This PPT will give a brief idea about Definition, characteristics and types of Research. This is also discussed process of research and various sampling methods like probability Vs Non-probability sampling.
Science means ‘to know’.
To gain knowledge through the mode of thinking and experimenting with reasoning.
Ideas are tested and hypotheses are set and finally the concept is accepted or rejected.
Person involved in these activities is known as ‘scientist’.
Meaning, Need, Features, Concept relating to Research Design, Types of Research Design, Sampling – Meaning, Steps in Sampling, Sampling Methods (Probability and Non-Probability Methods)
Research Methodology Introduction ch1
MEANING OF RESEARCH, OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH,TYPES OF RESEARCH,Research Approaches ,Research Methods versus Methodology,research process guideline:
Science means ‘to know’.
To gain knowledge through the mode of thinking and experimenting with reasoning.
Ideas are tested and hypotheses are set and finally the concept is accepted or rejected.
Person involved in these activities is known as ‘scientist’.
Meaning, Need, Features, Concept relating to Research Design, Types of Research Design, Sampling – Meaning, Steps in Sampling, Sampling Methods (Probability and Non-Probability Methods)
Research Methodology Introduction ch1
MEANING OF RESEARCH, OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH,TYPES OF RESEARCH,Research Approaches ,Research Methods versus Methodology,research process guideline:
The process used to collect information and data for the purpose of making business decisions. The methodology may include publication Research, interviews, surveys and other research techniques, and could include both present and historical information.
This presentation covers statistics, its importance, its applications, branches of statistics, basic concepts used in statistics, data sampling, types of sampling,types of data and collection of data.
This document dovetails the process of research in brief. It highlights the importance of understanding the problem statement and its motivation. Research being an iterative process it is essential to frame the problem statement carefully before proceeding to the next stage. A research study must be reliable, valid and accurate.
The process used to collect information and data for the purpose of making business decisions. The methodology may include publication Research, interviews, surveys and other research techniques, and could include both present and historical information.
This presentation covers statistics, its importance, its applications, branches of statistics, basic concepts used in statistics, data sampling, types of sampling,types of data and collection of data.
This document dovetails the process of research in brief. It highlights the importance of understanding the problem statement and its motivation. Research being an iterative process it is essential to frame the problem statement carefully before proceeding to the next stage. A research study must be reliable, valid and accurate.
This presentation can give some idea about to understand different terminology like Information, Knowledge, Belief and Truth and also the concept different ways of Knowing
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
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Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
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This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
3. As per the dictionary definition it is a careful
investigation or enquiry especially through search
for new facts in any branch of knowledge
Characteristics of Research:
It is always Search for Knowledge
Its moves from Known to known
Systematic and careful inquiry
It has the Logic reason and evidence
It should fallow the scientific methods (Inductive &
Deductive)
It will formulate the generalisations & theories
4. Types of Research
Descriptive vs Analytical:
Descriptive research (Ex post facto research)
includes surveys and fact-finding enquiries of
different kinds. The main characteristic of this
method is that the researcher has no control
over the variables; he can only report what has
happened or what is happening.
Analytical research in this the researcher has to
use facts or information already available, and
analyze these to make a critical evaluation of
the material
5. Applied vs Fundamental:
Applied research aims at finding a solution for an
immediate problems facing by a society or an
organization.
Fundamental research is mainly concerned with
generalizations and with the formulation of
theory. (gathering knowledge for knowledge’s
sake)
6. Quantitative vs Qualitative:
Quantitative research is based on the
quantitative measurements of some
characteristics. It is applicable to phenomena
that can be expressed in terms of quantities.
Qualitative research is concerned with
qualitative phenomenon, it is a method of
inquiry that develops understanding on human
and social sciences, to find the way people
think and feel.
7. Conceptual vs Empirical:
Conceptual research is that related to some
abstract ideas or theory. It is generally used by
philosophers and thinkers to develop new
concepts or to reinterpret existing ones.
Empirical research (Experimental) relies on
experience or observation alone, often
without due regard for system and theory. It is
data based research, coming up with
conclusions which are capable of being verified
by observation or experiment.
8. Other Types of Research:
One-time research
Longitudinal research
Field setting research / Laboratory research
Clinical or diagnostic research
Historical research
9. Research Methods vs Methodology:
Research methods may be understood as all
those methods/techniques that are used for
conduction of research. Research methods or
techniques, thus, refer to the methods the
researchers use in performing research
operations.
Research methodology is a way to systematically
solve the research problem. In it we study the
various steps that are generally adopted by a
researcher in studying his research problem
along with the logic behind them.
10. Method Technique
Observation Observational behaviour
scale, score cards
Case Study &
Life History
Cross-sectional collection of
data, Longitudinal collection
of data
Survey Questionnaire, Schedules,
Opinionnaire
12. Research Process:
Research Process consists of series of actions or
steps necessary to effectively carryout research.
1.Define research problem (nature& understanding )
2.Review of literature
3.Formulate hypotheses
4.Research design (sample design)
5.Collecting the data (execution)
6.Analysis of data (testing hypothesis)
7.Interpretation & report writing
13.
14. Simple random sampling: is also known as
chance sampling where each and every item in
the population has an equal chance of inclusion
in the sample
Examples: Drawing names from a hat
Systematic Sampling: Select a random starting
point and then select every Kth subject in the
population
Ex: select every odd number in a class
15. Stratified Sampling: Divide the population into at
least two different groups with common
characteristic(s), then draw some subjects from
each group (group is called strata or stratum)
Cluster sampling: it involves grouping the
population and then selecting the groups or the
clusters rather than individual elements for
inclusion in the sample.
Area sampling: it is quite close to cluster
sampling; under this sampling first we divide
the total area into a number of smaller non-
overlapping areas
16. Convenience Sampling: it is also called as
deliberate sampling. This sampling involves
purposive & deliberate selection (Use subjects
that are easily accessible)
Judgement Sampling: The researcher chooses the
sample based on who they think would be
appropriate for the study.
Quota Sampling: A sampling method of gathering
representative data from a group.