Anatomy (anatomy of thyroid gland)
•
23 likes•7,630 views
The thyroid gland is located in the lower front of the neck. It consists of two lobes connected by an isthmus. Each lobe has an apex that can extend into the larynx and a base that sits at the level of the 4th or 5th tracheal ring. The isthmus crosses the midline in front of the trachea. The thyroid gland has right and left lobes, an isthmus, anterior and posterior borders, and lateral, medial, and posterolateral surfaces. It is related anteriorly to neck muscles and veins and posteriorly to the trachea, larynx, and esophagus. Blood supply comes from the superior and inferior thyroid arteries and drains into internal jugular veins.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
Thyroid gland
The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped endocrine gland located in the front of the neck. It weighs around 25 grams and is composed of two lateral lobes connected by a narrow isthmus. The gland is situated anterior to the larynx and trachea. It receives blood supply from the superior, inferior, and sometimes thyroid ima arteries, and drains into the superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins. Lymphatic drainage occurs into the prelaryngeal, pretracheal, paratracheal, deep cervical, and brachiocephalic lymph nodes. The thyroid gland regulates metabolism in the body.
Thyroid gland anatomy
The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped endocrine gland located in the front of the neck. It consists of two lobes connected by an isthmus. The lobes extend from the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage to the 6th tracheal ring and lie against the C5-T1 vertebrae. The thyroid gland contains follicular cells that secrete the hormones T3 and T4 and parafollicular C cells that secrete calcitonin. Blood supply comes from the superior and inferior thyroid arteries and lymphatic drainage is to the deep cervical lymph nodes.
Anatomy of testis
The testis is the male gonad that produces and stores sperm. It is oval shaped and suspended in the scrotum by the spermatic cord. The testis has three layers of coverings and is made up of lobules containing seminiferous tubules that produce sperm. Sperm exit the testis via the rete testis and efferent ductules into the epididymis for storage. The testis receives blood supply from the testicular artery and drains into the pampiniform plexus of veins. Lymphatic and nerve supply also allow for sensation and vasomotor control.
Anatomy of parotid gland
The parotid gland is the largest salivary gland. It is located below and in front of the ear, weighing around 15g. The gland has a three-sided pyramid shape with surfaces and borders that relate to surrounding structures. It receives nerves, blood vessels and drains lymph. The parotid gland secretes saliva and is an important structure in the head and neck.
Clinical anatomy of Thyroid gland
- The thyroid gland develops from an endodermal diverticulum in the floor of the pharynx that migrates to its final position in the neck.
- It is located in the anterior neck, below the larynx and trachea, and consists of two lobes connected by an isthmus.
- The thyroid gland is highly vascular and receives its blood supply from the superior and inferior thyroid arteries. Its veins drain into the internal jugular and brachiocephalic veins.
4 neck
This document describes the anatomy of the neck region. It outlines the boundaries, landmarks, triangles, skin, fascia, muscles, vessels and nerves found in the neck. Key structures mentioned include the thyroid gland, larynx, trachea, esophagus, sternocleidomastoid muscle, occipital and supraclavicular triangles, carotid sheath, brachial plexus and spinal accessory nerve.
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE THYROID GLAND
The document discusses the physiology of the thyroid gland. It describes the anatomy of the thyroid, located below the larynx. The thyroid synthesizes and secretes the hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine which regulate metabolism. When functioning properly, the thyroid regulates growth and development. However, diseases can cause the thyroid to be underactive (hypothyroidism) or overactive (hyperthyroidism), producing a range of symptoms that require treatment.
Thoracic duct
The thoracic duct is the largest lymphatic vessel that drains lymph from most of the body into the venous system in the neck. It begins in the abdomen and ascends through the thorax and neck before terminating at the junction of the left internal jugular and subclavian veins. It receives tributaries along its course that drain lymph from various regions. Damage to the thoracic duct can cause leakage of chyle into body cavities.
Recommended
Thyroid gland
The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped endocrine gland located in the front of the neck. It weighs around 25 grams and is composed of two lateral lobes connected by a narrow isthmus. The gland is situated anterior to the larynx and trachea. It receives blood supply from the superior, inferior, and sometimes thyroid ima arteries, and drains into the superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins. Lymphatic drainage occurs into the prelaryngeal, pretracheal, paratracheal, deep cervical, and brachiocephalic lymph nodes. The thyroid gland regulates metabolism in the body.
Thyroid gland anatomy
The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped endocrine gland located in the front of the neck. It consists of two lobes connected by an isthmus. The lobes extend from the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage to the 6th tracheal ring and lie against the C5-T1 vertebrae. The thyroid gland contains follicular cells that secrete the hormones T3 and T4 and parafollicular C cells that secrete calcitonin. Blood supply comes from the superior and inferior thyroid arteries and lymphatic drainage is to the deep cervical lymph nodes.
Anatomy of testis
The testis is the male gonad that produces and stores sperm. It is oval shaped and suspended in the scrotum by the spermatic cord. The testis has three layers of coverings and is made up of lobules containing seminiferous tubules that produce sperm. Sperm exit the testis via the rete testis and efferent ductules into the epididymis for storage. The testis receives blood supply from the testicular artery and drains into the pampiniform plexus of veins. Lymphatic and nerve supply also allow for sensation and vasomotor control.
Anatomy of parotid gland
The parotid gland is the largest salivary gland. It is located below and in front of the ear, weighing around 15g. The gland has a three-sided pyramid shape with surfaces and borders that relate to surrounding structures. It receives nerves, blood vessels and drains lymph. The parotid gland secretes saliva and is an important structure in the head and neck.
Clinical anatomy of Thyroid gland
- The thyroid gland develops from an endodermal diverticulum in the floor of the pharynx that migrates to its final position in the neck.
- It is located in the anterior neck, below the larynx and trachea, and consists of two lobes connected by an isthmus.
- The thyroid gland is highly vascular and receives its blood supply from the superior and inferior thyroid arteries. Its veins drain into the internal jugular and brachiocephalic veins.
4 neck
This document describes the anatomy of the neck region. It outlines the boundaries, landmarks, triangles, skin, fascia, muscles, vessels and nerves found in the neck. Key structures mentioned include the thyroid gland, larynx, trachea, esophagus, sternocleidomastoid muscle, occipital and supraclavicular triangles, carotid sheath, brachial plexus and spinal accessory nerve.
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE THYROID GLAND
The document discusses the physiology of the thyroid gland. It describes the anatomy of the thyroid, located below the larynx. The thyroid synthesizes and secretes the hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine which regulate metabolism. When functioning properly, the thyroid regulates growth and development. However, diseases can cause the thyroid to be underactive (hypothyroidism) or overactive (hyperthyroidism), producing a range of symptoms that require treatment.
Thoracic duct
The thoracic duct is the largest lymphatic vessel that drains lymph from most of the body into the venous system in the neck. It begins in the abdomen and ascends through the thorax and neck before terminating at the junction of the left internal jugular and subclavian veins. It receives tributaries along its course that drain lymph from various regions. Damage to the thoracic duct can cause leakage of chyle into body cavities.
Anatomy of The Diaphragm
The diaphragm is a dome-shaped musculotendinous sheet that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities. It has peripheral muscular parts and a central tendinous portion. It arises from the lumbar vertebrae, ribs, sternum and xiphoid process. The diaphragm inserts into its central tendon. It contains openings for structures like the aorta, inferior vena cava and esophagus. The diaphragm is innervated by the phrenic nerves and functions in respiration and exertion. Clinical implications include hernias, hiccups and paralysis.
Pharynx
1. A 33-year-old woman presented with a foreign body sensation in her throat for two days. Upon examination, an orange seed was found embedded in her piriform fossa.
2. The piriform fossa is located on the anterior wall of the laryngopharynx. When removing the orange seed, precautions must be taken due to the location and structures in the area such as the epiglottis and aryepiglottic folds.
3. Careful and gentle removal of the embedded seed is needed to avoid damaging local structures like the vocal cords or triggering a gag reflex.
Anatomy of Thyroid and Parathyroid gland
It includes anatomical location, vascular supply, lymphatic drainage , embryonic development and their hormone synthesis, release and regulation.
Lateral ventricle of Brain. By Dr.N.Mugunthan.M.S
Lateral ventricle of brain. Lecture by Dr.N.Mugunthan.
Associate Professor,
Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute,
Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Pondicherry.
PAROTID GLAND
The parotid gland is a major salivary gland in many animals. In humans, the two parotid glands are present on either side of the mouth and in front of both ears. They are the largest of the salivary glands.
Ureter
The ureters are thin-walled muscular tubes that convey urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. They have three parts: the pelvic, abdominal, and pelvic parts. The ureters begin in the renal pelvis in the kidneys and travel downwards and medially through the abdomen and pelvis before piercing the bladder wall and opening into the bladder trigone. Their course and relations are described.
Anterior triangle of the neck
The document discusses the anatomy of the anterior triangle of the neck. It begins by outlining the boundaries and contents of the anterior triangle. It then describes how the triangle is divided into four smaller triangles - the submental, submandibular, carotid, and muscular triangles - by the digastric and omohyoid muscles. Each smaller triangle's boundaries, floor, contents, and structures are defined in detail. Key structures discussed include the thyroid gland, carotid sheath, carotid sinus, and carotid body. Blood supply and lymphatic drainage of the thyroid gland are also summarized.
Anatomy of the adrenal gland
Describe the structures, relations, and functions of the adrenal gland.
describe the histological structures and clinical importance of the adrenal gland
Thyroid gland surgical anatomy
The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped endocrine gland located in the front of the neck. It weighs around 25 grams and consists of two lateral lobes connected by a narrow isthmus. Each lobe is pyramidal in shape. The thyroid gland is situated anterior to the larynx and trachea. It receives its blood supply from the superior and inferior thyroid arteries and drains into the internal jugular vein. Lymphatic drainage is to the prelaryngeal, pretracheal, paratracheal, and deep cervical lymph nodes. The document describes the location, structure, blood supply, lymphatic drainage and relations of the thyroid gland.
Pituitary gland (anatomy)
The pituitary gland, also called the hypophysis, regulates many other endocrine glands through its production of hormones. It is divided into the anterior and posterior pituitary. The anterior pituitary produces hormones that control growth, metabolism, reproduction, and lactation. These hormones are regulated by hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones. The posterior pituitary stores and releases oxytocin and vasopressin, which are produced in the hypothalamus and travel to the pituitary via nerve fibers. Together, the hormones produced by the anterior and posterior pituitary regulate important bodily functions.
Meninges
The meninges are the three membranes - the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater - that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord. The dura mater is the outermost and toughest layer. It forms folds such as the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli. Between the dura mater and arachnoid mater is the subdural space, while between the arachnoid mater and pia mater is the subarachnoid space, which contains cerebrospinal fluid. The pia mater is the innermost layer and closely adheres to the brain surface. The choroid plexus produces cerebrospinal fluid which circulates and
Thyroid gland
This document summarizes the anatomy of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. It describes the location, shape, and extent of the thyroid gland. The thyroid has two lobes connected by an isthmus. Each lobe has an apex, base, and surfaces. The document outlines the relationships of the lobes, isthmus, and surfaces to surrounding structures. It also details the blood supply, venous drainage, and lymphatic drainage of the thyroid gland. The location and anatomy of the parathyroid glands are summarized as well.
Thyroid physiology
The document discusses thyroid hormones, their biosynthesis, regulation, actions, and peripheral conversion. Some key points:
- Thyroid hormones T4 and T3 are synthesized in thyroid follicles from iodine and tyrosine. T4 is the main secretory product while T3 is the biologically active form.
- TSH stimulates thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion. T4 is converted to T3 in tissues by deiodinase enzymes.
- Thyroid hormones are transported bound to carrier proteins and the free forms enter cells to increase metabolism.
- Thyroid hormone levels are regulated by a negative feedback loop involving the hypothalamus, pituitary and thyroid gland.
Ureter
The ureter is a narrow, thick-walled, muscular tube that conveys urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder. Peristaltic contractions of the smooth muscle in the ureter wall propel urine downward. The ureter has three layers of smooth muscle in the lower third and two layers in the upper two-thirds. It courses down the posterior abdominal wall and enters the pelvis, where it crosses the common iliac artery. In the pelvis, it travels laterally along the sciatic notch before entering the bladder obliquely. The ureter has several sites of anatomical narrowing where stones are prone to lodge, including at the pelvic brim and ure
Larynx Anatomy
The larynx is located in the neck and regulates airflow during breathing and phonation. It contains 9 cartilages including the thyroid and cricoid cartilages which provide the skeletal framework. Intrinsic muscles like the cricothyroid and thyroarytenoid act on the vocal cords to produce sound. The larynx is supplied by the recurrent and internal laryngeal nerves and drains lymphatically into cervical nodes. Examination of the larynx provides insight into vocal cord function and pathology.
Anatomy of Pharynx
The pharynx is a hollow tube that starts behind the nose, goes down the neck, and ends at the top of the trachea and esophagus. The three parts of the pharynx are the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx.
Anatomy Of Urinary Bladder
The urinary bladder is a hollow muscular sac located in the pelvis that acts as a reservoir for urine. Urine enters the bladder via the ureters and exits through the urethra. The bladder has a superior surface covered by peritoneum and inferior surfaces that are not. As it fills, the bladder rises from the pelvis into the lower abdomen. The trigone is a triangular area where the ureters enter the bladder and is innervated to signal the need to void. The detrusor muscle surrounds the bladder wall and contracts to empty urine during urination.
Thymus.2019
The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ located in the superior mediastinum. It plays a key role in T cell development and maturation. The thymus has an outer capsule and is divided into lobules containing cortex and medulla regions. The cortex contains densely packed developing T cells and epithelioreticular cells. The medulla is less cellular and contains Hassall's corpuscles. Developing lymphocytes interact with epithelioreticular cells, which provide structural support and signals to guide T cell maturation.
venous supply of head & neck
The document discusses the anatomy of various veins in the head and neck region. It begins with an overview of veins in general, including their structure, classification, differences from arteries, and roles. It then describes specific veins such as the internal jugular vein and its tributaries. Other veins discussed include the external jugular, anterior jugular, lingual, maxillary, superficial temporal, posterior auricular, and occipital veins. Applied anatomy concepts are also summarized, such as variations, relationships to surrounding structures, and clinical significance.
Tonsil
Tonsils are collections of lymphoid tissue located in the aerodigestive tract that form Waldeyer's ring and act as the immune system's first line of defense. Waldeyer's ring includes the adenoid tonsils, two tubal tonsils, two palatine tonsils, and the lingual tonsil. Tonsils contain specialized cells called M cells that capture pathogens and alert the immune system, stimulating B cells and T cells to respond. This leads to the production of antibodies and memory B cells in germinal centers within the tonsils. Tonsils can also become inflamed or infected, leading to tonsillitis, or develop calcified material known as tonsilloliths.
Thyroid gland
The thyroid gland is located in the front of the neck below the larynx. It has right and left lobes connected by an isthmus. The lobes each measure 5x3x2 cm and the isthmus is 1.25 cm wide. The thyroid is covered by capsules and receives blood supply from the superior and inferior thyroid arteries accompanied by the external and recurrent laryngeal nerves. Lymphatic drainage is to the deep cervical nodes. The thyroid secretes important hormones and can move with swallowing due to attachments.
Thyroid and Parathyroid Gland.
To know about basic anatomy of thyroid and Parathyroid glands , locations, anatomical relations, their arterial supply,venous drainage lymphatic and nerve supply.
More Related Content
What's hot
Anatomy of The Diaphragm
The diaphragm is a dome-shaped musculotendinous sheet that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities. It has peripheral muscular parts and a central tendinous portion. It arises from the lumbar vertebrae, ribs, sternum and xiphoid process. The diaphragm inserts into its central tendon. It contains openings for structures like the aorta, inferior vena cava and esophagus. The diaphragm is innervated by the phrenic nerves and functions in respiration and exertion. Clinical implications include hernias, hiccups and paralysis.
Pharynx
1. A 33-year-old woman presented with a foreign body sensation in her throat for two days. Upon examination, an orange seed was found embedded in her piriform fossa.
2. The piriform fossa is located on the anterior wall of the laryngopharynx. When removing the orange seed, precautions must be taken due to the location and structures in the area such as the epiglottis and aryepiglottic folds.
3. Careful and gentle removal of the embedded seed is needed to avoid damaging local structures like the vocal cords or triggering a gag reflex.
Anatomy of Thyroid and Parathyroid gland
It includes anatomical location, vascular supply, lymphatic drainage , embryonic development and their hormone synthesis, release and regulation.
Lateral ventricle of Brain. By Dr.N.Mugunthan.M.S
Lateral ventricle of brain. Lecture by Dr.N.Mugunthan.
Associate Professor,
Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute,
Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Pondicherry.
PAROTID GLAND
The parotid gland is a major salivary gland in many animals. In humans, the two parotid glands are present on either side of the mouth and in front of both ears. They are the largest of the salivary glands.
Ureter
The ureters are thin-walled muscular tubes that convey urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. They have three parts: the pelvic, abdominal, and pelvic parts. The ureters begin in the renal pelvis in the kidneys and travel downwards and medially through the abdomen and pelvis before piercing the bladder wall and opening into the bladder trigone. Their course and relations are described.
Anterior triangle of the neck
The document discusses the anatomy of the anterior triangle of the neck. It begins by outlining the boundaries and contents of the anterior triangle. It then describes how the triangle is divided into four smaller triangles - the submental, submandibular, carotid, and muscular triangles - by the digastric and omohyoid muscles. Each smaller triangle's boundaries, floor, contents, and structures are defined in detail. Key structures discussed include the thyroid gland, carotid sheath, carotid sinus, and carotid body. Blood supply and lymphatic drainage of the thyroid gland are also summarized.
Anatomy of the adrenal gland
Describe the structures, relations, and functions of the adrenal gland.
describe the histological structures and clinical importance of the adrenal gland
Thyroid gland surgical anatomy
The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped endocrine gland located in the front of the neck. It weighs around 25 grams and consists of two lateral lobes connected by a narrow isthmus. Each lobe is pyramidal in shape. The thyroid gland is situated anterior to the larynx and trachea. It receives its blood supply from the superior and inferior thyroid arteries and drains into the internal jugular vein. Lymphatic drainage is to the prelaryngeal, pretracheal, paratracheal, and deep cervical lymph nodes. The document describes the location, structure, blood supply, lymphatic drainage and relations of the thyroid gland.
Pituitary gland (anatomy)
The pituitary gland, also called the hypophysis, regulates many other endocrine glands through its production of hormones. It is divided into the anterior and posterior pituitary. The anterior pituitary produces hormones that control growth, metabolism, reproduction, and lactation. These hormones are regulated by hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones. The posterior pituitary stores and releases oxytocin and vasopressin, which are produced in the hypothalamus and travel to the pituitary via nerve fibers. Together, the hormones produced by the anterior and posterior pituitary regulate important bodily functions.
Meninges
The meninges are the three membranes - the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater - that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord. The dura mater is the outermost and toughest layer. It forms folds such as the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli. Between the dura mater and arachnoid mater is the subdural space, while between the arachnoid mater and pia mater is the subarachnoid space, which contains cerebrospinal fluid. The pia mater is the innermost layer and closely adheres to the brain surface. The choroid plexus produces cerebrospinal fluid which circulates and
Thyroid gland
This document summarizes the anatomy of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. It describes the location, shape, and extent of the thyroid gland. The thyroid has two lobes connected by an isthmus. Each lobe has an apex, base, and surfaces. The document outlines the relationships of the lobes, isthmus, and surfaces to surrounding structures. It also details the blood supply, venous drainage, and lymphatic drainage of the thyroid gland. The location and anatomy of the parathyroid glands are summarized as well.
Thyroid physiology
The document discusses thyroid hormones, their biosynthesis, regulation, actions, and peripheral conversion. Some key points:
- Thyroid hormones T4 and T3 are synthesized in thyroid follicles from iodine and tyrosine. T4 is the main secretory product while T3 is the biologically active form.
- TSH stimulates thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion. T4 is converted to T3 in tissues by deiodinase enzymes.
- Thyroid hormones are transported bound to carrier proteins and the free forms enter cells to increase metabolism.
- Thyroid hormone levels are regulated by a negative feedback loop involving the hypothalamus, pituitary and thyroid gland.
Ureter
The ureter is a narrow, thick-walled, muscular tube that conveys urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder. Peristaltic contractions of the smooth muscle in the ureter wall propel urine downward. The ureter has three layers of smooth muscle in the lower third and two layers in the upper two-thirds. It courses down the posterior abdominal wall and enters the pelvis, where it crosses the common iliac artery. In the pelvis, it travels laterally along the sciatic notch before entering the bladder obliquely. The ureter has several sites of anatomical narrowing where stones are prone to lodge, including at the pelvic brim and ure
Larynx Anatomy
The larynx is located in the neck and regulates airflow during breathing and phonation. It contains 9 cartilages including the thyroid and cricoid cartilages which provide the skeletal framework. Intrinsic muscles like the cricothyroid and thyroarytenoid act on the vocal cords to produce sound. The larynx is supplied by the recurrent and internal laryngeal nerves and drains lymphatically into cervical nodes. Examination of the larynx provides insight into vocal cord function and pathology.
Anatomy of Pharynx
The pharynx is a hollow tube that starts behind the nose, goes down the neck, and ends at the top of the trachea and esophagus. The three parts of the pharynx are the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx.
Anatomy Of Urinary Bladder
The urinary bladder is a hollow muscular sac located in the pelvis that acts as a reservoir for urine. Urine enters the bladder via the ureters and exits through the urethra. The bladder has a superior surface covered by peritoneum and inferior surfaces that are not. As it fills, the bladder rises from the pelvis into the lower abdomen. The trigone is a triangular area where the ureters enter the bladder and is innervated to signal the need to void. The detrusor muscle surrounds the bladder wall and contracts to empty urine during urination.
Thymus.2019
The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ located in the superior mediastinum. It plays a key role in T cell development and maturation. The thymus has an outer capsule and is divided into lobules containing cortex and medulla regions. The cortex contains densely packed developing T cells and epithelioreticular cells. The medulla is less cellular and contains Hassall's corpuscles. Developing lymphocytes interact with epithelioreticular cells, which provide structural support and signals to guide T cell maturation.
venous supply of head & neck
The document discusses the anatomy of various veins in the head and neck region. It begins with an overview of veins in general, including their structure, classification, differences from arteries, and roles. It then describes specific veins such as the internal jugular vein and its tributaries. Other veins discussed include the external jugular, anterior jugular, lingual, maxillary, superficial temporal, posterior auricular, and occipital veins. Applied anatomy concepts are also summarized, such as variations, relationships to surrounding structures, and clinical significance.
Tonsil
Tonsils are collections of lymphoid tissue located in the aerodigestive tract that form Waldeyer's ring and act as the immune system's first line of defense. Waldeyer's ring includes the adenoid tonsils, two tubal tonsils, two palatine tonsils, and the lingual tonsil. Tonsils contain specialized cells called M cells that capture pathogens and alert the immune system, stimulating B cells and T cells to respond. This leads to the production of antibodies and memory B cells in germinal centers within the tonsils. Tonsils can also become inflamed or infected, leading to tonsillitis, or develop calcified material known as tonsilloliths.
What's hot (20)
Similar to Anatomy (anatomy of thyroid gland)
Thyroid gland
The thyroid gland is located in the front of the neck below the larynx. It has right and left lobes connected by an isthmus. The lobes each measure 5x3x2 cm and the isthmus is 1.25 cm wide. The thyroid is covered by capsules and receives blood supply from the superior and inferior thyroid arteries accompanied by the external and recurrent laryngeal nerves. Lymphatic drainage is to the deep cervical nodes. The thyroid secretes important hormones and can move with swallowing due to attachments.
Thyroid and Parathyroid Gland.
To know about basic anatomy of thyroid and Parathyroid glands , locations, anatomical relations, their arterial supply,venous drainage lymphatic and nerve supply.
Thyroid adrenal.bds
The document summarizes key information about the thyroid and suprarenal glands. It describes the location, structure, blood supply, development, and functions of the thyroid gland. It also discusses common pathologies of the thyroid gland like goiter and hyperthyroidism/hypothyroidism. For the suprarenal glands, it outlines their location in the abdomen, histological structure consisting of the cortex and medulla, hormone production, blood supply and applied clinical implications like Cushing's syndrome and Conn's syndrome.
Thyroid gland anatomy part 2
A simple basic professional content, which is suitable for representation by medical students, physicians and surgeons.
Your comments are more than welcomed.
Thyroid_gland.pptx
The root of the neck is the junction between the thorax and neck. It contains several important structures including arteries, veins and nerves.
The document describes the anatomy of the thyroid gland, including its location in the neck, lobes and isthmus, relations to surrounding structures, blood supply from the superior and inferior thyroid arteries, innervation and role in hormone production and calcium metabolism.
The parathyroid glands are usually four in number, located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland. They are supplied by branches from the inferior thyroid artery and their primary function is to regulate calcium levels through secretion of parathyroid hormone.
Thyriod gland anatomy and physiology
The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland located in the front of the neck below the larynx. It consists of two lobes connected by an isthmus. The gland secretes thyroid hormones including T3 and T4 which are important for growth and metabolism. The thyroid receives blood supply from the superior and inferior thyroid arteries and drains into the superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins. It is innervated by cervical sympathetic ganglia and has extensive lymphatic drainage. The thyroid gland is an important endocrine organ that helps regulate several physiological processes in the body.
-Head-and-Neck-Arteries-part-1.pptx
The document summarizes the major head and neck arteries, which are divided into the carotid system and subclavian system. The carotid system includes the common carotid arteries, which bifurcate into the external and internal carotid arteries. Key branches of the external carotid artery include the superior thyroid artery, lingual artery, facial artery, occipital artery, and maxillary artery. The maxillary artery gives rise to the middle meningeal artery. The subclavian system supplies structures in the lower neck, deep neck, inside of the cranium, shoulder, upper limb, and thorax.
THYROID GLAND.ppt
The thyroid gland is roughly H-shaped and located in the front of the neck. It regulates metabolism and growth. The thyroid has two lobes connected by an isthmus. Blood supply comes from the superior and inferior thyroid arteries. Veins drain into the internal jugular vein. Lymph nodes around the thyroid include the brachiocephalic and deep cervical nodes. The parathyroid glands are on the thyroid's back surface and regulate calcium levels.
Surgical anatomy and physiology of thyroid and parathyroid
The document discusses the development, anatomy, relations, blood supply, lymphatic drainage, nerve supply and physiology of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. It describes how the thyroid gland develops and migrates in the embryo. It can have developmental anomalies like thyroglossal cysts. The basic anatomy of the thyroid including its lobes, relations and parts are explained. The arterial supply from superior and inferior thyroid arteries and venous drainage are summarized. The lymphatic drainage and nerve supply including the recurrent laryngeal nerve are highlighted. Cernea's classification of the external branch of superior laryngeal nerve and the space of Reeves are mentioned in the context of thyroid surgery. The physiology of thyroid hormones T4, T3
Surgical anatomy of thyroid gland
This document provides an overview of the surgical anatomy of the thyroid gland. It describes the embryological development and gross anatomy of the thyroid, including its location in the neck, lobes, and isthmus. It also details the capsules, relationships to surrounding structures, blood supply, lymphatic and nerve drainage of the thyroid gland. Key structures discussed include the recurrent laryngeal nerve, superior and inferior thyroid arteries and veins, and lymph node drainage sites.
Lecture № 26 - ANATOMY OF THE VEGETATIVE NERVOUS SYSTEM.pdf
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and structure of the vegetative (autonomic) nervous system. It is divided into two parts: the sympathetic and parasympathetic parts. The sympathetic part originates in the spinal cord and controls the "fight or flight" response. The parasympathetic part originates in the brainstem and cranial nerves and controls "rest and digest" functions. The document details the pathways and targets of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions throughout the body.
Chapter05 121204002529-phpapp01
The document provides information on human anatomy and physiology. It discusses the structure and function of several body systems including:
1) The skeletal system, describing the bones and joints of the axial skeleton, appendicular skeleton, upper and lower extremities.
2) The muscular system, including skeletal muscles and their attachment to bones.
3) The respiratory system, outlining the structures of the upper and lower airways, lungs, and muscles of breathing.
4) The circulatory system, detailing the anatomy of the heart, arteries, veins, and blood as well as the physiology of blood pressure and circulation.
5) An overview of the nervous system, distinguishing between the central and peripheral nervous systems
THE NECK anatomy, detailed notes on neck anatomy including osteology of neck,...
Best learning notes for anatomy
Head and neck anatomy
The document discusses the anatomy of blood vessels, nerves, muscles and other structures in the head and neck region. It provides details on the arterial and venous systems, including the common carotid arteries and internal and external carotid arteries. It also describes the 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 8 cervical spinal nerves that supply the head and neck. An overview is given of the muscles of facial expression, eyes, ears, nose and paranasal sinuses, mouth, pharynx, larynx and neck. The salivary glands, lymph nodes, teeth and other structures are also briefly outlined.
Head and neck anatomy
a very short and concise head and neck anatomy presentation; an overview of head and neck anatomy prepared for a mixed audience from different backgrounds
Cervical Viscera lecture delivered by Saad Datti
The document summarizes the anatomy of the cervical viscera, including the thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, larynx, and trachea. It notes that the cervical viscera are arranged in three layers - endocrine, respiratory, and alimentary. The endocrine layer includes the thyroid and parathyroid glands. The respiratory layer contains the larynx and trachea. The alimentary layer comprises the pharynx and esophagus. It then provides detailed descriptions of the anatomy, blood supply, nerve supply, and functions of the thyroid gland and larynx.
Back to Basic: Artery, Vein of the male reproductive system.pdf
This document summarizes the gross anatomy of several parts of the male reproductive system, including the penis, testes, ductus deferens, and prostate gland. It describes the arterial and venous blood supply, innervation, lymphatic drainage, and ligaments/coverings of each structure. Key details provided include the branches of arteries that supply each part, where veins drain, the source of sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation, and relevant lymph node drainage patterns.
male external genital organs.pptx
The male external genital organs include the penis, scrotum, testes, epididymides, and spermatic cords. The penis has two parts - the root/radix and the body/corpus. The body consists of two corpora cavernosa and the corpus spongiosum containing the urethra. The scrotum is a cutaneous bag that contains the testes and associated structures. Each testis is covered by tunics and suspended by the spermatic cord, which contains the vas deferens and vessels. The epididymis acts as a reservoir for sperm, connecting the testis to the vas deferens.
anatomy of Thyroid gland
The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped endocrine gland located in the neck. It consists of two lobes connected by an isthmus. The thyroid gland is responsible for secreting thyroid hormones that regulate metabolism. It receives its blood supply from the superior and inferior thyroid arteries. During surgery near the thyroid gland, the recurrent laryngeal nerve must be avoided to prevent voice changes, as it travels between the branches of the inferior thyroid artery.
Thyroid gland surgical anatomy
The thyroid gland is located in the lower front of the neck. It consists of two lobes connected by an isthmus. The lobes extend from the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage to the 4th-6th tracheal rings. The thyroid is highly vascular, receiving blood supply from the superior and inferior thyroid arteries. The recurrent laryngeal nerves pass behind the branches of the inferior thyroid artery and enter the larynx. Care must be taken during thyroid surgery to identify and preserve these structures to avoid complications.
Similar to Anatomy (anatomy of thyroid gland) (20)
Surgical anatomy and physiology of thyroid and parathyroid
Surgical anatomy and physiology of thyroid and parathyroid
Lecture № 26 - ANATOMY OF THE VEGETATIVE NERVOUS SYSTEM.pdf
Lecture № 26 - ANATOMY OF THE VEGETATIVE NERVOUS SYSTEM.pdf
THE NECK anatomy, detailed notes on neck anatomy including osteology of neck,...
THE NECK anatomy, detailed notes on neck anatomy including osteology of neck,...
Back to Basic: Artery, Vein of the male reproductive system.pdf
Back to Basic: Artery, Vein of the male reproductive system.pdf
More from Osama Al-Zahrani
Pathology (repair and wound healing)
The document summarizes several pathology slides related to repair and wound healing:
1) A slide showing a fibrin network entangling red blood cells and other blood cells, diagnosed as a clot.
2) Distended hepatocytes filled with fluid, diagnosed as edema.
3) Intestinal metaplasia where squamous cells are replaced by columnar cells.
4) Three slides showing blood vessels filled with red blood cells, fibroblasts, and inflammatory cells, diagnosed as granulation tissue.
Pathology (pathology of joint and soft tissue disorders)
Rhabdomyosarcoma is a malignant tumor of skeletal muscle that presents with different stages of maturation including immature rounded cells with pink cytoplasm and peripheral nuclei or large polyhedral cells with clear cytoplasm. Synovial sarcoma has variants including rounded cells arranged in sheets separated by clefts or spindle cells arranged in storiform patterns. It exists in monophasic or biphasic forms and is malignant. Leiomyosarcoma is a malignant soft tissue tumor of smooth muscle composed of spindle cells in different patterns including lines and whorls.
Pathology (microscopic feature of some tumors)
This document summarizes the microscopic features of four different tumor types: liposarcoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, chondrosarcoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Liposarcoma is a malignant tumor arising from adipose tissue composed of mature adipocytes. Papillary thyroid carcinoma is a malignant tumor of the thyroid gland forming arborizing papillae. Chondrosarcoma is a malignant tumor of chondroblasts forming chondroblastic cell proliferation. Squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant tumor of squamous epithelium forming cell nests with keratin pearls.
Pathology (growth characters of tumor)
This document summarizes the key characteristics of four different tumor types:
1) Fibroma is a benign tumor arising from fibroblasts that contains mature and immature fibrous tissue with elongated spindle-shaped cells.
2) Leiomyoma is a benign smooth muscle tumor containing bundles of smooth muscle fibers in a whorl pattern and spindle-shaped fibroblast cells.
3) Thyroid adenoma is a benign glandular tumor composed of normal-looking follicles filled with colloid.
4) Adenocarcinoma is a malignant glandular tumor with abnormal acini and epithelium that shows signs of malignancy like irregular shapes and increased mitosis.
Pathology (cell injury and necrosis)
This document summarizes four pathology slides showing different types of cell injury and necrosis: 1) A slide showing inflammatory cells in alveoli, diagnosed as acute pneumonia; 2) A slide showing caseation necrosis, chronic inflammation and giant cells, diagnosed as early tuberculosis; 3) A slide showing infarcted kidney tissue without nuclei, diagnosed as kidney infarction; 4) A slide showing normal and infarcted myocardial tissue, diagnosed as myocardial infarction.
Pathology (cell adaptation)
The document discusses cells showing signs of fatty change in the heart and liver. For the heart sample, slides showed cells with vacuolated cytoplasm and peripheral nuclei, known as signet ring cells, leading to a diagnosis of fatty change in the heart. A similar sample for the liver showed the same cellular features and was diagnosed as fatty change in the liver.
Pathology (atherosclerosis)
This document summarizes four cases:
1. Capillary hemangioma, characterized by dilated vascular channels lined by endothelium containing red blood cells and separated by stroma.
2. Cavernous lymphgioma, characterized by dilated lymphatic channels lined by endothelium containing lymph and inflammatory cells and separated by stroma.
3. Hemangioendothelioma, characterized by nodules of epitheloid cells separated by stroma, containing intracytoplasmic vacuoles with red blood cells.
4. Kaposi Sarcoma, characterized by a dermal nodule of spindle cells forming slit-like vascular spaces containing erythrocytes.
Pathology (acute inflammation)
The document describes a pathology practical examining signs of acute inflammation under a microscope. The slide shows dilated blood vessels filled with red blood cells and the presence of neutrophils. The diagnosis is that these characteristics are signs of acute inflammation.
Pathology (histopathology of the cns)
This document describes four types of astrocytic brain tumors: (1) Pilocytic Astrocytoma, which contains nodules with dense clusters of astrocytic cells and Rosenthal fibers; (2) Fibrillary Astrocytoma, which has an uneven distribution of astrocytes due to increased cell number; (3) Anaplastic Astrocytoma, which exhibits abnormal mitosis and uneven astrocyte distribution with low vascularity; (4) Glioblastoma Multiform, which demonstrates signs of malignancy like abnormal mitosis, hemorrhage and necrosis as well as highly vascular structures.
Skill lab 1 (taking pulses)
1. This document discusses how to take and assess pulses, including rate, rhythm, volume, and abnormalities. Key points include regular vs. irregular rhythm and normal vs. weak volume.
2. Specific locations for taking pulses are outlined, such as radial, femoral, popliteal, dorsalis pedis, and posterior tibial pulses. Differences like a delay between radial pulses or radial and femoral pulses can indicate issues.
3. Diagrams show the locations of peripheral pulses in the upper and lower limbs, such as the carotid, brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, dorsalis pedis, and posterior tibial pulses.
Skill lab (plastic surgery)
A 35-year-old patient came to the emergency room with burns on his chest. His weight is 72 kg and the burned surface area is 18% of his total body surface area. Using the formula for calculating IV fluid replacement in burned patients, which is body weight x burned surface area / 2 x 4, the amount of fluid resuscitation needed for this patient is 2.5 liters.
Skill lab (hematology, physiology, microbiology, biochemistry)
The document summarizes several laboratory tests and procedures used in hematology, physiology, microbiology, and biochemistry. It describes bleeding time and coagulation time tests to assess platelet function. It also outlines the hematocrit test procedure to measure red blood cell volume percentage, and the blood grouping test to determine blood type based on antigen-antibody reactions. Procedures for blood culture collection and centrifugation to separate blood components are provided. Finally, it explains hemoglobin electrophoresis to measure different hemoglobin molecules and identify potential abnormalities.
Skill lab (basic examination)
The document outlines the 4 main techniques of physical examination: inspection which is examining the patient's body visually, palpation which involves touching inflamed areas of the body, percussion which is tapping parts of the body to compare sounds, and auscultation which uses a stethoscope to listen to body sounds. These techniques - inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation - form the basic physical examination.
Skill lab endocrineology (hormonal panel with different clinical problem &a...
This document provides information on various endocrine-related topics including glucose tolerance testing, thyroid function testing, clinical examination of thyroid swellings, radiology of the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands, and anti-thyroid drugs. It includes definitions, test types, results and interpretations, descriptions of clinical findings, imaging views and structures seen, and indications and side effects of drugs. The document aims to educate on evaluating and managing endocrine-related conditions through laboratory and imaging tests and pharmacological treatment.
Skill lab emergency (first aid and iv injection)
Triage is the process of prioritizing patients' treatment based on the severity of their condition. There are four categories ranging from red/immediate for life-threatening conditions to black/expectant for those who are dead. The ABCDE method is used to assess airway, breathing, circulation, disability, and exposure during triage. Intravenous cannulation involves inserting a tube into a patient's vein for infusions. The procedure has 15 steps including preparing equipment, identifying a vein, inserting the cannula, securing it, and checking for proper placement.
Skill lab physiology (motor examination tests)
This document outlines the components and process of performing a motor examination. It describes examining muscle mass, tone, power, coordination, gait, and reflexes. Deep tendon reflexes are tested using a reflex hammer at sites including the biceps, triceps, patella, and Achilles tendons. Abnormal reflex responses include spasticity, rigidity, and hypotonia. Motor strength is graded on a scale from 0 to 5. The plantar reflex test assesses upper motor neuron function.
Physiology (sensory examination tests)
1. The document outlines various tests used in sensory examination including tests for touch, pain, temperature, vibration, hearing, vision, and cortical sensations.
2. It describes the instruments used and procedures for tests like the two point discrimination test, Rinne's test, and Weber's test.
3. The tests assess primary sensations, cortical sensations, hearing, vision, and help identify lesions in the sensory cortex.
Physiology (measurement of arterial blood pressure)
This document summarizes the measurement of arterial blood pressure. It defines systolic and diastolic blood pressure as the force exerted on blood vessel walls during contraction and relaxation. It explains that blood pressure is typically measured in the brachial artery using a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope, by listening for sounds during inflation and deflation to determine the systolic and diastolic readings in mmHg. Finally, it outlines two methods for measuring blood pressure - palpation of the radial pulse to find systolic pressure only, or auscultation of the brachial pulse over the brachial artery to determine both systolic and diastolic pressure.
Physiology (heart sounds)
This document describes the four main heart sounds and how to auscultate them using a stethoscope. It explains that the first heart sound corresponds to closure of the atrioventricular valves and the R wave of an ECG. The second heart sound corresponds to closure of the semilunar valves and the T wave of an ECG. The third heart sound occurs during rapid ventricular filling between the T and P waves. The fourth heart sound corresponds to atrial contraction between the P and Q waves. It identifies the best areas over the heart to auscultate each sound using a stethoscope.
Physiology (electrocardiography ecg)
An electrocardiogram (ECG) records the electrical activity of the heart over time using electrodes placed on the skin. An ECG is used to detect abnormalities in heart rhythm and function by measuring the heart's electrical signals through 12 leads that include 6 chest leads and 6 limb leads. The heart rate can be calculated from an ECG by counting the number of big squares between two R waves in a cycle and dividing 300 by that number.
More from Osama Al-Zahrani (20)
Pathology (pathology of joint and soft tissue disorders)
Pathology (pathology of joint and soft tissue disorders)
Skill lab (hematology, physiology, microbiology, biochemistry)
Skill lab (hematology, physiology, microbiology, biochemistry)
Skill lab endocrineology (hormonal panel with different clinical problem &a...
Skill lab endocrineology (hormonal panel with different clinical problem &a...
Physiology (measurement of arterial blood pressure)
Physiology (measurement of arterial blood pressure)
Recently uploaded
Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations .pptx
Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations .pptxMGM SCHOOL/COLLEGE OF NURSING
Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations How STIs Influence the Development of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.pptx
STIs may cause PID. For the both disease, herbal medicine Fuyan Pill can be a solution.
Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidade
Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidadeProf. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
A Classical Text Review on Basavarajeeyam
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
The Electrocardiogram - Physiologic Principles
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India
we have mentioned the best 10 ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups. You can check all these products and choose the best one for yourself.
#cALL# #gIRLS# In Dehradun ꧁❤8107221448❤꧂#cALL# #gIRLS# Service In Dehradun W...
#cALL# #gIRLS# In Dehradun ꧁❤8107221448❤꧂#cALL# #gIRLS# Service In Dehradun W...chandankumarsmartiso
#cALL# #gIRLS# In Dehradun ꧁❤8107221448❤꧂#cALL# #gIRLS# Service In Dehradun Women Seeking Service
Physiology of Special Chemical Sensation of Taste
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdf
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control program
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Recently uploaded (20)
Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations .pptx
Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations .pptx
How STIs Influence the Development of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.pptx
How STIs Influence the Development of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.pptx
Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidade
Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidade
Tests for analysis of different pharmaceutical.pptx
Tests for analysis of different pharmaceutical.pptx
Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India
Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India
#cALL# #gIRLS# In Dehradun ꧁❤8107221448❤꧂#cALL# #gIRLS# Service In Dehradun W...
#cALL# #gIRLS# In Dehradun ꧁❤8107221448❤꧂#cALL# #gIRLS# Service In Dehradun W...
Thyroid Gland- Gross Anatomy by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Thyroid Gland- Gross Anatomy by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 6_Anti Malarial Drugs.pdf
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 6_Anti Malarial Drugs.pdf
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control program
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control program
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
Anatomy (anatomy of thyroid gland)
- 1. Anatomy practical 1 (Anatomy of Thyroid Gland) By : Osama Al-Zahrani @OSAMA_Z96 Video : Click Here
- 2. 1- The Thyroid gland are located at the lower part of front of the neck. 2- It is consist of 2 lobes connected in the middle line by the isthmus. 3- The apex of the lobes can extend into the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage of larynx. 4- The base of the lobes is lies at the level of 4th or 5th tracheal ring. 5- The isthmus extends across the midline in front of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th tracheal rings Anatomy of Thyroid Gland (Anatomical characteristics)
- 3. Anatomy of Thyroid Gland Thyroid cartilage Common carotid artery Internal jugular vein Trachea Left lobe of Thyroid gland Right lobe of Thyroid gland Isthmus Base Apex Thyroid Gland
- 4. Anatomy of Thyroid Gland Infrahyoid muscle Hyoid Bone Suprahyoid muscle Trachea Thyroid cartilage Left lobe of Thyroid gland Right lobe of Thyroid gland Isthmus Thyroid Gland Base Apex
- 5. • Parts : 1- Right lobe. 2- Left lobe. 3- Isthmus. 4- Base. 5- Apex. • Surface : 1- Lateral surface. 2- Medial surface. 3- Posterolateral surface. • Borders : 1- Anterior border. 2- Posterior border. Anatomy of Thyroid Gland (Parts & Surface & Borders)
- 6. Anatomy of Thyroid Gland (Relations) Relations of the lobes 1- The sternothyroid. 2- The omohyoid 3- The sternohyoid. Anterolaterally The carotid sheath : 1- Common carotid artery. 2- The internal jugular vein. 3- The vagus nerve. Posterolaterally 1- The larynx. 2- The trachea. 3- The pharynx 4- The esophagus. 5- Parathyroid glands. 6- Recurrent laryngeal nerve. 7- Vascular anastomosis between superior thyroid vessel and inferior thyroid vessel. Medially
- 7. Anatomy of Thyroid Gland (Relations) Relations of the isthmus 1- The sternothyroids. 2- Sternohyoids 3- Superficial fascia containing anterior jugular veins. 4- Skin Anteriorly The 2nd , 3rd , and 4th tracheal rings.Posteriorly
- 8. Anatomy of Thyroid Gland (Relations)
- 9. • Arterial supply : 1- Superior thyroid artery (Branch of the external carotid artery). 2- Inferior thyroid artery (Branch of the thyrocervical trunk ). 3- Thyroidea ima artery (If present, may arise from the brachiocephalic artery or the arch of the aorta). • Venous drainage : 1- Superior thyroid vein (Drains into the internal jugular vein). 2- Middle thyroid vein (Drains into the internal jugular vein). 3- Inferior thyroid vein (Drains into the left brachiocephalic vein). • Nerve innervation : Superior, middle, and inferior cervical sympathetic ganglia. Anatomy of Thyroid Gland (Blood supply & Nerve innervation)
- 10. For further information : (Textbook) Snell’s Clinical Anatomy 9th Edition Page : 657 & 658