a church, into a mosque and what is
now known as the Hagia Sophia
museum. One of the biggest domes
ever created with diameter of 108
feet and because of its grand size it
can still be seen from miles away.
41. It displays solid masonry
walls, rounded arches
and masonry vaults. It is
the period of great
building activities in
Europe: castles, churches,
and monasteries.
44. This design included two new
devices: pointed arch which
enabled builders to construct
much higher ceiling vaults and
stone vaulting borne on a
network of stone ribs
supported by piers and
clustered pillars.