Research methodology involves systematic investigation aimed at gaining new knowledge and solving problems, employing scientific methods and observable evidence. It includes various types such as exploratory, descriptive, diagnostic, and hypothesis testing, each with distinct objectives ranging from gaining familiarity to establishing general laws. The importance of research lies in its ability to promote logical thinking, address operational issues in business, and explore social relationships.

1. Research methodology
Research is a careful investigation or inquiry especially
through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge.
According to Redman and Mory , “Research is a
systematized effort to gain new knowledge”.
According to Fred Kerlinger , “ Research is an organized
enquiry designed and carried out to provide information for
solving a problem”.
According to Francis Rummel, “ Research is a careful inquiry
or examination to discover new information or
relationships and to expand and to verify knowledge”.
According to Robert Ross, “ Research is essentially an
investigation, a recording and analysis of evidence for the
purpose of gaining knowledge”.

2. Nature of the Research
• Research is a systematic and critical investigation
into a phenomenon.
• Research is not a more compilation, but a
purposive investigation; it aims at describing,
interpreting and explaining a phenomenon.
• Research adopts scientific method
• Research is objective and logical, applying
possible tests to validate the measuring tools and
conclusions reach.
• Research is based upon observable experience or
empirical evidence

3. Objectives of Research
The purpose of research is to discover answers to questions through the applications
of Scientific procedures.
1.Exploratory / Formulative Research.
2.Descriptive Research.
3. Diagnostic Research.
4. Hypothesis Testing Research.
1.Exploratory / Formulative research
To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new insights into it.
2.Descriptive research
To Portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individuals, situations
or a group.
3.Diagnostic research
To determine the frequency with which something occurs (or) with which it
is associated with something else.
4.Hypothesis testing research:
To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship between the variables.

4. Some other Objectives of Research
1. Research extends knowledge
2. Research Unravels the mysteries of nature
3. Research establishes Generalizations and
general laws
4. Research verifies and tests
5. General laws developed through research
6. Research analyze inter-relationships
7. Applied research aims at findings solutions
8. It aims to develop tools, concepts
9. Research Decision Making.

5. Motivation in research
• What makes people to undertake research?
• Desire to get a research degree along with its
consequential benefits.
• Desire to face the challenge in solving the
unsolved problems.
• Desire to get Intellectual joy of doing some
creative work.
• Desire to be of service to society

6. Types of Research
• Descriptive Vs. Analytical
• Applied Vs. Fundamental
• Quantitative Vs. Qualitative
• Conceptual Vs. Empirical
Some other types of research
one-time research or longitudinal research,
field-setting research or laboratory research,
Historical research, conclusion-oriented or
Decision oriented research.

7. Descriptive Vs. Analytical
• ---Descriptive research includes surveys
and Fact-finding enquiries of different kinds. The major
purpose of descriptive research is description of the
state of affairs as it exist at present. In social science
and Business research we quite often use the term EX-
POST-FACTO research of descriptive research studies.
The main characteristic of this method is that the
researcher has no control over the variables.
• ---Analytical research , the researcher has to
use facts or information already available and analyze
these to make a critical evaluation of the material.

8. Applied Vs. Fundamental
• --- Applied research aims at finding a
solution for an immediate problem facing on
the society or an industrial/business ,
organizations.
• --- Fundamental research is mainly
concerned with generalizations and with the
formulation of a theory

9. Quantitative Vs. Qualitative
• -- Quantitative research is based on the
measurement of quantity Or amount. It is
applicable to phenomena that can be
expressed in terms of quantity.
• -- Qualitative research is concerned with
qualitative phenomena.

10. Conceptual Vs. Empirical
• -- Conceptual research is that related to
some abstract ideas or theory. It is generally
used by philophers and thinkers to develop
new concepts.
• -- Empirical research relies on experience
or the observations alone, often without due
regard for system and theory

11. Research approaches
There are mainly two Basic Approaches to
research. They are :
1. Quantitative Approach
2. Qualitative Approach

12. Approaches
Quantitative approach
The quantitative approach can be classified into 3 types:
1. Inferential approach it mean survey research for
determine, its characteristics.
2. Experimental approach Control over the research
environment.
3. Simulation approach Artificial Approach
Qualitative Approach
Qualitative approach to research is concerned with
subjective assessment of attitudes, opinions and Behavior.

13. Importance of research
• Research teaches scientific and Positive
thinking and it promotes the development of
logical habits of thinking and organizations.
• For solving various problems in operational
and planning problems of Business and
Industries.
• For social scientists in studying social
relationships and in seeking answers to
various social problems.

14. Difference b/w Research methods
and Research methodology.
• Research methods : Research methods may be
understood as all those methods/ techniques
that are used for conduction of research.
• Research methodology : Research methodology
is a way to systematically solve the research
problems. It may be understood as a science of
the studying how research is done scientifically.