Radiological anatomy of abdominal spaces ...pathway of tumor and infection s...Ahmed Bahnassy
The lecture combines gross anatomy with cross sectional imaging in evaluation of different abdominal and pelvic cavities and recesses.This will explain the routes of spread of infection or malignancies.
describes about peritoneal cavity and clinical importance of it. it describes in deatils about lesser sac, greater sac, pouch of Morrison, pouch of Douglas.
Radiological anatomy of abdominal spaces ...pathway of tumor and infection s...Ahmed Bahnassy
The lecture combines gross anatomy with cross sectional imaging in evaluation of different abdominal and pelvic cavities and recesses.This will explain the routes of spread of infection or malignancies.
describes about peritoneal cavity and clinical importance of it. it describes in deatils about lesser sac, greater sac, pouch of Morrison, pouch of Douglas.
محاضرة دكتورة نورا الطحاوى للفرقة الاولى كلية الطب البشرى
يوم الاحد 17 ابريل 2011س
Lectures of Anatomy by Dr. Noura El Tahawy for first year Faculty of Medicine, El Minia University. 17-4-211
م
The Top Skills That Can Get You Hired in 2017LinkedIn
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Your peritoneum is a membrane that lines the inside of your abdomen and pelvis (parietal layer). It also covers many of your organs inside (visceral layer). The space in between these layers is called your peritoneal cavity.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
2. Peritonum
THE PERITONEUM IS A THIN TRANSLUCENT ,SEROUS MEMBRANE LINED
BY MESOTHELIAL CELL
THE PART THAT COVERS THE ABDOMINAL WALL IS CALLED THE PARIETAL
PERITONEUM
THE PART WHICH COVERS THE VISCUS IS CALLED THE VISCERAL
PERITONEUM
3. Definitions
LIGAMENT
-Two folds of peritoneum
-supporting structers
Mysentry
-two folds of peritoneum
-connecting to posterior abdominal wall
Omentum
- Connecting the stomach to other organs
12. The gastro splenic ligament
Connects the stomach to spleen
contains the short gastric vessels
It’s a major route of escape for
pancreatitis arising in the peripheral
body &tail
13.
14. Spleno renal ligament
Posterior aspect of spleen to anterior
pararenal space
Forms post-lat border of lesser sac
encloses tail of pancreas& distal
splenic artery
15. ligaments of lower abdomen
Transverse
mesocolon
Small bowel
mesentry
Sigmoid mesocolon
16. Peritoneal spaces
potential space between the parietal & visceral peritoneum
contains a film that of fluid that lubricates the surface of the
peritoneum
not depicted on conventional radiologic studies or by cross
secectional imaging unless they are distended by fluid or air
17. -In men, the peritoneal cavity is
closed,
- in women, it communicates with
the extraperitoneal pelvis exteriorly
through the fallopian tubes, uterus
and vagina
18. Transverse mesocolon divides the
space in to
-supramesocolic
-inframesocolic
bilateral paracolic & pelvic spaces
are also peritoneal spaces
20. Supramesocolic space
Right
-rightsubphrenic(subdiaphragmatic)
-rightsubhepatic(hepatorenal or mrrisons
pouch)
Lesser sac (omental bursa)
Left
-left perihepatic space
-left subdiaphragmatic space
21. Left sided peritoneal spaces
Perihepatic spaces-
Two left perihepatic spaces
The anterior perihepatic space
The posterior perihepatic
22. Left Subphrenic space
diaphragm ant& lat, stomach
post.
communicates with the post
subphrenic(perisplenic) space
The perisplenic space
surrounds most of the spleen
except for a portion of spleen
lying within the splenorenal
ligament
23. Right sided supra mesocolic spaces
The right sub
diaphragmatic space is
limited anteriorly by the
falciform ligament and
posteriorly by the hepatic
bare area .
Collections in this space
deform the surface of the
liver
24. Hepatorenal space –morrisons pouch
Just beneath the bare area the right
peritoneal space courses between
the posterior surface of segment 6
and the anterior renal fascia on its
way to the epiploic foramen
.
This relativel;y small potential space is
referred as to the hepato renal fossa
It is the most dependent portion of
the right supramesocolic spaces
25.
26. Lesser sac
Lies behind the stomach
Ant to pancreas
Left margin-gastro splenic ligament
Right margin –medial surface of coronary
ligament
Caudal boundary –gastrocolic
reflection&mesocolon
27. Lesser sac
Superior recess-behind
stomach,lesser omentum& left lobe
Inf recess-lies behind the
stomach,extending into the layers
of GO
The sup & inf recess are separated by
a peritoneal fold that accompanies
the left gastric artery
29. Foramen of winslow
Communication betn the greater & lesser
sac.
Ant margin –hepatoduodenal ligament
Roof-peritoneum covering caudate lobe
Post margin-peritoneum covering IVC
Floor-peritoneum covering 1st part of
duodenum
31. Inframesocolic spaces
lies below the transverse mesocolon and transverse colon as far as the true pelvis.
divided in two unequal spaces by the root of the mesentery of the small intestine.
It contains the right and left paracolic gutters lateral to the ascending and descending colon.
32. Smaller RIC is restricted inferiorly
by the junction of the distal small
bowel mesentry with the cecum
LIC opens into pelvis eccept
where it is bounded by the
sigmoid mesocolon
The paracolic gutters are located
lateral to the peritoneal
reflections of the ac&dc,the Rt
communicates freely with the
right supramesocolic spaces, Lt is
limited by the phrenicocolic
ligament
33. Pelvic peritoneal spaces
The most dependent portion of the
peritoneal spaces in supine & erect
positions is in the pelvis
In males the rectovesical space lies
between the anterior mesorectal fascia &
post wall of the bladder
In females the retrouterine space (pouch
of douglas) lies betwn uterine wall & ant
mesorectal fascia
34.
35. Peritoneal circulation
Water shed areas for fluid
collection
Ileocolic region,root of
sigmoid,pouch of douglas
Majority of the fluid is
cleared at the subphrenic
space by mesothelial
lymphatics
Editor's Notes
and
Illustrations show the embryologic development of the dorsal and ventral mesentery at weeks 4 (left), 5 (center), and 6 (right) of gestation, in which the ventral part of the ventral mesentery becomes the falciform ligament (1), the dorsal part of the ventral mesentery becomes the lesser omentum (2), the ventral part of the dorsal mesentery becomes the gastrosplenic ligament (3), and the dorsal part of the dorsal mesentery becomes the splenorenal ligament (4). The liver (L) also arises in the ventral mesentery, whereas the stomach (St), spleen (Sp), and pancreatic tail (P) develop in the dorsal mesentery. As the liver expands in the 5th and 6th weeks of gestation, the stomach and spleen are pushed to the left, and the pancreatic tail fuses with the retroperitoneum.
At the posterior limit, or apex, of the falciform ligament, the two layers are also reflected vertically left and right, and are continuous with the anterior layers of the left triangular ligament and the superior layer of the coronary ligament of the liver. The inferior aspect of the falciform ligament forms a free border where the two peritoneal layers become continuous with each other as they fold over to enclose the ligamentum teres. Because the peritoneum of the falciform ligament is continuous with that covering the posterior abdominal wall and the periumbilical anterior abdominal wall, blood arising from retroperitoneal haemorrhage (commonly acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis) may track between the folds of peritoneum and appear as haemorrhagic discolouration around the umbilicus (Cullen's sign). Inflammatory change from the pancreas may spread via the gastrohepatic ligament (lesser omentum) and then via the falciform ligament to the umbilicus.
Falciform ligament is outlined by ascites in this patient with hepatic failure.there is fluid in the anterior peri hepatic space and in the right sub phrenic space (rsps)
Lpss (post sub phrenic space )
Until the 8th embryoic week ,this part of the ventral anlage of the pancreas,hence the hapatoduodenal ligament is a route of spread of pancreatic disease to the porta hepatis and liver
Gastric cancer has produced extensive lobar mass that extends from stomach to ghl ligament identified by the left gastric artery (lga0
Left posterior perihepatic space (lpp)is always paralle to lesser curvature of the stomach& is limited postly and on the right by gastrohepatic ligament
Left posterior perihepatic space (lpp)is always paralle to lesser curvature of the stomach& is limited postlyand on the right by gastrohepatic ligament
Betv st & diaphragm lies the left anterior subphrenic space (las),which extend posteriorly to surrounfd yhe spleenin the left post sub phrenic space
Right sub phrenic space(rs) courses between the liver and the right hemi diaphragm
Coronal reformatted image in pt with ascites shows fluid between the right haemi diaphragm and the liver.this is continuous with fluid in the hepato renal recess on the inferior surface iof liver ,superior to RK 7 fat in the perirenal space (prs0
Oblique coronal image in pt with ascites showas the the inferior recess (irsl)bounded by the ST Superiorly,the gastrocolic ligament on the ;left ,the transvesre mesocolon inferiorly.on the right it is open to the superior recess of lesser sac (srls)which empties into the hepato renal recess(hr)
B-Sagital reformatted image in the same patient shows the inferior recess of lesser sasc( irsl)bounded sup by ST, Post by spleno renal ligament& inferiorly by the transverse mesocolon
Lies between the ivc,and pv
Supravesical fossa is crossed on both sides by the medial umbiliocal ligamrnts(mul)which separate it from the inguinal spaces.the inguinal spaces are divided by lateral umbilical fold,which contains the inferior epigastric artery(iea)into medial &latera(mif)&(,in women the uterus separetes the postly located recto vesical pouchfrom supra vesical fossalif)
