Philosophical School of Thought

1. PHILOSOPHICAL
SCHOOL OF THOUGHT
BY
Irshad

2. Educational Philosophy
 Education is practical in nature and
philosophy is theory. Philosophy is the
study of the realities, the pursuit of
wisdom. The art of education cannot be
completed without philosophy and
philosophy cannot convert others to its
aims and values without education. The
educator, who has to deal with the real
facts of life.

3.  These are the four main philosophical
school of thought.
I. Idealism
II. Realism
III. Pragmatism
IV. Existentialism

4. Idealism
 Idealism is based on the early writings of Plato.
 It believes on that ideas are the only true
reality .
 Idealism is the approach that focuses on a
subject matter curriculum that concentrates on
the cultures great and enduring ideas, values
are universal, absolute and perceptual.
 Teaching methods focus on handle ideas
through lecture, discussion, and to help
students discover and clarify knowledge.
 In idealism, the aim of education is to discover
and develop each individual's abilities and full
moral superiority in order to better serve
society.

5. Realism Realism is based on the thinking of Aristotle .
 Reality exists independent of the human mind.
 The role of teacher is to present material
systematically encourage the use of objective
criteria ,and be effective and accountable.
 The teacher organizes and presents content
systematically within a discipline,
demonstrating use of criteria in making
decisions.
 Students must also demonstrate the ability to
think critically and scientifically, using
observation and experimentation
 Curriculum should be scientifically approached,
standardized, and distinct-discipline based.
 Character is developed through training in the
rules of conduct.

6. Pragmatism
 Pragmatism is based on the thoughts of
a number of nineteenth-century
American philosophers.
 Pragmatists believe that reality is
constantly changing and that we learn
best through applying our experiences
and thoughts to solve problems.
 Pragmatic teacher focus on hands on
problem solving projects.
 Students work in a group is a highly
effective teaching method.

7.  Pragmatists believe that learner
should apply their knowledge to real
situations through experimental
inquiry.
 Pragmatism's curriculum is based on
problem solving according the
scientific method and values are
situational or relative.

8. Existentialism
 Existentialism is based on the writings of
Jean-Paul Sartre.
 Individual interpret the world from their
own perceptions and create their own
realities.
 The role of the instructor in this learner-
centered philosophy is to be a facilitator.
The basis of this philosophy is trust
between the teacher and learner.
o Existentialists accept complete
responsibility for their thoughts, feelings,
and actions.

9.  The teacher's role is to help students
define their own essence by exposing
them to various paths they may take
in life and creating an environment
in which they may freely choose their
own ideal .