The urinary/excretory system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood, removing waste and excess nutrients and reabsorbing needed water and nutrients. The ureters carry the filtered waste to the bladder, which stores it, and the urethra allows the waste to exit the body. The kidneys contain nephrons, which include a glomerulus and renal tubule, that perform filtration, reabsorption, and secretion to form urine and regulate water and electrolyte levels in the blood. Kidney dialysis is used when the kidneys fail to filter blood and remove wastes.
Life of every organism depends on certain basic processes. Excretion is one among them. Different organisms follow different modes of excretion. In complex organisms including humans, there is a specialized system for excretion called human excretory system.
Life of every organism depends on certain basic processes. Excretion is one among them. Different organisms follow different modes of excretion. In complex organisms including humans, there is a specialized system for excretion called human excretory system.
A powerpoint on the Human Excretory System, intended for the SA Grade 11 Life Sciences Syllabus. Includes information on kidneys, osmoregulation, nephrons, excretion, etc. Hope it helps :)
The Excretory system is responsible for the elimination of wastes produced by homeostasis.
There are several parts of the body that are involved in this process, such as sweat glands, the liver, the lungs and the kidney system. ... From there, urine is expelled through the urethra and out of the body.
The urinary system's function is to filter blood and create urine as a waste by-product. The organs of the urinary system include the kidneys, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder and urethra. The body takes nutrients from food and converts them to energy.
1 GNM Anatomy - Unit - 8 Excretory system.pptxthiru murugan
By: M. Thiru murugan
Unit – 8:
Structure and functions of the kidney, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra
Formation and composition of urine.
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Structure and functions of the skin.
Regulation of the body temperature.
Excretory system:
The excretory system is performs the function of excretion
It is the process of removing the wastes
There are several parts of the body that are involved in this process such as sweat glands, the liver, the lungs and the kidney system
Kidney:
The kidneys are a bean-shaped organs - found abdominal cavity, just below the rib cage.
The right kidney is slightly lower than the left because of the position of the liver.
Every human has two kidneys.
Diagram of Renal System
Structure of kidney:
Kidney consist of 3 basic parts
Renal cortex (outer layer )
Renal medulla (inner layer )
Renal pelvis.
Renal cortex:
The renal cortex is the outer layer of the kidney, it is covered with capsule
Erythropoietin a hormone is produced in the renal cortex (Erythropoiesis)
Renal medulla:
Renal medulla is the inner layer of the kidney. The medulla consists of multiple pyramidal tissue masses, called the renal pyramids, which are triangle structures that contain a network of nephrons
Renal pelvis:
The renal pelvis contains the hilum.
The hilum is the concave part of the bean-shape where blood vessels and nerves enter and exit the kidney
It is also the point of exit for the ureters carry urine away from the kidney
Both of the ureters supply the urine into urinary bladder,
From there, urine is expelled through the urethra and out of the body.
The blood arrives at the kidney via the renal artery, renal veins collect deoxygenated blood
Nephron:
The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney.
It is composed of renal corpuscle and a renal tubule.
Parts of Nephron:
Renal corpuscle (glomerulus within bowman's capsule)
Proximal convoluted tubule
Intermediate tubule (loop of Henle)
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting ducts
1. The Glomerulus:
The glomerulus is receives blood supply from an afferent arteriole of the renal circulation.
Here, fluid and solutes are filtered out of the blood and into the space made by Bowman’s capsule.
A group of specialized cells known as juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) are located around the afferent arteriole where it enters the renal corpuscle. The JGA secretes an enzyme called renin, it is involved in the process of blood volume homeostasis (Bp).
2. Proximal Convoluted Tubule:
The proximal tubule is the first site of water reabsorption into the bloodstream, and the site where the majority of water and salt reabsorption takes place.
3. The Loop of Henle:
The loop of Henle is a U-shaped tube that consists of a descending limb and ascending limb. It transfers fluid from the proximal to the distal tubule
4. Distal Convoluted Tubule:
The distal convoluted tubule is the final site of reabsorption in the nephron.
5. Collecting Duct:
The collecting duct
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
5. (3) Kidney Functions
• Excretion of nitrogenous wastes
• Maintain water concentration of
blood
• Maintain electrolyte
concentration of blood
• Regulate blood pH (H ion levels)
6. (4) Ureter, Bladder &
Urethra Function
• Ureters = Tubes which carry filtered
“liquid waste” towards the bladder.
• Bladder = Storage tank for filtered
“liquid waste”.
• Urethra = Tube which allows filtered
“liquid waste” to exit body.
7.
8. (5) Kidneys & Blood Supply
• Kidneys use 20% of body’s blood
• Renal Artery = Entering
oxygenated blood
• Renal Vein = Exiting deox. Blood
• All blood is filtered through
nephrons.
9.
10. (6) Nephrons
• 2 Main Structures:
– Glomerulus Bundle of capillaries w/
blood to be filtered.
– Renal Tubule Tubes following
capillaries, which collect filtered contents
• Bowman’s Capsule = Portion of tubule
where initial filtration and absorption
occurs
11.
12.
13. (7) Urine Formation
• Filtration:
– Water + Small Solutes are forced through capillary
walls into Bowman’s Capsule.
• Reabsorption:
– Water, Glucose, Amino Acids & Ions that were filtered
out are actively transported back into capillaries and
blood.
• Secretion:
– H ions, K ions, urea, and drugs/toxins are forced
through capillary walls into renal tubule.
14.
15. (8) Anatomy of Urine
Formation
• Filtration Bowman’s Capsule of
Renal Tubule
• Reabsorption Proximal Tube,
Loop of Henle & Distal Tubule of
Renal Tubule
• Secretion Distal Tubule of Renal
Tubule
16.
17. (9) Nitrogenous Wastes
• Urea: Byproduct of protein
metabolism in the liver.
• Uric Acid: Byproduct of nucleic
acid metabolism.
• Creatinine: Byproduct of creatine
metabolism in muscle tissue.
18. (10) Regulating Drops in
Blood Pressure
• Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) from Pituitary:
– Increases water reabsorption from renal tubule.
• Aldosterone from Kidney:
– Increases water retention in blood by
reabsorbing more sodium from renal tubule.
• Angiotensin II from Blood:
– Causes vasoconstriction, increasing blood
pressure
19. (11) Don’t Pee It Out…
• Glucose Chill out on sweets OR Diabetic?!
• Protein Increased Physical Activity &
Pregnancy OR Hypertension & Nephron
Disease?!
• Pus Urinary Tract Infection
• Blood Kidney Stones, Infection, Trauma,
Anemia ?!
• Bile Liver Disease?!
20. (12) Kidney Dialysis
• Used in hospitals when kidneys fail (stop working)
• Blood is filtered through mechanical pump +
tubing which regulates contents
• Causes for Kidney Failure:
– Repeated kidney infections
– Physical Trauma
– Heavy Metal / Chemical poisoning
– Low Blood delivery (arteriosclerosis)
