Anatomy Unit 3 Notes: The Large Intestine & Digestive Disorders
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The document describes the structure and function of the large intestine and its parts, including the cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and rectum. It discusses the role of the appendix and explains how waste moves through the colon, being reabsorbed and solidified into feces. Common issues like diarrhea, constipation, hemorrhoids, hernias, ulcers, and Crohn's disease are outlined along with their causes and symptoms. Vomiting and heartburn are also briefly explained.
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Presentation of large intestine by Aqib Javed
The large intestine extends from the ileocecal valve to the anus. It absorbs water from digestive residues, leaving around 150 mL of semisolid feces composed of undigested food, bacteria, and epithelial cells. Bacteria in the colon further break down carbohydrates through fermentation, producing gases like hydrogen and methane. The large intestine's functions include absorbing water and forming stool for defecation, aided by its secretions and bacterial breakdown of remaining nutrients.
Anatomy & Physiology of large intestine
The large intestine, also called the large bowel, is the final part of the gastrointestinal tract. It consists of the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal. The large intestine absorbs water from wastes to create stool for storage and then expulsion from the body. It plays an important role in reabsorption of water, conversion of waste, and housing beneficial bacteria.
Small intestine and large intestine
The document provides information about the small intestine. It notes that the small intestine is around 6 meters long and divided into 3 parts - the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. It describes the layers of the small intestine wall and discusses the villi and microvilli that line the intestine and help absorb nutrients. The document outlines the functions of the small intestine, including secreting enzymes to complete digestion, absorbing nutrients, and secreting hormones. It provides details on the absorption processes and locations in the small intestine for proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals.
large intestine physiology
The document describes the anatomy, histology, functions, and physiology of the large intestine. It discusses sodium, bicarbonate, potassium, and water absorption mechanisms in the colon. Short chain fatty acid absorption and role in energy metabolism is also covered. Colonic motility, fluid regulation, and the defecation reflex are summarized. The roles of mucus, fiber, and colonic microflora are outlined. Causes of constipation and composition of feces are also briefly discussed.
The large intestine to the anus
The large intestine, also called the colon, is the final part of the digestive system before waste is excreted. It is around 6 feet long and runs along the lower right side of the abdominal cavity. The colon has four main parts and absorbs water from food waste before it is passed as solid stool and stored in the rectum until excretion. The lining of the colon houses many bacteria that aid in digestion and vitamin production.
Notes small and large intestines
The small intestine is 6 meters long and 2.5 cm in diameter. It finishes digestion, absorbs nutrients, and passes residue to the large intestine. Its surface area is increased by circular folds, fingerlike villi containing blood vessels, and microvilli. It secretes enzymes like peptidase and hormones like secretin.
The large intestine is longer but narrower. It absorbs fluids and electrolytes and stores waste in pouches before elimination. It includes the cecum containing the appendix, the colon divided into ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid portions, and the rectum and anal canal.
Colon and Rectum Surgical Anatomy and Physiology
The document summarizes the surgical anatomy and physiology of the colon and rectum. It discusses the arterial supply to different parts of the colon from the terminal ileum to the sigmoid colon. It also describes the venous supply and how infections can spread. The physiology section covers fermentation in the colon and absorption of water, sodium, potassium and short chain fatty acids. For the rectum, it outlines the arterial supply from branches of the internal pudendal and internal iliac arteries. Investigation methods like radiology, endoscopy, colonoscopy and CT scans are mentioned.
Secretions of small intestine
The small intestine has four layers and is divided into three regions: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Its interior walls contain circular folds, villi, and microvilli that greatly increase its surface area for nutrient absorption. The small intestine secretes enzymes like enterokinase in the duodenum as well as hormones like gastrin, cholecystokinin, and secretin from endocrine cells in response to food constituents. These secretions aid in digestion and regulate secretions from other organs to maximize nutrient absorption in the small intestine.
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Presentation of large intestine by Aqib Javed
The large intestine extends from the ileocecal valve to the anus. It absorbs water from digestive residues, leaving around 150 mL of semisolid feces composed of undigested food, bacteria, and epithelial cells. Bacteria in the colon further break down carbohydrates through fermentation, producing gases like hydrogen and methane. The large intestine's functions include absorbing water and forming stool for defecation, aided by its secretions and bacterial breakdown of remaining nutrients.
Anatomy & Physiology of large intestine
The large intestine, also called the large bowel, is the final part of the gastrointestinal tract. It consists of the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal. The large intestine absorbs water from wastes to create stool for storage and then expulsion from the body. It plays an important role in reabsorption of water, conversion of waste, and housing beneficial bacteria.
Small intestine and large intestine
The document provides information about the small intestine. It notes that the small intestine is around 6 meters long and divided into 3 parts - the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. It describes the layers of the small intestine wall and discusses the villi and microvilli that line the intestine and help absorb nutrients. The document outlines the functions of the small intestine, including secreting enzymes to complete digestion, absorbing nutrients, and secreting hormones. It provides details on the absorption processes and locations in the small intestine for proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals.
large intestine physiology
The document describes the anatomy, histology, functions, and physiology of the large intestine. It discusses sodium, bicarbonate, potassium, and water absorption mechanisms in the colon. Short chain fatty acid absorption and role in energy metabolism is also covered. Colonic motility, fluid regulation, and the defecation reflex are summarized. The roles of mucus, fiber, and colonic microflora are outlined. Causes of constipation and composition of feces are also briefly discussed.
The large intestine to the anus
The large intestine, also called the colon, is the final part of the digestive system before waste is excreted. It is around 6 feet long and runs along the lower right side of the abdominal cavity. The colon has four main parts and absorbs water from food waste before it is passed as solid stool and stored in the rectum until excretion. The lining of the colon houses many bacteria that aid in digestion and vitamin production.
Notes small and large intestines
The small intestine is 6 meters long and 2.5 cm in diameter. It finishes digestion, absorbs nutrients, and passes residue to the large intestine. Its surface area is increased by circular folds, fingerlike villi containing blood vessels, and microvilli. It secretes enzymes like peptidase and hormones like secretin.
The large intestine is longer but narrower. It absorbs fluids and electrolytes and stores waste in pouches before elimination. It includes the cecum containing the appendix, the colon divided into ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid portions, and the rectum and anal canal.
Colon and Rectum Surgical Anatomy and Physiology
The document summarizes the surgical anatomy and physiology of the colon and rectum. It discusses the arterial supply to different parts of the colon from the terminal ileum to the sigmoid colon. It also describes the venous supply and how infections can spread. The physiology section covers fermentation in the colon and absorption of water, sodium, potassium and short chain fatty acids. For the rectum, it outlines the arterial supply from branches of the internal pudendal and internal iliac arteries. Investigation methods like radiology, endoscopy, colonoscopy and CT scans are mentioned.
Secretions of small intestine
The small intestine has four layers and is divided into three regions: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Its interior walls contain circular folds, villi, and microvilli that greatly increase its surface area for nutrient absorption. The small intestine secretes enzymes like enterokinase in the duodenum as well as hormones like gastrin, cholecystokinin, and secretin from endocrine cells in response to food constituents. These secretions aid in digestion and regulate secretions from other organs to maximize nutrient absorption in the small intestine.
Large intestine
The large intestine is located in the abdomen and is the final section of the gastrointestinal tract. It is around 1.5 meters long and functions to absorb water from undigested waste and move waste through the colon until it is expelled from the body. The large intestine consists of the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus. It is supplied by blood vessels that branch from the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries and drains into the hepatic portal vein.
Small intestine
The small intestine is divided into three sections - the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. It contains finger-like projections called villi that increase the absorptive surface area. Villi contain capillaries that absorb nutrients from digested food. Goblet cells in the intestinal lining secrete mucus, and Paneth cells secrete antibacterial agents to protect the intestine. The small intestine completes digestion and absorbs most nutrients from food.
Biology (Gall Bladder)
The document discusses the gallbladder and provides information about its location, functions, risks factors for disease, and some conditions related to the gallbladder. Specifically:
- The gallbladder is located under the liver in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen and stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver to help digest and absorb fats.
- Risk factors for gallbladder disease include older age, being female and overweight, and having a diet high in fat and sugar or being obese.
- Conditions discussed include cholecystitis (inflammation), gallbladder cancer, cholesterolosis (strawberry gallbladder), gallstones, and gallbladder polyps.
Small intestine (3)
The small intestine absorbs nutrients and digests food. It measures around 6 meters long and 2.5-3 meters wide. It is divided into the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Digestive enzymes break down proteins into amino acids, fats into fatty acids and glycerol, and some carbohydrates into simple sugars. Absorption then occurs as the digested molecules pass into surrounding blood vessels and are transported to the body. The small intestine typically takes 3-6 hours to pass a meal through fully.
Intestinal anatomy and physiology
The document describes the anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract. It discusses the general functions and organization of the GIT, as well as the layers of the digestive tract wall. It describes the nervous and hormonal regulation of GI functions. It provides details on the small intestine, large intestine, pancreas, and biliary system - including their structure, functions, secretions, movements, and regulation. The document is intended to teach the key concepts of GIT physiology.
GI anatomy review
This document contains numerous unlabeled diagrams and images of gastrointestinal anatomy. It includes sections on the GI tract, vasculature, stomach, pelvis, abdominal wall, and cross sections of the abdomen at various levels. There are also practice questions asking to identify structures, their branches or sections, and relationships between vessels. The document appears to be a review of GI anatomy intended for medical students.
The large intestine by Pandian M.
This PPT for all Medicos and Non medical Students for better understanding of Large intestine education purpose only
Large intestine by Pandian M
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SECRETIONS OF LARGE INTESTINE
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DIETARY FIBER
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Colon/Large Intestine.
The large intestine extends from the small intestine to the anus. It is composed of the cecum, colon, and rectum. The colon can be divided into four parts - ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid. It absorbs water from digested food and forms feces. Diseases that can affect the large intestine include colorectal cancer, colonic polyps, ulcerative colitis, diverticulitis, and irritable bowel syndrome.
Small intestine physiology
The small intestine is responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients. It is made up of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The small intestine contains finger-like villi covered in microvilli that increase surface area for absorption. Glands including crypts of Lieberkuhn and Brunner's glands secrete enzymes and mucus. Movement patterns in the small intestine include segmentation contractions that mix contents, peristalsis that propels contents aborally, and villi movements that enhance absorption. Disorders can impair digestion or absorption.
The Digestive System
The document summarizes the structure and functions of the digestive system. It describes the layers of the gastrointestinal tract and the roles of organs like the liver, gallbladder and pancreas. Key functions include motility, secretion, digestion, absorption, storage and elimination of waste. Hormones and neural pathways regulate digestive processes and secretions throughout the gastrointestinal tract.
Anatomy of stomach by Neha Diwan
Anatomy of stomach. Stomach is a part digestive system from where the digestion process starts. Stomach is located in the epigastric region. Anatomy of stomach is important to identify some pathological processes related to digestion and digestive system.
Gross anatomy & histology of ileum, jejunum
This document provides an overview of the gross anatomy and histology of parts of the small and large intestines. It discusses the learning objectives which are to identify the segments of the small intestines, gross features of the large intestines, and histological features of the ileum, jejunum, appendix and colon. For each section, it describes the key anatomical structures and features. Diagrams and ultrasound images are also included to illustrate aspects of the gross anatomy.
Development of Hepatobiliary System
This document summarizes the development of the human biliary system and liver. It describes how the septum transversum forms an initial partition in the body cavity. It also discusses how the hepatic bud develops from the foregut and grows into the septum transversum, forming the liver and gallbladder. The vitelline and umbilical veins break down within the septum transversum to form the liver sinusoids. The document concludes by outlining some common congenital anomalies that can occur in the development of the biliary system and liver.
Digestive Part 2
The document summarizes the key parts and functions of the digestive system. It describes the small intestine absorbing most nutrients and transporting waste to the large intestine. It then details the liver processing nutrients and filtering blood, before waste is expelled by the large intestine and rectum.
small intestine (Jujenum ,ileum)
small intestine. parts . jujenum, ilieum, Malt, difference between jejunum and ilieum, mesentry, mesocolon, blood supply of small intetsine, arterial arcades, vesa recta, superior mesenteric vessles, meckels diverticulum,
Large intestine ANATOMY
anatomy of large intestine, its section, ceacum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, functions of large intestine , relations of each components of large intestine, carddinal siggns of large intestine, iliocecal junstion, difference between large and small intestine. abdominal angina, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric artery, lymphatic drainage, colonoscophy,
What specialised feature of small intestine account for
The specialized features of the small intestine that enable efficient absorption of digested food include villi and microvilli. The villi are finger-like projections lining the ileum that are richly supplied with blood capillaries and lacteals. The microvilli further increase the absorptive surface area. Sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids are absorbed into the bloodstream or lacteals by diffusion or active transport. Fats are recombined into lipoproteins within the villi and transported to the bloodstream.
Large intestine
The large intestine comes after the small intestine and measures approximately 1.5 meters. It absorbs water and nutrients from waste and protects the body from infections. The large intestine consists of the cecum, colon (ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid sections), rectum, and anal canal. It removes remaining water from digested food and stores waste until defecation through contractions that move waste to the rectum for elimination.
large intestine
This document provides information on the anatomy, physiology, diseases, and surgical treatment of the large intestine. It discusses the segments of the large intestine, including the cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon. Common conditions that may require surgery include obstruction of the colon due to carcinoma, diverticular disease, or inflammatory disorders. Surgical options for treating an obstructed colon include resection with primary anastomosis or resection with a temporary or permanent colostomy. Staging of colon cancer is also outlined from Stage 0 through Stage IV.
Large Intestines (Anatomy of the Abdomen)
This document describes the anatomy and structures of the large intestine including the cecum, vermiform appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum. It discusses the location, blood supply, lymph drainage, peritoneal coverings, and relationships to surrounding structures of each part of the large intestine. The document is authored by Dr. Sherif Fahmy and appears to be lecture notes on the anatomy of the large intestine.
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Large intestine
The large intestine is located in the abdomen and is the final section of the gastrointestinal tract. It is around 1.5 meters long and functions to absorb water from undigested waste and move waste through the colon until it is expelled from the body. The large intestine consists of the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus. It is supplied by blood vessels that branch from the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries and drains into the hepatic portal vein.
Small intestine
The small intestine is divided into three sections - the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. It contains finger-like projections called villi that increase the absorptive surface area. Villi contain capillaries that absorb nutrients from digested food. Goblet cells in the intestinal lining secrete mucus, and Paneth cells secrete antibacterial agents to protect the intestine. The small intestine completes digestion and absorbs most nutrients from food.
Biology (Gall Bladder)
The document discusses the gallbladder and provides information about its location, functions, risks factors for disease, and some conditions related to the gallbladder. Specifically:
- The gallbladder is located under the liver in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen and stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver to help digest and absorb fats.
- Risk factors for gallbladder disease include older age, being female and overweight, and having a diet high in fat and sugar or being obese.
- Conditions discussed include cholecystitis (inflammation), gallbladder cancer, cholesterolosis (strawberry gallbladder), gallstones, and gallbladder polyps.
Small intestine (3)
The small intestine absorbs nutrients and digests food. It measures around 6 meters long and 2.5-3 meters wide. It is divided into the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Digestive enzymes break down proteins into amino acids, fats into fatty acids and glycerol, and some carbohydrates into simple sugars. Absorption then occurs as the digested molecules pass into surrounding blood vessels and are transported to the body. The small intestine typically takes 3-6 hours to pass a meal through fully.
Intestinal anatomy and physiology
The document describes the anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract. It discusses the general functions and organization of the GIT, as well as the layers of the digestive tract wall. It describes the nervous and hormonal regulation of GI functions. It provides details on the small intestine, large intestine, pancreas, and biliary system - including their structure, functions, secretions, movements, and regulation. The document is intended to teach the key concepts of GIT physiology.
GI anatomy review
This document contains numerous unlabeled diagrams and images of gastrointestinal anatomy. It includes sections on the GI tract, vasculature, stomach, pelvis, abdominal wall, and cross sections of the abdomen at various levels. There are also practice questions asking to identify structures, their branches or sections, and relationships between vessels. The document appears to be a review of GI anatomy intended for medical students.
The large intestine by Pandian M.
This PPT for all Medicos and Non medical Students for better understanding of Large intestine education purpose only
Large intestine by Pandian M
FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY
SECRETIONS OF LARGE INTESTINE
FUNCTIONS OF LARGE INTESTINE
DIETARY FIBER
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
Digestive system part 3 (small and large intestine) english
these slides are prepared to understand digestive system IN EASY WAY
Important links- NOTES- https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/
youtube channel
https://www.youtube.com/c/MYSTUDENTSU...
CHANEL PLAYLIST-
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPM3VTGVUXIeswKJ3XGaD2p
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPyslPNdIJoVjiXEDTVEDzs
CHILD HEALTH NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gANcslmv0DXg6BWmWN359Gvg
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ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPkI6LvfS8Zu1nm6mZi9FK6
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facebook group NURSING NOTES- https://www.facebook.com/groups/24139...
FOR MAKING EASY NOTES YOU CAN ALSO VISIT MY BLOG –
BLOGGER- https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/
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#small, #large ,#intestine ,#BORN,#ASSESSMENT, #APPEARENCE,#PULSE,#GRIMACE,#REFLEX,#RESPIRATION,#RESUSCITATION,#NEWBORN,#BABY,#VIRGINIA, #APGAR, #OXYGEN,#CYANOSIS,#OPTICNERVE, #SARACHNA,#MYSTUDENTSUPPORTSYSTEM, #rashes,#nursingclasses, #communityhealthnursing,#ANM, #GNM, #BSCNURING,#NURSINGSTUDENTS, #WHO,#NURSINGINSTITUTION,#COLLEGEOFNURSING,#nursingofficer,#COMMUNITYHEALTHOFFICER
Colon/Large Intestine.
The large intestine extends from the small intestine to the anus. It is composed of the cecum, colon, and rectum. The colon can be divided into four parts - ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid. It absorbs water from digested food and forms feces. Diseases that can affect the large intestine include colorectal cancer, colonic polyps, ulcerative colitis, diverticulitis, and irritable bowel syndrome.
Small intestine physiology
The small intestine is responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients. It is made up of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The small intestine contains finger-like villi covered in microvilli that increase surface area for absorption. Glands including crypts of Lieberkuhn and Brunner's glands secrete enzymes and mucus. Movement patterns in the small intestine include segmentation contractions that mix contents, peristalsis that propels contents aborally, and villi movements that enhance absorption. Disorders can impair digestion or absorption.
The Digestive System
The document summarizes the structure and functions of the digestive system. It describes the layers of the gastrointestinal tract and the roles of organs like the liver, gallbladder and pancreas. Key functions include motility, secretion, digestion, absorption, storage and elimination of waste. Hormones and neural pathways regulate digestive processes and secretions throughout the gastrointestinal tract.
Anatomy of stomach by Neha Diwan
Anatomy of stomach. Stomach is a part digestive system from where the digestion process starts. Stomach is located in the epigastric region. Anatomy of stomach is important to identify some pathological processes related to digestion and digestive system.
Gross anatomy & histology of ileum, jejunum
This document provides an overview of the gross anatomy and histology of parts of the small and large intestines. It discusses the learning objectives which are to identify the segments of the small intestines, gross features of the large intestines, and histological features of the ileum, jejunum, appendix and colon. For each section, it describes the key anatomical structures and features. Diagrams and ultrasound images are also included to illustrate aspects of the gross anatomy.
Development of Hepatobiliary System
This document summarizes the development of the human biliary system and liver. It describes how the septum transversum forms an initial partition in the body cavity. It also discusses how the hepatic bud develops from the foregut and grows into the septum transversum, forming the liver and gallbladder. The vitelline and umbilical veins break down within the septum transversum to form the liver sinusoids. The document concludes by outlining some common congenital anomalies that can occur in the development of the biliary system and liver.
Digestive Part 2
The document summarizes the key parts and functions of the digestive system. It describes the small intestine absorbing most nutrients and transporting waste to the large intestine. It then details the liver processing nutrients and filtering blood, before waste is expelled by the large intestine and rectum.
small intestine (Jujenum ,ileum)
small intestine. parts . jujenum, ilieum, Malt, difference between jejunum and ilieum, mesentry, mesocolon, blood supply of small intetsine, arterial arcades, vesa recta, superior mesenteric vessles, meckels diverticulum,
Large intestine ANATOMY
anatomy of large intestine, its section, ceacum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, functions of large intestine , relations of each components of large intestine, carddinal siggns of large intestine, iliocecal junstion, difference between large and small intestine. abdominal angina, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric artery, lymphatic drainage, colonoscophy,
What specialised feature of small intestine account for
The specialized features of the small intestine that enable efficient absorption of digested food include villi and microvilli. The villi are finger-like projections lining the ileum that are richly supplied with blood capillaries and lacteals. The microvilli further increase the absorptive surface area. Sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids are absorbed into the bloodstream or lacteals by diffusion or active transport. Fats are recombined into lipoproteins within the villi and transported to the bloodstream.
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Digestive system part 3 (small and large intestine) english
Digestive system part 3 (small and large intestine) english
What specialised feature of small intestine account for
What specialised feature of small intestine account for
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Large intestine
The large intestine comes after the small intestine and measures approximately 1.5 meters. It absorbs water and nutrients from waste and protects the body from infections. The large intestine consists of the cecum, colon (ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid sections), rectum, and anal canal. It removes remaining water from digested food and stores waste until defecation through contractions that move waste to the rectum for elimination.
large intestine
This document provides information on the anatomy, physiology, diseases, and surgical treatment of the large intestine. It discusses the segments of the large intestine, including the cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon. Common conditions that may require surgery include obstruction of the colon due to carcinoma, diverticular disease, or inflammatory disorders. Surgical options for treating an obstructed colon include resection with primary anastomosis or resection with a temporary or permanent colostomy. Staging of colon cancer is also outlined from Stage 0 through Stage IV.
Large Intestines (Anatomy of the Abdomen)
This document describes the anatomy and structures of the large intestine including the cecum, vermiform appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum. It discusses the location, blood supply, lymph drainage, peritoneal coverings, and relationships to surrounding structures of each part of the large intestine. The document is authored by Dr. Sherif Fahmy and appears to be lecture notes on the anatomy of the large intestine.
Lesson 15 stomach and intestines
The document discusses the process of digestion that occurs in the stomach and intestines. It begins with an activity to simulate how food is broken down in the stomach by shaking food pieces in a ziplock bag with water. Next, it explains that in the stomach, food is broken down mechanically by muscle contractions and chemically through digestive enzymes and juices. Food stays in the stomach for about four hours before moving to the small intestine as a thick liquid. Another activity simulates how nutrients pass through the walls of the intestines using a paper towel. Finally, it describes how the small intestine, about 7 meters long, further breaks down food into nutrients that are then absorbed and carried by the bloodstream to the body.
Large intestine
anatomy of large intestine all info. is from snell clinical anatomy
this lecture composed of :- cecum , appendix , colon , rectum and anal canal
with all relation (location , blood supply , lymphatic drainage and nerve supply)
Presentation1.pptx limbs
Endochondral ossification is the process by which bones form from cartilage models. It involves mesenchymal condensation, cartilage formation, invasion of blood vessels and osteoblasts, chondrocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis, and continued growth through proliferation of growth plate chondrocytes regulated by FGF signaling. Defects in FGF signaling can result in achondroplastic dwarfism from premature closure of growth plates and shortened limb bones. Much of initial limb growth and patterning occurs between 4-8 weeks of development, and disruptions during this time can lead to limb abnormalities such as amelia, meromelia, phocomelia, adactyly, ectrodact
Anatomy and Physiology: Gastrointestinal Tract
The gastrointestinal tract consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and accessory organs. Food enters the mouth and is mechanically and chemically broken down through digestion and absorption in the stomach and small intestine before waste is excreted. Accessory organs such as the liver, gallbladder and pancreas secrete enzymes and bile to aid in digestion. Disorders can disrupt these functions and cause symptoms like nausea, vomiting or diarrhea.
The Digestive System Pt. 3
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Ch11 or 13 body defenses & lymphatic system
The document discusses the immune system, including the physical barriers that protect the body, innate immunity involving white blood cells and inflammation, and adaptive immunity involving B and T cells. The lymphatic system drains fluid from tissues, transports it through lymph nodes, and returns it to the blood. Lymph nodes filter out pathogens. Adaptive immunity has specificity for different antigens, diversity in its receptor types, and memory cells that mount a quick response upon reexposure to a pathogen.
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Gall Bladder & Pancreas.
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Appendix
The document discusses the anatomy, physiology, pathology, diagnosis and treatment of appendicitis. It provides details on:
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- The progression of symptoms from initial diffuse pain to localized pain in the right lower quadrant as inflammation spreads.
- Diagnostic tests and imaging tools used to identify appendicitis including ultrasound, CT scans and leukocyte scans.
- Surgical and non-surgical treatment options for both uncomplicated and ruptured appendicitis.
Development of tetrapod limb
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Anatomy Unit 3 Notes: The Small Intestine
The small intestine is divided into three regions: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The duodenum secretes bile from the liver, pancreatic juice from the pancreas, and bicarbonate to balance pH. These secretions help to further break down proteins and lipids. Bile emulsifies lipids to aid absorption. Pancreatic juice contains enzymes that metabolize remaining biomolecules. The presence of lipids and proteins triggers the release of cholecystokinin, stimulating the release of bile and pancreatic juice into the small intestine for digestion. Absorption of nutrients occurs in the jejunum and ileum through microvilli in the smooth muscle wall.
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Appendicitis during pregnancy
This document discusses appendicitis during pregnancy. It covers the epidemiology, anatomical changes, pathophysiology, complications, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and surgery of appendicitis in pregnant patients. The key points are that appendicitis occurs in about 1 in 1500 pregnancies, symptoms can be more difficult to diagnose due to pregnancy-related changes, ultrasound and CT scan are used for diagnosis but have limitations during late pregnancy, and prompt surgical treatment is indicated to prevent complications of perforation for both the mother and fetus.
Stomach and intestines
The document summarizes the structure and function of the stomach and intestines. The stomach breaks down food, stores it, and slowly empties into the small intestine. The small intestine further breaks down food with help from the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder. The large intestine absorbs water from undigested material and passes waste. Common ailments include indigestion, diarrhea, and constipation. Proper diet, hydration, chewing, eating habits, and bowel regularity help maintain stomach health.
Lecture 11 the lymphatic system and immunity
The document summarizes key aspects of the lymphatic system and immunity. It describes the lymphatic system's role in returning excess fluid from tissues, transporting lipids, and helping immune defenses. It also outlines the two main types of immunity - innate and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity provides immediate, non-specific protection while adaptive immunity involves lymphocytes and memory cells that provide a slower but more specific response. The adaptive immune response includes both cell-mediated immunity involving T cells and antibody-mediated immunity involving B cells and antibodies.
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Human: Thank you for the summary. Summarize the following additional section of the document:
[SECTION]:
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The gastrointestinal tract, also known as the digestive tract or alimentary canal, consists of the organs that process food and expel waste. These organs include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. Accessory organs like the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder also aid in digestion. The gastrointestinal tract breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and eliminates waste. Diseases can occur in any part of the tract and include infections, cancers, inflammatory conditions, and more. Symptoms of gastrointestinal issues include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal pain.
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GIT 1 ,lec 5.pptxythffvfhfbffjfkffbfjfjrhr
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Anatomy Unit 3 Notes: The Large Intestine & Digestive Disorders
- 1. Unit 3 Notes: The Large Intestine
- 2. (1) Large Intestine Regions • Cecum = 1st Chamber • Ascending Colon = Upwards • Transverse Colon = Across • Descending Colon = Downwards • Rectum & Anus
- 4. (2) That Appendix • Sits beneath cecum • Often collects waste and bacteria Appendicitis • Functions: –Produces white blood cells and antibodies for immunity. –Used to serve a role in cellulose digestion.
- 6. (3) Passing Through the Colon… • Waste slowly moves through Large Intestine. • Water reabsorbed through microvilli. –Result = Solidified waste mass (Feces)
- 8. (4) The Rectum & Anus • Rectum = Inside part • Anus = Outside part = Butthole • Mechanism: – Remaining waste drops first into rectum – Lands on top of Involuntary Sphincter – Opens w/pressure – Lands on top of Voluntary Sphincter –Made of Skeletal Muscle that you control
- 10. (5) Diarrhea • Watery fecal waste. • Initiated when you eat something harmful or irritating. • Waste is forced through intestines too fast: – Water cannot be absorbed from waste solution. – Waste exits body extremely liquid-y.
- 13. (6) Constipation • Backed up fecal waste in the large intestine. • Typically the result of: – Overly fatty and dense waste. – Dehydration and extremely dry, brittle waste. • Waste becomes unable to easily slide through intestines.
- 16. (7) Hernia • When a small portion of the intestine tears through the abdominal muscle. • The curl of the intestine shows directly under top layer of skin. • Usually the result of excessive abdominal contracting and/or force. • Chunk of intestine must be surgically placed back into abdominal cavity, underneath muscle.
- 18. (8) Hemorrhoids • Rupturing of anal cavity blood vessels: – Typically balloon out of the anus. – However sometimes can impact colon. • Usually caused by excessive anal force or exertion… – Example: During times of crazy pooping (usually after constipation…. Yeah… I said “crazy pooping”).
- 22. (9) Canker Sore • Open wound or ulcer inside the mouth. • Result of excessive acid eating away at the oral tissue. • Can Be Caused By: – Stress – Excessive bacterial growth (producing more acid) – Eating too much acidic food
- 24. (10) Ulcer • Same as a canker sore, but in the stomach. • Same causes as with canker sores.
- 25. (12) Crohn’s Disease • Autoimmune disease. • Causes white blood cells to attack intestinal cells. – This causes sensitivity and inflammation of the intestines. – Makes it difficult to properly metabolize food, absorb nutrients, water, and excrete waste.
- 26. (13) Vomiting • The opposite of diarrhea. • Caused by eating something irritating or harmful. • Body prevents full digestion and absorption, ejecting food out of the stomach and mouth.
- 28. (14) Heartburn • The feeling of acid burning the esophageal tissue, around the heart-chest-cavity. • Due to a loose esophageal sphincter: – Stomach acid is able to easily spit out and up into the esophagus. – Can be caused by a structural defect, or eating certain preservatives/spices.