Schools of Philosophy- REALISM

1. REALISM
Presented by
Amritha Anand AR

2. 1
Introduction
Ideology of Realism
 What we can perceive using our sense
organs is real
 It started from 16th century and
developed in 17th century
 Realism – philosophy of common sense
and philosophy of science

3. 2
Meaning of Realism
 The word ‘Real’ — object which can
be perceived
 This concept which is related with the
existence of thoughts concerned with
things
 The knowledge gained by sense organs
alone is true, which is physically
present before our eyes

4. 3
Definition of Realism
“Realism is the reinforcement of
our common acceptance of this
world as it appears to us”
— Butler
“Realism means a belief or theory
which looks upon the world as it
seems to be a mere phenomenon”
— Swami Ram Tirth

5. 4
Forms of Realism
 Humanistic Realism
 Social Realism
 Sense Realism
 Neo Realism

6. 5
Basic principles
 Man is a part of physical world
 Sense organs as the entry points
 Significance of practical life
 Opposition to idealism
 Truth of phenomenal world
 Emphasis on observation and experiment
 Man is a part of material world
 Everything that exists in the universe is a matter
of energy or matter in motion
 Truth can be discovered by scientific methods
 Age and ability decides the type of curriculum

7. 6
Characteristics
 Realism emphasize
 Useful and purposive education
 Scientific education
 Present life
 Opposition of bookish knowledge
 Limited freedom to the learner
 Training of since organs
 Significance to individual and scalability

8. 7
Aim
 Preparing the students for a
practical life
 Knowledge of nature and society
 Vocational guidance
 Happy and successful life
 Mental and physical abilities
 Training of sense organs

9. 8
Realism and Curriculum
 Subjects which are useful for the child in his practical
real life
 Preparing children for actual day to day living
 Give prime place to nature, science and vocational subjects
 Secondary place to arts, literature, language, and music
 Laid down about 26-28 subjects, they give freedom to
the child to choose from them according to his interest,
aptitude, and attitude
 Learning mother tongue – all-round development
 Vocational training – progress in social life
 They recommended mother tongue and vocational training
in curriculum

10. 9
Realism and Method of Teaching
 Gaining knowledge according to the child’s nature and
capacity through observation and experience
 Based on self experience, self observation, and self
realization using their sense organs
 Things should be shown first and knowledge of word
should follow later – encouraged audio visual aids
 Bacon introduced Inductive method: the objective shown
to the child first and then the interpretation is done
 Milton introduced Learning by travelling
 2 chief teaching methods
 Learning by doing
 Learning by experience

11. 10
Realism and Teacher
 Teacher – full knowledge of content and the needs
of children
 Capable to present before the children, the content
in a clear and intelligible way using scientific and
psychological methods
 Duty of teacher – tell children about scientific
discoveries, researches, and inventions by others in
various field of knowledge
 He himself should be engaged in some research work
and experimentations
 Knowledge should be provided to each child at a
specific time

12. 11
Realism and Discipline
 Moral and religious education of
the child
 School should be like the lap of
mother full of affection, love, and
sympathy
 Realistic advocates a synthetic
form of impressionistic and
emancipatory forms of discipline

13. 12
Realism and School
 Prescribes wide travelling, tours, and teaching by
private tutors as the best mean of education
 Emphasize the importance of school and class
teaching, school – mirror society reflecting its true
state of affairs
 School is an agency which meets the needs of the
child and the demands of society
 School should be well furnished and equipped with
all necessary aids and devices – effective observation
and experiments by children
 Provide vocational education to prepare the child for
some livelihood

14. 13
Merits
 Education should be practical and utilitarian
 Gave importance to scientific subjects
 Inductive heuristic experimental methods
 Impressionistic and emancipatory discipline is
accepted
 Emphasized on objectivity
 Systematic organization of teaching and learning
 Use of standardized test
 Multipurpose curriculum
 Limited freedom to the students while keeping
decline effective and liberal

15. 14
Demerits
 Ignores imagination, feeling, emotion, and
sentiments
 Neglects – study of arts, humanities, and literature
which are essential for aesthetic development
 Does not give importance to ideals and values

16. 15
Relevance of Realism in 21st century
 It is a reaction against the book centered academic, intellectual,
literacy education
 Favours child centered, practical, specific, scientific and psychological
education
 Making the curriculum broad based so that method of teaching
interesting, sense training, direct experience
 Teacher follows from part to whole
 They use observation, demonstration, inductive method under
scientific methods
 No place for punishments, repression, and fear. But affection,
sympathy, and qualities in the school system
 Using of objects in education to teach them
 Vernacular as a medium of language
 Positive rewards are given for students
 Enchanted learning through direct or indirect experience: field trips,
lectures, films, TV, audio visual aids, computer technology, and library
 One subject is teached at one time

17. 16
Conclusion
 Two main contributions of education
 It tried to remove the gulf between the life
and education
 It propounded the principle of experimentation
and observation in education
 It was realism that first introduced the thought
that the organs are the door way of knowledge
and the knowledge can be gained through the
inductive method
 Real education – brings about union between
nature and society based upon one’s own
experience

18. 17
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