Anatomy Unit 4 Notes: Bone Injury
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The document describes 10 different types of bone injuries: comminuted fractures which break bone into 3 or more pieces; spiral fractures which result from twisting forces; depressed fractures where part of the bone is pressed inward; transverse fractures which break straight through the bone; oblique fractures which break on a diagonal; open fractures which break the skin; compression fractures which crush the bone; epiphyseal fractures where the epiphysis separates from the diaphysis; greenstick fractures which break incompletely on one side like a twig; and provides brief descriptions of the causes and characteristics of each type.
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I hope this document is helpful to you. Please share the document with your friends if you think this will benefit them. Get ready for the next lesson. Thanks.
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The document discusses the structure and functions of bones in the human skeletal system. It notes that bone is living tissue that is constantly being recreated. Bones provide structure and protection to the body, allow for movement through attachment of muscles and acting as levers, and store minerals and produce blood cells. The five categories of bone are defined based on shape: long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and sesamoid bones.
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Anatomy unit 5 skeletal and muscular systems bone injury and repair notes
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Similar to Anatomy Unit 4 Notes: Bone Injury
Presentation 4
There are four main types of bone fractures: oblique, comminuted, spiral, and compound. Oblique fractures occur when one bone twists over another at an angle. Comminuted fractures result in shattered, splintered, or crushed bones from high-energy outside forces. Spiral fractures often happen in the lower leg from sports injuries that twist the tibia. Compound fractures break the skin, leaving the bone exposed and at high risk for infection.
factures notes.pptx
There are two main types of bone fractures: closed fractures where the bone does not penetrate the skin, and open fractures where the broken bone pierces the skin. Common fractures include comminuted fractures where the bone breaks into many pieces which is more common in older people, compression fractures which crush the bone such as in osteoporosis, and depressed skull fractures where the broken bone is pushed inward. Bone fractures heal through the formation of a hematoma, fibrocartilage callus, and ultimately a bony callus which is remodeled to form a permanent patch in the bone.
Skeletal System (2).pptx
The skeletal system provides structure, movement, and protection for the body. It is made up of bones, cartilage, and ligaments that form the framework. Bones provide structure, allow for muscle attachment and movement, protect organs, contain marrow to produce blood cells, and store minerals. There are different types of bones classified by shape and two groups - the axial skeleton including the skull and spine, and appendicular skeleton of the limbs. Fractures are breaks in bones that can be simple, compound, complete or incomplete based on the break. Joints connect bones and allow for different degrees of movement.
First aid FRACTURE.ppt4444444444444444444
This document discusses different types of fractures, sprains, and dislocations. It defines a fracture as a break or crack in a bone. Fractures are categorized as either closed, where the skin is not broken, or open/compound, where the skin is broken and the bone may be visible. Common types of fractures include hairline, stress, complete, greenstick, comminuted, depression, complicated, transverse, oblique, and spiral. The document also defines sprains as injuries to ligaments and dislocations as bones no longer being in proper contact at a joint. General treatment principles for injuries include resting, immobilizing, applying cold, and elevating the injured area.
Chapter_29.ppt
These chaptet talk about anatomy of upprt limb consist bones and muscles and joints and nerves and vascular system.
Neurovascular system is important.
Radial nerve cross the arm from medial to lateral.
And injured by truma.
If radial nerve injue is managed by operation and phyiotherapy.
Ulnar nerve injury is commmon and injured .
MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURY.ppt
The document provides information on injuries to the musculoskeletal system, including fractures, dislocations, sprains, strains, and compartment syndrome. It discusses signs and symptoms of various injuries, mechanisms of injury, classifications of fractures, assessment of injury severity, emergency medical care including splinting, and complications from orthopedic injuries. Key points covered include the importance of stabilizing injuries before transport, controlling bleeding, preventing further injury, and reducing pain.
Fracture ppt
1. The document describes different types of fractures including complete, incomplete, impacted and comminuted fractures. It also discusses fracture classification systems and factors that influence bone healing.
2. Clinical signs of fractures include pain, swelling, deformity, loss of function. Examination involves inspection, palpation, and assessment of range of motion. Imaging plays a key role in diagnosis and fracture characterization.
3. Potential complications of fractures include vascular or nerve injury, visceral injury, infection, and malunion. Proper diagnosis and management can help prevent long-term disability.
Fractures
This document discusses bone fractures, including general and specific classifications of fractures. It describes symptoms of fractures and methods for diagnosis using x-rays and other imaging techniques. The main treatments of fractures are discussed as external fixation using casts or internal fixation using surgical methods like plates, screws, nails or rods. Finally, the natural healing process of fractures is summarized in four steps.
Foot fractures -meta tarsal fractures
The document discusses fractures of the bones in the foot, including the metatarsals and phalanges. It describes the anatomy of the foot bones and their divisions. It discusses the causes, presentations, findings and treatments for different types of metatarsal fractures, including stress fractures, shaft fractures, neck fractures, and fractures of the fifth metatarsal. It also covers phalangeal fractures of the toes. Treatment options discussed include closed reduction, percutaneous pinning, open reduction and internal fixation with plates or screws.
Skeletal And Muscle Ppt
The skeletal system provides structure and support for the body. It includes bones like those in the spine, arms, legs, skull, and rib cage. Joints connect bones and allow movement, such as ball-and-socket joints in the shoulder and hip. Taking care of bones requires adequate calcium, vitamin D, and exercise. Problems can arise from injury, poor nutrition, or conditions like osteoporosis.
Spondylolisthesis
Spondylolisthesis is the forward displacement of a vertebra, most commonly the fifth lumbar vertebra. It occurs when a vertebra slips out of proper position due to a fracture, birth defect, injury, or arthritis which causes abnormal wear on bones and cartilage. Spondylolisthesis is classified based on its cause as isthmic, degenerative, traumatic, or dysplastic and is graded based on the percentage of vertebral slippage. Symptoms include lower back pain, muscle tightness, and pain or numbness in the thighs and buttocks. Treatment options involve conservative measures like physical therapy or surgery.
Fractures - general view
This document provides information on fractures, including:
- Causes of fractures include trauma, repetitive forces, twisting motions, and underlying bone pathology.
- Signs of a fracture include swelling, pain, numbness, bleeding, deformity, and limited movement. Different types of fractures are described based on the bone break pattern and degree of displacement.
- Complications from fractures can include fat embolism, compartment syndrome, infection, avascular necrosis, and pulmonary embolism. Close monitoring is needed to identify signs of these complications and notify the healthcare team for treatment.
power point presentation fractures note
for all the nurses , nursing student both general nursing and midwifery{ GNM} , bachelors science [BSc], medical staff[ freshly joined doctors, RMO's[ registered medical officer]interns. nursing in charge, supervisors , orthopedic staff in departments such as medical ward, surgical ward, ICU [medical & surgical], emergency , radiology , laboratory, housekeeping, security, clinical instructor, quality manager, HR manager, front office , and operation theater in charge, staff, anesthesia doctors, surgeons and orthopedic OPD [ out patient department staff]
07 Fractures
There are several types of fractures including closed or compound fractures. Compound fractures involve an open wound exposing the bone, while closed fractures are protected by uninjured skin. Additional types are comminuted fractures which break bone into many pieces, spiral fractures resulting from a twisting motion, oblique fractures at an angle across the bone, transverse fractures crossing cleanly, greenstick fractures partially breaking and bending bone as seen in children, avulsion fractures where a small fragment detaches, and compression fractures which compress the bone especially in the elderly spine. Osteoporotic fractures most commonly affect the hips, wrists and pelvis in older individuals due to bone weakening.
Fractures
This document discusses different types of bone fractures including spiral, comminuted, and transverse fractures. Spiral fractures occur when the bone twists, often resulting from sports injuries or falls. They usually heal within 4-6 weeks with casting, but surgery may be needed if the bones are misaligned. Comminuted fractures involve the bone breaking into several pieces, commonly affecting the elderly or frail. They require pinning and cause more pain, with healing times varying. Transverse fractures occur when the bone breaks perpendicular to its axis, usually from direct blows. They also necessitate casting or surgery depending on severity, with recovery taking several months.
The skeletal system
Ok so this is my something or the other PPT of the series dedicated to the Human Anatomy. The humor is mine. So just change it to fit your needs. Hope this helps.
BONE FRACTURE.pptx
Bones can fracture due to traumatic injury, stress, or medical conditions. A fracture is a break in the continuity of the bone. Fractures are classified in several ways including location of the bone, type of break, and degree of displacement. Treatment depends on the fracture but may include setting and immobilizing the bone, surgery, analgesics, and physical therapy. Goals of treatment are to reduce pain and swelling, maintain range of motion, prevent complications, and allow the bone to heal properly over time through the stages of hematoma formation, new bone growth, and remodeling.
Physiology ch 7 lecture notes
This document provides an overview of the skeletal system, including the different types of bones and how they develop. It discusses the functions of the skeleton in supporting the body, enabling movement, and storing minerals. Bone formation occurs through two types of ossification. Bones grow in length through the epiphyseal plate and in thickness through remodeling. Nutrition, hormones, and exercise can affect bone development and strength. The document also covers joints, types of motion, and classifications of bone fractures.
Arthrology
This document provides an introduction to arthrology, the study of joints. It defines arthrology and discusses the classification and basic structures of joints. Joints are classified based on both their function and structure. Based on structure, joints are categorized as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial. Synovial joints are the most common and complex type, allowing for free movement. The document outlines the key components of synovial joints and provides examples of different joint types, including ball and socket, hinge, pivot, saddle, condyloid, and gliding joints.
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Ths general biology unit 4 heredity mendelian genetics notes_v1516
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Karyotyping is used to identify chromosomal disorders by staining and organizing chromosomes from longest to shortest based on banding pattern. Abnormalities include an extra chromosome like Trisomy 21 which causes Down Syndrome characteristics such as cognitive impairment and heart defects, or a missing sex chromosome as in Turner's Syndrome where females are sterile with short stature.
Ths general biology unit 4 heredity reproduction and meiosis notes_v1516
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Ths general biology unit 4 heredity protein synthesis notes_v1516
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Ths general biology unit 4 heredity cell cycle notes
Cell division allows cells to grow, repair, replace damaged cells, and reproduce. There are two main types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis. The cell cycle is the process cells use to prepare for cell division. It includes interphase, where the cell grows and duplicates its DNA, and the M phase where the cell divides. Errors in the cell cycle checkpoints during interphase can allow defective cells to divide uncontrollably and cause cancer.
Ths general biology unit 4 heredity dna replication notes
DNA replication is necessary for cell division to create a copy of the DNA for each new cell. Messelson and Stahl discovered that DNA replication is a semi-conservative process where the original DNA molecule splits into two new molecules, each with one original strand and one newly synthesized complimentary strand. The basic steps of replication are to unwind the DNA strands, separate the strands, and then make complimentary copies of each single strand to result in two new DNA molecules with one old and one new strand each.
Ths general biology unit 4 heredity dna structure and function notes
DNA stores genetic instructions in the form of a code made up of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). DNA has a double-stranded helical structure, with the strands bonded together via complementary base pairing between A and T and between G and C. According to Chargaff's rule, the percentage of A bases is always equal to the percentage of T bases, and the percentage of G bases is always equal to the percentage of C bases within a DNA sample. The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions of each other (anti-parallel) and form a double helix.
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Homeostasis refers to maintaining internal balance, and feedback mechanisms are the involuntary chemical processes that bring the body back to its normal state when something causes internal changes. There are two main types of feedback mechanisms: negative feedback mechanisms return the body to its normal state, like shivering and sweating to regulate temperature and insulin to regulate blood sugar levels. Positive feedback mechanisms cause more change to happen, though few homeostatic responses use this type, such as oxytocin causing stronger contractions during childbirth to help deliver the baby.
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All living things are made of cells and molecules that are organized into different levels. Cells are the basic units of life that make up tissues, organs, organ systems, and the overall organism. All cellular processes require energy and involve the movement and reactions of molecules like carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. Homeostasis is maintained involuntarily within cells and organisms through processes that keep internal stability and balance. Cells become specialized by taking on unique shapes and functions to complete specific roles that together support homeostasis at the organism level. The main human organs include the brain, heart, lungs, liver, stomach, intestines, and kidneys, each of which performs crucial functions for keeping humans alive and healthy.
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(1) Cells are the basic unit of life and can be either unicellular (single-celled) or multicellular (many cells). Cells contain organelles that help them complete important processes.
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Ths general biology unit 2 our bodies cell reactions and enzymes notes_v1516
Cellular reactions use enzymes to break down molecules, form larger molecules, and facilitate energy storage and release using ATP and ADP. Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions by lowering their activation energy through a specific lock-and-key structure that allows substrates to bind at the enzyme's active site. Denaturing enzymes through extreme heat or chemicals causes their structure to unravel and disrupt their active site, preventing them from catalyzing reactions.
Ths general biology unit 2 our bodies living organization notes_v1516
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Ths general biology unit 2 our bodies biomolecule notes_v1516
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আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
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Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
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Anatomy Unit 4 Notes: Bone Injury
- 2. (1) Bone Injury(1) Bone Injury • Increased weight on bone/joint. • Irregular movement/manipulation… – Twisting – Rotation – Bending
- 4. (2) Comminuted Fractures(2) Comminuted Fractures - Bone fragments into 3 or more pieces - Common in aged people, when bones are more brittle
- 6. (3) Spiral Fractures(3) Spiral Fractures - Ragged diagonal break - Result of excessive twisting forces - Common sports fracture
- 8. (4) Depressed Fractures(4) Depressed Fractures - Portion of broken bone pressed inward - Typical skull fracture
- 10. (5) Transverse Fractures(5) Transverse Fractures - Bone breaks straight through bone (perpendicular) - Clean Break
- 12. (6) Oblique Fractures(6) Oblique Fractures - Bone breaks on diagonal - Clean break
- 14. (7) Open Fractures(7) Open Fractures - Bone breaks and pierces skin - Common in forearm and shin (leg)
- 16. (8) Compression Fractures(8) Compression Fractures - Bone is crushed - Common in porous bones (due to osteoporosis) - Common in vertebral column
- 18. (9) Epiphyseal Fractures(9) Epiphyseal Fractures - Epiphysis separates from diaphysis along epiphyseal plate - Usually occurs where cartilage cells are dying and calcifying
- 20. (10) Greenstick Fractures(10) Greenstick Fractures - Bone breaks incompletely (like a twig) - Only one side of the shaft breaks, other side bends - Common in children, when bones are more flexible