This document provides an overview of the peritoneum, including its:
- Anatomy as a serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering organs
- Histology consisting of 6 layers including mesothelium
- Parts including the parietal peritoneum lining the abdominal wall, visceral peritoneum covering organs, and peritoneal cavity space
It describes structures formed by the peritoneum like the omentum, mesentery, and ligaments. It outlines the peritoneum's functions like supporting organ movement, protecting organs, absorbing fluid, and facilitating dialysis.
describes about peritoneal cavity and clinical importance of it. it describes in deatils about lesser sac, greater sac, pouch of Morrison, pouch of Douglas.
describes about peritoneal cavity and clinical importance of it. it describes in deatils about lesser sac, greater sac, pouch of Morrison, pouch of Douglas.
The main artery of the lower limb is the femoral artery. It is a continuation of the external iliac artery (terminal branch of the abdominal aorta). The external iliac becomes the femoral artery when it crosses under the inguinal ligament and enters the femoral triangle.
In the femoral triangle, the profunda femoris artery arises from the posterolateral aspect of the femoral artery. It travels posteriorly and distally, giving off three main branches:
Perforating branches – Consists of three or four arteries that perforate the adductor magnus, contributing to the supply of the muscles in the medial and posterior thigh.
Lateral femoral circumflex artery – Wraps round the anterior, lateral side of the femur, supplying some of the muscles on the lateral aspect of the thigh.
Medial femoral circumflex artery – Wraps round the posterior side of the femur, supplying its neck and head. In a fracture of the femoral neck this artery can easily be damaged, and avascular necrosis of the femur head can occur.
Describe the structure and formation of the peritoneum with its developmental incorporation.
Demonstrate the destribution of peritoneum.
Correlate some clinical condition to its function and structure.
Presented by-
Dr. Subarna Das
Resident, MS Anatomy
Phase-A, Year-1, Block-2
Guided by-
Dr. K M Shamim
Prof. Department of Anatomy
BSMMU
The main artery of the lower limb is the femoral artery. It is a continuation of the external iliac artery (terminal branch of the abdominal aorta). The external iliac becomes the femoral artery when it crosses under the inguinal ligament and enters the femoral triangle.
In the femoral triangle, the profunda femoris artery arises from the posterolateral aspect of the femoral artery. It travels posteriorly and distally, giving off three main branches:
Perforating branches – Consists of three or four arteries that perforate the adductor magnus, contributing to the supply of the muscles in the medial and posterior thigh.
Lateral femoral circumflex artery – Wraps round the anterior, lateral side of the femur, supplying some of the muscles on the lateral aspect of the thigh.
Medial femoral circumflex artery – Wraps round the posterior side of the femur, supplying its neck and head. In a fracture of the femoral neck this artery can easily be damaged, and avascular necrosis of the femur head can occur.
Describe the structure and formation of the peritoneum with its developmental incorporation.
Demonstrate the destribution of peritoneum.
Correlate some clinical condition to its function and structure.
Presented by-
Dr. Subarna Das
Resident, MS Anatomy
Phase-A, Year-1, Block-2
Guided by-
Dr. K M Shamim
Prof. Department of Anatomy
BSMMU
محاضرة دكتورة نورا الطحاوى للفرقة الاولى كلية الطب البشرى
يوم الاحد 17 ابريل 2011س
Lectures of Anatomy by Dr. Noura El Tahawy for first year Faculty of Medicine, El Minia University. 17-4-211
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4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
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The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
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Anatomy of peritoneum
1. By :
Dr. Ahmed Salah younes
Nephrologist at Rustaq Hospital
2. Introduction :
Greek peritonaion = stretch around
The peritoneum is a continuous serous membrane which
lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal
organs .
It acts to support the viscera, and provides a pathway for
blood vessels and lymph..
The total membrane area includes the visceral
peritoneum (60%) , peritoneal covering the mesentery
and omental surfaces (30%) and the parital
peritoneum (10%)
3. Histology :
The peritoneal membrane is
comprised of six layers
consisting of the
1- capillary fluid film,
2- capillary endothelium,
3- endothelial basement
membrane
4- interstitium,
5- mesothelium
6- the fluid film .
N.B : mesothelium :consist of a
layer of simple squamous
epithelial cells
4.
5. Parts of peritonium
The peritoneum consists of :
A- the parietal peritoneum
a heterogeneous, serous, semi-permeable membrane that
lines the abdominal wall
B- the visceral peritoneum
which covers the abdominal organs
C- Peritoneal cavity
Its surface area is approximately 1-2 m2
In males, the peritoneum is a closed-sac system, whereas in
females it is an open-sac system with the fallopian tubes
and ovaries connecting to the peritoneal cavity
6. 1- Parietal Peritoneum :
The parietal peritoneum lines the
internal surface of the
abdominopelvic wall.
It is derived from somatic
mesoderm in the embryo.
It receives the same somatic nerve
supply as the region of the
abdominal wall that it lines,
therefore pain from the parietal
peritoneum is well localised and it
is sensitive to pressure, pain,
laceration and temperature.
The parietal peritoneum derives its
blood supply from the abdominal
wall (lumbar, intercostals, and
epigastric regions) and drains into
the inferior vena cava, while
7. 2- Visceral Peritoneum :
The visceral peritoneum invaginates to cover the majority
of the abdominal viscera.
It is derived from splanchnic mesoderm in the embryo.
the visceral peritoneum receives its blood supply from the
superior mesenteric artery and drains into the portal
vein. The total peritoneal blood flow ranges from 50–150
mL/min.
The visceral peritoneum has the same nerve supply as the
viscera it invests. Unlike the parietal peritoneum, pain from
the visceral peritoneum is poorly localised and is only
sensitive to stretch and chemical irritation.
8. 3- Peritoneal Cavity :
The peritoneal cavity is a potential
space between the parietal and visceral
peritoneum. It contains a small amount
of lubricating fluid.
The peritoneal cavity located between
the parietal and visceral peritoneum2,
contains approximately 100 mL of serous
fluid1 and becomes the dialysate
compartment during peritoneal dialysis
(PD) from which exchange of solutes
with the blood can occur.
The peritoneal cavity is divided broadly
in to parts :
A- Greater sac : main large part
B- Lesser sac small part situated
behined stomach , lesser omentum &
liver
C- two sac communicated through the
epiploic foramen (of winslow)
9. Drainage of the peritoneal cavity is mainly
accomplished by the lymphatic system.
Importantly, the subdiaphragmatic lymphatic system
is responsible for 70-80% of the lymphatic flow from
the peritoneal cavity.
The lymphatic system also serves as a pathway for the
removal of foreign substances and macromolecules.
In stable patients undergoing PD, the rate of
lymphatic flow varies from 7-20 mL/hr with total fluid
losses between 60-91 mL/hr3.
10. Structures which are formed by
peritoneum
1- Omentum:
The omentum is a double layer of peritoneum that extends from the
stomach and proximal part of the duodenum to other abdominal
organs.
A- Greater Omentum:
The greater omentum consists of four layers of peritoneum. It descends
from the greater curvature of the stomach and proximal part of the
duodenum, then folds back up and attaches to the anterior surface of
the transverse colon.
It has a role in immunity and is sometimes referred to as the
‘abdominal policeman’ because it can migrate to infected viscera.
11. B- Lesser Omentum :
The lesser omentum is considerably
smaller and attaches from the lesser
curvature of the stomach and the
proximal part of the duodenum to
the liver. It consists of two parts:
the hepatogastric ligament and the
hepatoduodenal ligament.
C- Omental foramen :
Behined the right border of
hepatoduodenal ligament
Superior- caudate lobe of liver
Inferior – superior part of
duodenum
Anterior-hepatodudenal ligament
Posterior-peritoneum covering the
inferior vena cava
12. 2- Mesentery
A mesentery is double layer of visceral
peritoneum.
It connects an intraperitoneal organ to
the (usually) posterior abdominal wall.
It provides a pathway for nerves, blood
vessels and lymphatics from the body
wall to the viscera.
Mesentery related to the
gastrointestinal system is named
according to the viscera
A- Mesoappendix : trianguler mesentery
from ileum to appendix
B- Transverse mesocolon : transverse
colon to posterior abd wall
C- sigmoid mesocolon inverted v shaped
with apex located in front of left ureter
and division of common iliac artery
13. 3-Peritoneal Ligaments
A peritoneal ligament is a double fold of peritoneum that
connects viscera together or connects viscera to the
abdominal wall, for example the hepatogastric ligament
which connects the liver to the stomach.
A- Ligament of liver :
1- Falciform ligament of liver
2- coronary ligament :
3- left and right trianguler ligaments
4- hepatogasteic ligamint
5- hepatoduodeenal ligament
6- ligamentum tereshepatis
17. Peritoneal subdivisions
The transverse colon and transverse mesocolon divides the great sac into :
1- supracolic compartment:
lie between diaphragmatic and transverse colon and transverse mesocolon
B- suprahepatic recess :
C- Lt supra hepatic recesses :
D- Rt supra- hepatic recesses
E- infra hepatic recess ‘
2- infra colic compartment :
A- Rt para colic sulcus
B- Lt para colic sulcus
C- Rt mesentric sinus
D- Lt mesentric sinus
18. Function of the Peritoneum
1- Movement of viscera
A- permits peristalsis of stomach and intestine
B- Abdominal movement during respiration
C- free movement of abdominal viscera
2- Protect of viscera :
A- Gaured against infection by phagocyte
B- provide celluler & humeral immuonological defense
C- greater omentum has the power to move towards site of
infection ((policeman of abdomen ))
19. 3- Absorption :
- It can absorb fluid effusion to blood capillaryies
- The greater absorptiove power of the subpherenic area
due to large surface area and respiratory movement
4- Dialysis :
Metabolices like urea can be removed from the blood in
PD