This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. It describes the structures and parts of each region, including the palate, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach sections like the fundus and pyloric antrum, and duodenum parts. It also outlines the nerves, blood supply, muscles and other key details of each area.

1. Anatomy practical 1
(Anatomy of Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach & Duodenum)
By :
Osama Al-Zahrani
@OSAMA_Z96
Video :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pgBnOtHAeXI

2. Anatomy of Mouth cavity
Roof : Palate
Floor : Diaphragma oris
Cheeks Cheeks
Vestibule
Tongue
* Vestibule of the mouth cavity :
Receive the secretion of parotid duct

3. Anatomy of Mouth & Pharynx
Pharyngeal opining of
auditory (Eustachian) tube
Tubal elevation :
Salpingopharyngeal fold
Pharyngeal Tonsil
(Adenoid)
Palatine sinus contain
palatine tonsil
Hard palate
Palatine Uvula
Tubal elevation formed
by tubal tonsil
The Mouth opining
Teeth of the lower Jaw
Teeth of the upper Jaw
Tongue

4. Anatomy of Pharynx
Epiglottis
Oropharynx
Nasopharynx
Piriform fossa
Pharynx
wall
Laryngopharynx

5. Anatomy of Pharynx
• Muscles :
3 Constrictor (circular) muscles :
1- Superior muscle.
2- Middle muscle.
3- Inferior muscle.
3 Longitudinal muscles :
1- Palatopharyngal muscle.
2- Salpingopharyngal muscle.
3- Stylopharyngeus muscle.
- Nerve innervation :
All innervated by pharyngeal plexus, except Stylopharyngeus which innervated by glossopharyngeal nerve.

6. Anatomy of Tongue
(Tongue dorsum)
Anterior Tow 3rd
(Tongue base)
Posterior One 3rd
V-Shape sulcus
Circumvallate papillae
Submandibular
salivary gland
Sublingual
salivary gland
Parotid gland

7. • Muscles :
Intrinsic muscles :
1- Superior longitudinal muscle.
2- Inferior longitudinal muscle.
3- Transverse muscle.
Extrinsic muscles :
1- Styloglossus muscle.
2- Hyoglossus muscle.
3- Genioglossus muscle.
4- Palatoglossus muscle.
Anatomy of Tongue

8. • Nerve innervation :
All innervated by Hypoglossal nerve,
except Palatoglossus muscle which innervated by pharyngeal plexus.
• Arterial supply :
1- Dorsal lingual arteries.
2- Deep lingual artery.
3- Sublingual artery.
Anatomy of Tongue

9. Anatomy of Esophagus
Esophagus
Hollow muscular longitudinal tube behind the
trachea, begin from the level of the lower 6th cervical
vertebrae and pursing the diaphragm in the level of
10th thoracic vertebrae

10. Anatomy of Stomach
Cardiac notch
Esophagus
Pyloric antrum
Pyloric sphincter
Pyloric canal
Lesser curvature
Greater curvature
Abdominal part
of esophagus
Fundus Gastric folds
or Gastric rugae
Body of Stomach

11. Cardiac notch
Pyloric sphincter
Pyloric canal
Lesser curvature
Greater curvature
Abdominal part
of esophagus
Fundus
Gastric folds
or Gastric rugae
Body of StomachBody of Stomach
Pyloric antrum
Anatomy of Stomach

12. Anatomy of Stomach

13. • Parts of the stomach :
1- Cardia.
2- Fundus.
3- Body.
4- Pyloric region :
A) Pyloric antrum.
B) Pyloric canal.
C) Pyloric sphincter.
• Borders :
1- Cardiac notch.
2- Greater curvature.
3- Lesser curvature.
Anatomy of Stomach

14. • Nerve innervation :
- Parasympathetic nerve : Posterior vagal trunks, derived from the vagus nerve.
- Sympathetic nerve : T6-T9 spinal cord.
• Arterial supply :
1- On the Lesser curvature :
A) Right gastric artery.
B) Left gastric artery.
2- On the Greater curvature :
A) Short gastric artery.
B) Right gastroepiploic.
C) Left gastroepiploic.
Anatomy of Stomach

15. • Peritoneal fold related to the Stomach :
2- Greater omentum.
1- Lesser omentum.
• Clinical significance of pyloric sphincter :
- Hypertrophy of inner circular muscle layer (Congenital anomalies) cause
Projectile vomiting.
• Clinical significance of the arterial supply :
1- In case of hemorrhage :
Perfuse bleeding.
2- In case of cancer :
Bad prognosis, because of the metastasis.
Anatomy of Stomach

16. Anatomy of Duodenum
Superior First part (2 inch)
Descending Second part (3 inch)
Transverse Third part (4 inch)
Ascending Fourth part (1 inch)
Minor duodenal papilla
Major duodenal papilla
Superior mesenteric vessels

17. • Parts of the Duodenum :
1- Superior First part (2 inch)
2- Descending Second part (3 inch)
3- Transverse Third part (4 inch)
4- Ascending Fourth part (1 inch)
• Structures in the Duodenum :
1- Minor duodenal papilla.
2- Major duodenal papilla (Ampulla of Vater).
• Blood supply :
Celiac artery.
Peritoneal fold related to the Duodenum :
Lesser omentum.
Anatomy of Duodenum